• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2009

This study was conducted to improve commercial quality of a cut spray chrysanthemum 'Gama' bred in Korea by foliar application of daminozide (DMZ), suppressing excessive elongation of peduncle caused by high temperature in summer season production. Applications were made at three floral bud developmental stages (I, II, and III), and concentrations used were 0, 500, 1000, and $2000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Both cut flower length and peduncle length showed the greatest suppression of elongation by DMZ treatments at stage II. DMZ also gradually reduced values of those in a concentration-dependant manner. Stem thickness and flower diameter reduced compared to control as DMZ was sprayed at later stage and those two characteristics decreased in a concentration-dependant manner. The number of paralleled flowers neighboring apical part of whole plant showed the best results at stage I and II. As for DMZ concentration, those increased effectively at $500-1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Among all combinations, $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ DMZ at stage II recorded the most paralleled flowers and showed 24.2% increment as compared to control. The number of fully expanded flowers and total floral buds also showed the highest values using $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ DMZ at stage II than the other treatments. In cut spray chrysanthemum cultivar 'Gama' bred in Korea, foliar-spraying with $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ DMZ at stage II most effectively suppressed excessive peduncle elongation, parallelled flower cluster arrangement, and increased the number of flowers in summer. However, this combination affected negatively the other commercial qualities, reducing cut flower length, stem thickness, and flower diameter. Therefore, we recommended that foliar-spraying stage and DMZ concentration was stage I and $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, respectively, in a practical culture for 'Gama'.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.54-54
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• 2019

Apple (Malus domestica) is one of the most economically important fruits in Korea. But virus infection has decreased sustainable production of apple and caused the serious problems such as yield loss and poor fruit quality. Virus or viroid infection including Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) and Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) has been also reported in Korea. In many cases, apple is infected with virus and viroid with no specific symptoms, the damage caused by the virus are unaware significantly. In our research, we tried to eliminate viruses in the rootstock for the disease-free seedlings of the apple dwarfing rootstock M.9 and M.26. The method of virus elimination was meristem culture, heat($37^{\circ}C$, 6weeks) treatment and chemistry($Ribavirin^{(R)}$) treatment. The analytical methods commonly used for the detection of virus is Enzyme-linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay(ELlSA) and Reverse Transcription-polymerase Chain Reaction(RT-PCR). RT-PCR method was more 30% sensitive than ELISA method. Efficiency of method eliminate virus appeared meristem method > heat treatment > chemistry treatment. The higher acquisition rate of disease-free seedlings is 30~40% on meristem treatment. In meristem treatment, the apple dwarfing rootstock M.9 gained infection ratio of ACLSV, ASPV and ASGV were 45%, 60% and 50% respectively. In the apple dwarfing rootstock M.26, infection ratio of ACLSV, ASPV and ASGV were 40%, 55%, 55%, respectively. Based on our results, it was found that most effective method of disease-free seedlings apple dwarfing rootstocks was by meristem treatment than heat method and chemistry treatment.

• MISULJARYO - National Museum of Korea Art Journal
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• v.104
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• pp.40-69
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• 2023

