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Development Process of Agriculture And Technology -A Case Study of Korea

  • Gajendra-Singh;Ahn, Duck-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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    • 1993.10a
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    • pp.109-118
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    • 1993
  • Development process of agricultural technology has been studied with a case study of Korean agriculture. Technological is considered as a transformer of inputs into outputs and hence technological appropriateness, an important aspect of agricultural development strategies, is considered as a dynamic concepts. Considering the concept of agricultural system as a delivery system for providing essential materials and services to producers and consumers, it has been divided into two major groups of dimensions vis. external challenge dimensions and internal response dimensions. Market, investment and agro-ecosystem constitute the external challenge dimensions : whereas trade , technology as well as production and resources allocation constitute internal response dimensions. The system manager is responsible for maintaining equilibrium in the mentioned six sub-systems. Two kinds of alternatives paths of technological development viz. land saving technology and labour saving technolog have been studied. Technology is considered as a combination of four basic components viz. facilities, abilities, facts and frameworks. Adoption of innovation in agriculture depends on profitability, awareness, risk aversion, financial capacity, institutional infrastructure, availability of physical inputs and adaptability to the local conditions. For a cast study of Korea, changes in the agricultural system through external challenge dimensions are investigated. The impacts of industrialization on agro-ecosystem reported are shift of labour from the agricultural sector to non-agricultural sectors and continuously increasing demand of farm the agricultural sector to non-agricultural sectors accompanied by increase in land prices. The impacts on the commodity market discussed are shift in demand from rice, barley and other cereals to meat , dairy products and vegetables : and increasing in supply capacity of agricultural inputs. The process of agricultural development from 1962 to 19 1 9 (i.e. from start of the first to the end of the sixth five year plan) are also discussed in details with several policy measures taken. The trend of agricultural income and productivity are also analyzed. The main cause of increase in the agricultural income is considered as increase in labour productivity. The study revealed that during the span of 1965-88, holding size has not changed significantly, but both the land and labour productivity increased and so did the agricultural income. R&D activities in Korea have changed over time in three stages vix. import of improved technology, localization by adaptive research and technological mastery. For the new technology to be made affordable to farmers, policy measures like fertilizer and food grain exchange system, dual price system in rice and barely and loan for machinery were strengthened.

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The two aspects of a nationalistic art in Greece, 1950 -1960 (그리스 내셔널리즘 미술의 두 얼굴, 1950~1960)

  • Papanikolaou, Miltiades M.
    • The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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    • no.4
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    • pp.203-239
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    • 2006
  • As it is known, during the Second World War Greece has fought on the side of the allies and the end of the war found the country on the winners' side. However, the struggle for authority right after 1945 was merciless and extremely difficult, as well as dangerous for the course of the country to the future. The political powers were divided between the legal authorities that were represented by the king and formed the exiled government on the one hand and the part of the resistance teams and the rebels of the left that had a soviet friendly direction on the other. Thus, the start of a civil war was just a matter of time. It fin ally started in 1947 and lasted for more than two years. The consequences were disastrous for the country's economy and decisive for the future course of Greece. The national army prevailed with the help of, mostly, the English. Royal parliamentary democracy was established with a clear political turn to the west, as a completion and adaptation of the Agreement of the Great Powers at Yalta. Art had a 'similar' route. Dipolar, contradictory: conservative choices on the one side, and a will for pioneering inspiration and perspective on the other side. The 'dominate' trend was first evident in sculpture and mainly in the public monuments. Their construction aimed mostly at the public propaganda and at the promotion of the sovereign ideology. On the one side we have the public sculptures composed of faces of contemporary heroes or leading figures of the civic war and the national resistance. On the other side we have monumental statues mainly that appeal to a 'public' outside of the country's borders and mostly of the north borders, where there are countries with a communistic regime, like Bulgaria, Serbia and Albania. Their subject is derived from the heroic events of the Balkan Wars (1912-1913) and ancient historical figures like Alexander the Great as the Greek army leader, his father, Philippos II and Aristotle, who was of a north-Greek origin. The political message is twofold: on the one side the 'inner enemy' the communists that were defeated and the promotion of the new liberal social system and on the other side the north neighbours, which not only represent the East Block, but they also conspire the history and the culture of the Greeks. This is the way how the 'Cold War' was resulted in a full and totalitarian expression in art.

