• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.693-702
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• 2019

Deep learning has gained popularity for the classification and prediction task. Neural network layers become deeper as more data becomes available. Saturation is the phenomenon that the gradient of an activation function gets closer to 0 and can happen when the value of weight is too big. Increased importance has been placed on the issue of saturation which limits the ability of weight to learn. To resolve this problem, Glorot and Bengio (Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, 249-256, 2010) claimed that efficient neural network training is possible when data flows variously between layers. They argued that variance over the output of each layer and variance over input of each layer are equal. They proposed a method of initialization that the variance of the output of each layer and the variance of the input should be the same. In this paper, we propose a new method of establishing initialization by adopting truncated normal distribution and truncated cauchy distribution. We decide where to truncate the distribution while adapting the initialization method by Glorot and Bengio (2010). Variances are made over output and input equal that are then accomplished by setting variances equal to the variance of truncated distribution. It manipulates the distribution so that the initial values of weights would not grow so large and with values that simultaneously get close to zero. To compare the performance of our proposed method with existing methods, we conducted experiments on MNIST and CIFAR-10 data using DNN and CNN. Our proposed method outperformed existing methods in terms of accuracy.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.320-330
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• 2012

Understanding the relation between basic science and applied science is important for students in understanding the importance of learning science, the relationship between scientific knowledge and human life, and for enhancing their science motivation. In this study, we evaluated the statistical validity of this hypothetical model and explored the effect of gender and students' preferred courses (e.g., humanities, science, and art) on four dependent variables. We also evaluated the differences of students' understanding across scientific domains and students' understanding concerning basic and applied scientific knowledge. Three hundred and twenty five 10th grade students participated in this survey research. Statistically, we employed bivariate correlation, partial correlation, path analysis, two-way ANOVA, and repeated measures ANOVA. Our findings illustrated that our hypothetical model was statistically valid. In addition, the significant interaction effects of gender and students' preferred courses on each dependent variable were shown. Students have different levels of understanding of the convergence of basic and applied science, the relation between scientific knowledge and human life, and the importance of learning science across scientific domains (e.g., physics, chemistry, earth science and biology).

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

This paper is brought to asses the training effect of KS-QFD boot camp for the companies in the early growth stage. In particular, the focus of research falls on measuring transfer intension of the participants from the early stage companies older than three years old, motivating effect of applying knowledges acquired from KS-QFD training camp into their real business case. KS-QFD program is presented to help company in the early stage companies over three years old of boosting up their sales volume more than 5 times than now for the next 18 months by this training. The training program of KS-QFD is ultimately to design more practical and helpful program to real business and spread out. The research establish model by setting the learner readiness and perceived content validity by doing training design as independent variables, self-efficacy of learner as mediating variable, and transfer intension as dependant variable. Research results shows the following outcomes. First, learner readiness does not have directly effect on transfer intension under keeping statistical significance. But as the parameter of self-efficacy, it has perfect mediating effect. Second, research proves that perceived content validity have directly impact on learning transfer intension of mediating by self-efficacy partially. This research contributes on proving that learning by doing KS-QFD boot camp enable the participants to build up their self-efficacy and lead to enhance transfer intension. In more steps, the research validates that KS-QFD training camp have delivered very practical and helpful on-site knowledge to the participants.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.190-203
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• 2016

Based on the premise that a systematic career process was one of the essential elements of successful task performance both for individuals and the organization in the field of social welfare, this study set out to empirically analyze factors influencing the career commitment of social workers at a multidimensional level and provide practical implications for the directionality of career management on the basis of data with theoretical and statistical accuracy. For those purposes, the study collected individual and organizational characteristics data from 787 social workers at 46 agencies through a structured questionnaire and analyzed influential factors through the multilevel analysis technique by taking organizational effects into account. The analysis results show that explanations by the organization characteristics recorded significant 15% in the total variance of career commitment and that its influential factors included such significant variables as the protean career attitude, desire for growth, human network, and self-efficacy at the individual level and also the qualification compensation system at the organizational level. The study then proposed and discussed integrated practice strategies between individuals and agencies as the measures to promote career success through the activation of individual factors based on the consideration of organizational effects such as the application of an employee assistant program, provision of incentives to professional career development, and shift to a learning organization.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.264-275
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• 2017