This paper examines the relationship between celadon wine vessels and royal banquets by focusing on their unique forms. It explores the symbolism in their forms and designs and the changes that took place in the composition of these vessels. By examining the royal annals in Goryeosa (The History of the Goryeo Dynasty), the relation of celadon wine vessels and royal banquets is examined in terms of the number of banquets held in the respective reigns of the Goryeo kings, the number of banquets held by type, and the purpose of holding them. A royal banquet was a means of strengthening the royal authority by reinforcing the hierarchy and building bonds between the king and his vassals. It was also an act of ruling that demonstrated the king's authority and power through praise of his achievements and virtues. Royal banquets were held most often during the reigns of King Yejong (r. 1105-1122), King Uijong (r. 1146-1170), King Chungnyeol (r. 1274-1308), and King Gongmin (r. 1351-1374). Particular attention is paid here to the changes in the types and forms of celadon wine vessels that occurred starting in the reigns of King Yejong and King Chungnyeol, which is also the period in which the number of royal banquets increased and royal banquet culture evolved. The king and his subjects prayed for the king's longevity at royal banquets and celebrated peaceful reigns by drinking and performing various related acts. Thus, the visual symbolism of vessels for holding, pouring, or receiving alcohol were emphasized. Since the manner of drinking at a banquet was exchanges of pouring and receiving alcohol between the king and his subjects, the design of the ewers and cups had a significant visual impact on attendees. It can be seen, therefore, that decorating wine vessels with Daoist motifs such as the immortals, luan (a mythological bird), turtle dragons, fish dragons, and gourd bottles or with Confucian designs like hibiscus roots was intended as a visual manifestation of the purpose of royal banquets, which was to celebrate the king and to pray for both loyalty and immortality. In particular, the Peach Offering Dance (獻仙桃) and Music for Returning to the Royal Palace (還宮樂), which correspond to the form and design of celadon wine vessels, was examined. The lyrics of the banquet music embodied wishes for the king's longevity, immortality, and eternal youth as well as for the prosperity of the royal court and a peaceful reign. These words are reflected in wine vessels such as the Celadon Taoist Figure-shaped Pitcher housed in the National Museum of Korea and the Bird Shaped Ewer with Daoist Priest in the Art Institute of Chicago. It is important to note that only Goryeo celadon wine vessels reflect this facet of royal banquet culture in their shape and design. The composition of wine vessel sets changed depending on the theme of the banquet and the types of liquor. After Goryeo Korea was incorporated into the Mongol Empire, new alcoholic beverages were introduced, resulting in changes in banquet culture such as the uses and composition of wine vessel sets. From the reign of King Chungnyeol (r. 1274-1308), which was under the authority of the Yuan imperial court, royal banquets began to be co-hosted by kings and princesses, Mongolian-style banquets like boerzhayan (孛兒扎宴) were held, and attendees donned the tall headdress called gugu worn by Mongol women. During the reign of King Chungnyeol, the banquet culture changed 132 banquets were held. This implies that the court tried to strengthen its authority by royal marriage with the Yuan court, which augmented the number of banquets. At these banquets, new alcoholic drinks were introduced such as grape wine, dongnak (湩酪), and distilled liquor. New wine vessels included stem cups, pear-shaped bottles (yuhuchunping), yi (匜), and cups with a dragon head. The new celadon wine vessels were all modeled after metal wares that were used in the Yuan court or in the Khanates. The changes in the celadon wine vessels of the late Goryeo era were examined here in a more specific manner than in previous studies by expanding the samples for the study to the Eurasian khanates. With the influx of new types of wine vessels, it was natural for the sets and uses of Goryeo celadon wine vessels to change in response. The new styles of celadon wine vessels linked the Goryeo court with the distant Khanates of the Mongol Empire. This paper is the beginning of a new study that examines the uses of Goryeo celadon by illuminating the relations between royal banquets and these unique celadon wine vessels that are stylistically different from everyday vessels. It is to be hoped that more studies will be conducted from diverse perspectives exploring both the usage of Goryeo celadon vessels and their users.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 1999

