• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.2
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• pp.119-131
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• 1989

This experiment was executed to investigate and compare qualitative and quantitative anatomical features in compression wood, opposite wood, and side wood formed in a bent stem, a straight branch, and an exposed horizontal root of Korean red pine(Pinus densiflora S. et Z.). The respective four discs containing compression wood taken at 20cm interval both in stem and branch as well as a disc containing well developed compression wood from horizontal root were analyzed. Percentage of compression wood and eccentricity showed decreasing tendency with the increasing distance in height direction of stem and length direction of branch. The qualitative anatomical features of compression wood appeared to differ from those of side and opposite wood in very gradual tracheid transition from earlywood to latewood, roundish tracheid shape on cross surface, tracheid distortion at tip on radial surface, existence of intercellular space, and helical cavity in tracheid wall. And the differences in these qualitative features among the compression wood, opposite wood, and side wood became less intensive with the decreasing trends in percentage of compression wood and eccentricity. The quantitative anatomical features in compression wood also appeared to be wider in that respective widths of fusiform and uniseriate ray than those of opposite and side wood, but the heights of fusiform and uniseriate ray in compression wood were smaller than in opposite and side wood. The number of horizontal resin canal(fusiform ray) and uniseriate ray, however, showed no differences among the compression wood, opposite wood, and side wood. And the number of vertical resin canal in unit area, $4{\pi}mm^2$ of compression wood was fewer than that in opposite wood, whereas numerous vertical resin canals contained in a growth ring. These rays of compression wood seemed to be characterized by smaller height and wider width than those of opposite and side wood.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.157-167
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• 2009

The incidence of childhood cancer is greatest in the first year of life. Early diagnosis and advances in medicine have significantly improved outcomes of treatment resulting in higher survival rate; however, this progress comes at the expense of a higher incidence of adverse side effects because of more aggressive antineoplastic treatment strategies. The oral cavity, a trauma-prone environment, is extremely sensitive to toxicities from antineoplastic agents. Oral health care specialists, including pediatric and hospital dentists can support the oncology team by providing basic oral care, implementing oral care protocols, delivering emergency dental treatment, and assisting and/or managing oral complications from cancer therapy. This article covers the considerations in the dental management of pediatric patients undergoing cancer treatment, specifically chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.228-234
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• 2000

Objectives: Esthesioneuroblastoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that originates from the olfactory sensory cells. This tumor grows from the upper nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus and invades surrounding structures through the cribriform plate into intracranium or orbit in advanced stage. Even though there has been some controversies in determining standard treatment due to rarity of this tumor, the combination treatment of surgery and adjuvant radiation has been recommended for the locally advanced esthesioneuroblastomas. However, the recent clinical experiences of advanced cases showed that combination chemotherapy is highly effective to reduce tumor mass and improve clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of 6 esthesioneuroblastoma patients who were treated in our hospital from 1986. Results: The age of these patients was between 19 and 86 year-old. Among the 6 cases, 2 were diagnosed at stage B and 4 at stage C, according to Kadish classification. Anti-tumor treatments were performed in 5 patients. One patient refused active treatment and was lost to follow-up. Better survival outcome were observed in 3 patients who were treated with combination chemotherapy alone or combined modality treatment including chemotherapy. Conclusion: Based on our retrospective study, the combined treatment consisting of surgery, radiotherapy, and combination chemotherapy should be used to improve treatment results. And furthermore, innovative clinical approaches such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation, which have been reported to have good therapeutic results, should be considered and applied actively.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2010

Purpose: Treating same region with different modalities there is a limit to evaluate the total absorbed dose of normal tissues. The reason is that it does not support to communication each modalities yet. In this article, it evaluates absorbed dose of the patients who had been treated same region by a tomotherapy and a linear accelerator. Materials and Methods: After reconstructing anatomic structure with a anthropomorphic phantom, administrate 45 Gy to a tumor in linac plan system as well as prescribe 15 Gy in tomotherapy plan system for make an ideal treatment plan. After the plan which made by tomoplan system transfers to the oncentra plan system for reproduce plan under the same condition and realize total treatment plan with summation 45 Gy linac treatment plan. To evaluate the absorbed dose of two different modalities, do a comparative study both a simple summation dose values and integration dose values. Then compare and analyze absorbed dose of normal tissues and a tumor with the patients who had been exposured radiation by above two differents modalities. Results: The result of compared data, in case of minimum dose, there are big different dose values in spleen (12.4%). On the other hand, in case of the maximum dose, it reports big different in a small bowel (10.2%) and a cord (5.8%) in head & neck cancer patients, there presents that oral (20.3%), right lens (7.7%) in minimum dose value. About maximum dose, it represents that spinal (22.5), brain stem (12%), optic chiasm (8.9%), Rt lens (11.5%), mandible (8.1%), pituitary gland (6.2%). In case of Rt abdominal cancer patients, there represents big different minimum dose as Lt kidney (20.3%), stomach (8.1%) about pelvic cancer patients, it reports there are big different in minimum dose as a bladder (15.2%) as well as big different value in maximum dose as a small bowel (5.6%), a bladder (5.5%) in addition, making treatment plan it is able us to get. Conclusion: In case of comparing both simple summation absorbed dose and integration absorbed dose, the minimum dose are represented higher as well as the maximum dose come out lower and the average dose are revealed similar with our expected values data. It is able to evaluate tumor & normal tissue absorbed dose which could had been not realized by treatment plan system. The DVH of interesting region are prescribed lower dose than expected. From now on, it needs to develop the new modality which are able to realize exact dose distribution as well as integration absorbed dose evaluation in same treatment region with different modalities.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.345-355
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• 1993