Objective: This study examines the effects of children's art activities through forest experience in relation with Nuri curriculum on environmental sensitivity. Method: A survey was administered to an experimental group of 20 children as well as a control group of 20 children for statistical analysis. after 16-class art activities through forest experience were performed to children aged 4 at a daycare center for 50 days. Result: Children's art activities through forest experience in relation with Nuri curriculum had a positive effect on their environmental sensitivity. In particular, their art activities had a positive effect on their self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy and motivation in the experimental group, supporting the educational effects and benefits of developmental children's art activities through forest experience in relation with Nuri curriculum. In other words, art activities through forest experience are useful in terms of providing children with creative expression activities in art by leading to observation and exploration, as well as educational experiences that have positive attitudes toward the environment. Conclusion: As children's art activities through forest experience have a positive effect on their environmental sensitivity, more useful information on teaching-learning methods will be able to be provided to early childhood teachers in the field. Consequently, children's art activities through forest experience need to be actively introduced in the field of early childhood education as an alternative for learning nature and improving environment-friendly emotional intelligence.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.41-50
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• 2020

This study is about entrepreneurial intention of baby boomers who started retirement, starting with the second phase of life. A research model was constructed focusing on factors that will affect the entrepreneurial intention of baby boomers. In order to test the study model, a questionnaire was surveyed on baby boomers, and among them, 204 people, which was valid, was used for analysis. The hypothesis test was a structural equation model using the AMOS 23 statistical package. As a result of the hypothesis test, self-efficacy and social capital had a positive (+) relationship with entrepreneurial intention. Economic preparation was found to have a significant negative (-) relationship with entrepreneurial intention. Social capital was found to have the most influence on baby boomers' entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, achievement experience and role model learning experience were the antecedent variables affecting self-efficacy. As a result of testing their relationship, achievement experience and role model learning experience had a significant positive (+) influence on self-efficacy. Based on the research results, academic and practical implications were presented.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.353-380
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• 2009

Some of the possible effects of revitalizing school libraries are improved personality education and an acquisition of the basic, as well as cultural, knowledge through expanded reading opportunities. The goal of school education is to increase the students' intellectual quality by providing structured education curriculums. In order to meet this goal, there has been increased interest in ways to enhance academic achievements or to increase the cognitive level of the students. In this study, we focused on the effects of school libraries on learning capabilities. To measure the learning capabilities, we used academic achievements as the evaluation criteria. Based on the statistical analysis, we found that the collection types and the reasons for using school libraries influenced the academic achievements more than the frequency of using school libraries. However, the influences of economic and social factors were too great in comparison to other factors. This paradoxically shows the importance of public education and the school libraries' role in education in general. In summary, school libraries should provide good quality reading experiences as well as methods to collect, manage, and use information to the students. These efforts will positively impact the academic achievements of the students.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2005

Ethical perception may be thought of as 'professional skills'. Despite this, however, the dental hygiene curriculums tend to disregard ethics education. This paper describes ethical perception in dental hygiene students. Questionnaire surveys were conducted for 374 in dental hygiene students. For statistical analyses of collected data, the multiple linear regression were adopted. Demand as necessity of dental ethics education, clinical practice exercise, practice of work ethics education were found to have significant major effects on basic ethics perception. The major variables which related to the licensure and health care law and teamwork were to knowledge of revised ethics code of dental hygienist and to demand as necessity of dental ethics education. The major variables influencing the professional protocol were to knowledge of revised ethics code of dental hygienist, to demand as necessity of dental ethics education, role model for learning ethical principles. Revised ethics code of dental hygienist was the most important factor affecting professional protocol. The major variables influencing the decision-making were to demand as necessity of dental ethics education, to knowledge of revised ethics code of dental hygienist, clinical practice exercise, role model for learning ethical principles (church). About 88.4% of the students unawared to knowledge of revised ethics code of dental hygienist and perception of professional protocol of the students awared to knowledge of revised ethics code of dental hygienist was $3.44{\pm}0.23$ (p=0.000).