This study was carried out to examine the effect of day/nignt temperatures during seedling culture on the vegetative and reproductive growth of Lycopersicum esculentum ‘Seokwang’. The study was consisted of two culture stages, plug seedling production in the growth chamber and hydroponic culture of the plant in a glasshouse. Experiments were replicated over time. The germinated seedlings were raised for 33 days (experiment 1) and 35 days (experiment 2) in 4 growth chambers, each with day/night temperatures of either $25^{\circ}C$/$25^{\circ}C$, 16$^{\circ}C$/16$^{\circ}C$, 16$^{\circ}C$/$25^{\circ}C$ or $25^{\circ}C$/16$^{\circ}C$. Cool-white fluorescent lamps provided 140$\mu$mol.m$^{-2}$ .s$^{-1}$ light for 12h each day. In the second experiment, all chambers were supplied with 1000$\mu$mol.mol$^{-1}$ CO$_{2}$ during the photoperiod and had an air velocity of 0.3m.s$^{-1}$ and relative humidity of 80%. Plug seedlings raised were transplanted to rockwool slabs in a glasshouse and were grown hydroponically using the same nutrient solutions used for seedling culture for 37 days (experiment 1) and 35 days (experiment 2). Plant height was affected more by mean daily temperature than by interaction of day and night temperatures. Plant height was the highest in 16/16$^{\circ}C$ treatment. Leaf count was not affected by day and night temperatures, and the chlorophyll concentration was the highest in 16/$25^{\circ}C$ treatment. Fresh and dry weights of stem tended to be greater in treatments of constant day and night temperature. The number of node on which first and second flower clusters were set was significantly higher in 25/$25^{\circ}C$ treatment than in the other treatments. Days to flower of the first flower on the first flower cluster were the greatest in 25/$25^{\circ}C$ and the least in 16/$25^{\circ}C$ treatment. Vegetative and reproductive growth, such as height, fresh and dry weights, days to flower, and nodes of the 1st and 2nd flower cluster set were affected by day/night temperatures.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 2007

Angiogenesis is a essential part for bone formation and bone fracture healing. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), one of the most important molecules among many angiogenic factors, is a specific mitogen for vascular endothelial cells. VEGF-mediated angiogenesis is required for bone formation and repair. However, the effect of VEGF on osteoblastic cells during osteogenesis is still controversial. In recent days, substantial progress have been made toward developing tissue-engineered alternatives to autologous bone grafting for maxillofacial bony defects. Periosteum has received considerable interest as a better source of adult stem cells. Periosteum has the advantage of easy harvest and contains various cell types and progenitor cells that are able to differentiate into a several mesenchymal lineages, including bone. Several studies have reported the bone formation potential of periosteal cells, however, the correlation between VEGF signaling and cultured human periosteal cell-derived osteogenesis has not been fully investigated yet. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between VEGF signaling and cultured human periosteal-derived cells osteogenesis. Periosteal tissues of $5\;{\times}\;20\;mm$ were obtained from mandible during surgical extraction of lower impacted third molar from 3 patients. Periosteal-derived cells were introduced into the cell culture and were subcultured once they reached confluence. After passage 3, the periosteal-derived cells were further cultured for 42 days in an osteogenic inductive culture medium containing dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, and ${\beta}-glycerophosphate$. We evaluated the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the expression of Runx2 and VEGF, alizarin red S staining, and the quantification of osteocalcin and VEGF secretion in the periosteal-derived cells. The ALP activity increased rapidly up to day 14, followed by decrease in activity to day 35. Runx2 was expressed strongly at day 7, followed by decreased expression at day 14, and its expression was not observed thereafter. Both VEGF 165 and VEGF 121 were expressed strongly at day 35 and 42 of culture, particularly during the later stages of differentiation. Alizarin red S-positive nodules were first observed on day 14 and then increased in number during the entire culture period. Osteocalcin and VEGF were first detected in the culture medium on day 14, and their levels increased thereafter in a time-dependent manner. These results suggest that VEGF secretion from cultured human periosteal-derived cells increases along with mineralization process of the extracellular matrix. The level of VEGF secretion from periosteal-derived cells might depend on the extent of osteoblastic differentiation.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.328-335
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• 2004

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-I) Tat protein transduction domain (PTD), which con­tains rich arginine and lysine residues, is responsible for the highly efficient transduction of protein through the plasma membrane. In addition, it can be secreted from infected cells and has the ability to enter neighboring cells. When the PTD of Tat is fused to proteins and exogenously added to cells, the fusion protein can cross plasma membranes. Recent reports indicate that the endogenously expressed Tat fusion protein can demonstrate biodistribution of several proteins. However, intercellular transport and protein transduction have not been observed in some studies. Therefore, this study exam­ined the intercellular transport and protein transduction of the Tat protein. The results showed no evi­dence of intercellular transport (biodistribution) in a cell culture. Instead, the Tat fusion peptides were found to have a significant effect on the transduction and intercellular localization properties. This sug­gests that the HIV-1 PTD passes through the plasma membrane in one direction.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.291-296
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• 2008