Anatomical study of the secondary xylem in Araliaceous plants, induding 7 genera and 11 species grown in Korea, was carried out to elucidate the relationship among genera in the family. Wood of Hedera has difbse porous and shows ulmiform pattern of angular vessels, simple perforation plate, and alternate pitting. In addition, its ray is homogeneous type II with only procumbent ray cell. Ring porous wood of Dendropanax shows ulmiform of angular vessels, simple perforation plate, alternate pitting, and heterogeneous type II ray, which has sometimes horizontal secretory cavity. Fatsia has diffuse porous wood, which shows ulmiform of angular vessels, scalariform perforation plate (3-9 bars), scalariform pitting, spiral thickening in the lateral wall of vessel, and heterogeneous type II ray with sheath cells. Kalopanax has ring porous wood, which shows ulmiform of circular vessels, simple perforation plate and alternate pitting, and heterogeneous type II ray. While K pictum appears tylose with septum, K pictum var. maximowczii appears tylose without septum. Echinopanax shows ring porous wood, ulmiform of angular vessels, simple perforation plate, scalariform pitting, and tylose with septum. And the ray of Echinopanax is paedomorphic type I composed of only upright cells. Acanthopanax genus is composed of diffuse porous wood, ulmiform of angular vessels, simple perforation plate and alternate pitting. In this genus, A. sessiliflorus has heterogeneous type II ray, apotracheal axial parenchyma and tylose with septum. A. senticosus appears paedomorphic type I with only upright cells, and tylose with septum. A. koreanum and A. sieboldianum have heterogeneous type II ray but have not tylose. Aralia is composed of ring porous wood, ulmiform of circular vessels, simple perforation plate, alternate pitting, heterogeneous type II ray, and tylose contained both septum and reticulate. On the basis of arrangement, shape, length and diameter of vessel element, the angle of end wall to vessel axis, and ray type, the line of specialization in these genera is as follow: from Fatsia, the most primitive, to the most highly specialized Aralia, throughout Hedera, Acanthopanax, Echinopanax, Dendropanax, and Kalopanax by turns. turns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2010

Recently, the incidents of direct or indirect radiation exposure due to increase of use of radiation or radioisotope are on the increase in medical and industrial circles. If cells are irradiated, free radicals are created through biological process, and cells are directly or indirectly damaged. This research intends to explore into the effect of saponin at the level of cell (in vitro) and entity (in vivo), using red ginseng extract "saponin", as radioprotective agent. In the experiment implemented at the level of cell (in vitro), degree of cell activity was measures by adding mouse mesenchymal stem cells "C3H/10T1/2 cells" into red ginseng extract "saponin(0, 0.05, 0.2, and 0.4 g/L)", and then the optimal concentration of saponin influencing cells was calculated, in 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after gamma irradiation at the optimal concentration of saponin, each cell survival rate was observed through XTT assay. The best time period of cultivation for the optimal activity of C3H/10T1/2 cells was as 48 hours, and the degree of optimal activity was shown at 0.05 g/L. In 48 hours after irradiation of 5 Gy to C3H/10T1/2 cells at 0.05 g/L, the degree of activity of cells increased by 10%. In the experiment implemented at the level of entity (in vivo), red ginseng extract "saponin" at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day was injected into the abdominal cavity of six-week immature mouse for two weeks. Right after the last abdominal injection, total body irradiation of gamma rays was carried out at a dose of 5 Gy and 10 Gy. And after irradiation, the blood sample was taken, and then the number of red corpuscles was counted. In result, the decrement of experimental group treated with red ginseng extract "saponin" was 2.3 times larger than that of control group. In view of the results so far achieved, it was revealed that red ginseng extract "saponin" has a radiation exposure protection effect in the experiment implemented at the level of cell (in vitro). In case of animal experiment, the decrement of number of red corpuscles decreased. Finally, it is necessary to carry out more various researches continuously.