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.395-408
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• 2020

This paper aims to develop and apply three different machine learning approaches (i.e., artificial neural networks (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), and wavelet-based neural networks (WNN)) combined with an evolutionary optimization algorithm and the k-fold cross validation for multi-step (days) streamflow forecasting at the catchment located in Algeria, North Africa. The ANN and ANFIS models yielded similar performances, based on four different statistical indices (i.e., root mean squared error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), correlation coefficient (R), and peak flow criteria (PFC)) for training and testing phases. The values of RMSE and PFC for the WNN model (e.g., RMSE = 8.590 ㎥/sec, PFC = 0.252 for (t+1) day, testing phase) were lower than those of ANN (e.g., RMSE = 19.120 ㎥/sec, PFC = 0.446 for (t+1) day, testing phase) and ANFIS (e.g., RMSE = 18.520 ㎥/sec, PFC = 0.444 for (t+1) day, testing phase) models, while the values of NSE and R for WNN model were higher than those of ANNs and ANFIS models. Therefore, the new approach can be a robust tool for multi-step (days) streamflow forecasting in the Seybous River, Algeria.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.65-77
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• 2018

Purpose - A trading area is very closely related to consumer life. A trading area is a cultural and social space that consumes culture and promotes human relationships as well as an economic space where consumers live their daily lives. In this context, a trading area research should be conducted objectively and empirically because it deals with the activities of consumer's life. The purpose of this study is to identify the intrinsic psychological motivation(push motivation) caused when consumers visit a trading area and to demonstrate how the push motivation for a trading area influence on consumer's flow, satisfaction, revisit intention. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to develop research hypotheses for this study, the development procedures for push motivation scale are as follows; (1) generating initial pool of items based on previous studies, (2) expert judgement to evaluate content and face validity, and (3) assessing convergent and discriminant validity using confirmatory factor analysis. In order to achieve these purposes, online surveys were conducted on frequent or familiar visitors to the trading areas around the Gangnam, Kunkuk University and Hongik University Station. Among the 1,343 questionnaires collected, 1,157 cases were analyzed by using SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.0 statistical package program, except for 186 responses in which responses were judged to be unfaithful. Results - The push motivation was classified into five sub-dimensions of excitement/stimulus, rest/relaxation, exit/refreshing, knowledge/learning and human relationship promotion as multidimensional and complex factors composed of individual and social-related dimensions. The excitement/stimulus and human relationship promotion of push motivation have positive effects on satisfaction. However, all dimensions of the push motivation have positive effects on flow. And flow has a positive effect on satisfaction and revisit intention. Meanwhile, the mediation test using boostrapping shows that flow plays a full mediating role in the relationship between rest/relaxation, exit/refreshing, knowledge/learning and satisfaction, but a partial mediating rol e between excitement/stimulus, human relationship promotion and satisfaction. Finally, satisfaction plays a partial mediating role between flow and revisit intention. Conclusions - This study shows that the push motivation is multidimensional and compositive depending on the situation of a consumer. In addition, it is found that the human relationship promotion(a social-related motivation) has a much more important effect on flow and satisfaction than other push motivations of individual dimensions. It also shows that satisfaction increases when consumers are being flowed at their visit and degree of revisit intention also grows as satisfaction increases. As implications of this study, a marketer should try to understand consumer's visit motivation at first and then develop factors that increase their flow, satisfaction, revisit intention. It also requires a marketer to approach subjects on a trading area more objectively and empirically based on the psychology and behavior of consumers, in order to establish a proper and efficient strategy on development of a trading area.