Amniotic membrane (AM) has been used in various medical application such as biomaterials and it has a biocompatibility and wound healing effects. In this studies, we made AM sponge that was homogenized with AM and then lyophilized. And osteoinduction efficacy of AM sponge was evaluated with collagen sponge by mesenchymal stem cell culture and implantation in nude mouse. As a result of this study, adhesion and proliferation of MSC cells on AM sponge and collagen sponge were not different, but AM sponge was more superior to collagen sponge for induction of collagen secretion and calcium adhesion in matrix in vivo. Besides, AM sponges were more positive stained than collagen sponge about osteocalcin and osteonectin. As a results of this study, there is possibility of doing that AM could increase osteoinduction.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.418-425
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• 2016

Resveratrol (RES) plays a critical role in the fate of cells and longevity of animals via activation of the sirtuins1 (SIRT1) gene. In the present study, we intend to investigate whether RES could promote the self-renewal and neural-lineage differentiation in human umbilical cord derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) in vitro at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to $10{\mu}M$, and whether it exerts the effects by modulating the SIRT1 signaling. Herein, we demonstrated that RES at the concentrations of 0.1, 1 and $2.5{\mu}M$ could promote cell viability and proliferation, mitigate senescence and induce expression of SIRT1 and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) while inhibit the expression of p53 and p16. However, the effects were reversed by 5 and $10{\mu}M$ of RES. Furthermore, RES could promote neural differentiation in a dose-dependent manner as evidenced by morphological changes and expression of neural markers (Nestin, ${\beta}III-tubulin$ and NSE), as well as pro-neural transcription factors Neurogenin (Ngn)1, Ngn2 and Mash1. Taken together, RES exerts a dosage-dependent effect on the self-renewal and neural differentiation of hUC-MSCs via SIRT1 signaling. The current study provides a new strategy to regulate the fate of hUC-MSCs and suggests a more favorable in vitro cell culture conditions for hUCMSCs-based therapies for some intractable neurological disorders.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2009

These experiments were conducted to find the optimum mixing rate of used media for saving the production cost of Flammulina velutipes. The materials for media formation was used needle-leaf tree sawdust, media that finished 1th cultivation of F. velutipes, corncob meal, and rice bran, wheat bran as nutrition source. We inoculated the F. velutipes in 14 kinds of different media types and checked the spawn growth speed, fruit body quality and quantity. Two nutrition agents, which is rice bran and wheat bran, did not affected the incubation period, but the effective stem number, quality and quantity of fruit body was better at rice bran than wheat bran. The quality of fruit body produced at mixed 20% of used media (needle-leaf tree sawdust 60% + used media 20% + rice bran 20%) was similar to control plot (needle-leaf tree sawdust 80% + rice bran 20%), but the yield was improved 10% than control plot 130g. According as the used-media mixing amount increases, quality and quantity of fruit body became low remarkably. Therefore, the optimum mixing amount of used-media was 20% and it increased 10% of fruitbody yield.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2008

A total of 29 Botrytis were isolated from ginseng gray mold at 8 locations in Korea from June to July, 2004 and 2005. The causative agent of them was identified as Botrytis cinerea based on morphological characteristics of conidia and RPB2 gene sequence analysis. In inoculation experiments with sclerotia, one isolate was pathogenic to ginseng plant whereas two isolates were non-pathogenic. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the sclerotia of pathogenic isolate has rough surface and that of non-pathogenic isolate very smooth surface. Optimum temperature and culture conditions for sclerotia production were $5{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ and darkness, respectively. The number of sclerotia was increased tenfold on media added with 0.5% old stem fragment of ginseng.