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Studies on the Compositional Change of Media During Oyster Muchroom Cultivation (느타리버섯 재배기간중 배지의 성분변화에 관한 연구)

  • 홍재식
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.37-46
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    • 1979
  • In order to investigate the compositional change of the lauan and pine sawdust media during the coltivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) chemical components of the two media and mushroom were analized periodically from spawning to ending. The results are summerized as follows: 1) The total yield of mushroom from the lauan sawdust media was 6.39 kg/$m^2$, and from the Pine saw-dust media 6.31 kg/$m^2$, 94% of which was produced from the first and second cropping period. 2) In both media ash content increased gradually, while organic matter content decreased as the cultivation progressed. Moisture content, which was about 79% at the time of spawning, decreased a little during the priod of mycelial propagation, after which no change was observed. 3) Total nitrogen content of the two media decreased gradually as the cultivation progressed, and total loss of insoluble nitrogen was greater than that of soluble nitrogen. Amino nitrogen content tended to increase continually. 4) In both media pentosan, $\alpha$-cellulose, lignin and C/N ratio decreased gradually, while the content of reduced sugar, trehalose and mannitol continued to increase. 5) In both media phosphorus, potassium, manganese and zinc decreased, and magnecium, calcium, iron and copper showed irregular changes. 6) CMC-saccharifying and liquefying activity gradually increased from after mycelial propagation to the second cropping, after which it decreased in both media. Xylanase activity rapidly and greatly increased during the second cropping period rather than the first period. At the start of the third cropping period the activity decreased slowly. Protease activity was highest after mycelial propagati, after which it gradually decreased. The pH of the two media decreased as the cultivation progressed. 7) In both media little change was observed in the content of the components of mushroom cropped from the first to the third period, but slight decrease was noticed at the fourth cropping.

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Effects of Kangaroo Care on Physical Development and Adaptation of External Environment of Prematurity, and Maternal Role Confidence who Delivered Premature Infants (캥거루식 접촉이 미숙아 신체발달과 외부환경 적응 및 어머니의 역할수행 자신감에 미치는 효과)

  • Lee, Ji-Won;Eo, Yong-Sook;Han, Jung Hwa
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.17 no.12
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    • pp.128-137
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    • 2016
  • This study aimed to investigate the effect of kangaroo care on physical development adaptation of external environment of prematurity, and maternal role confidence of those who delivered preterm infants. The subjects were 38 preterm infants and mothers with cesarean section delivery in the hospital, located at B city. Eighteen premature infants were assigned to the kangaroo care (KC) group or the control group (CG). Data were collected between June 2013 and June 2015. KC was given 3 times a day (60 min at a time) and performed a total of 10 times. The physical development indicator (weight, height, and head circumference) as well as the adaptation of external environment (temperature, heart rate, oxygenation) of preterm infants were checked before the start of the program. Following the initial measurement, the program was performed, and measurements were taken again at the end of the program. For measurement of maternal role confidence, structured self-reported questionnaires were performed. The results showed that the KC group had a lower oxygenation compared with the CG (t=2.27, p=.02); however, the physical development indicator (weight t=-0.83, p=.21, height t=-0.34, p=.37, head circumference t=1.29, p=.10) and maternal role confidence (t=-0.41, p=.34) were not significantly compared with the CG. The results of this study suggest that the practice of KC helps the adaptation of external environment of preterm infants

Study on the Realities in Seoul Subway Crimes: Criminal Psychology (서울지하철 범죄 실태에 대한 범죄심리학적 연구)

  • Rim, Sang-Gon
    • Korean Security Journal
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    • no.7
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    • pp.233-285
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    • 2004
  • ‘Defined legally as a violation of law' (Sutherland, E. H. Principles of Criminology, Lippincott, Chicago, 1939) Crime within the group is essentially and primarily antisocial in that the criminal who is welfare of his group acts instead against it and breaks the principles of social solidarity not merely by not doing what these principles prescribe, but by doing something exactly opposites. Any program set up to attack crime and delinquent behavior at their sources. A program of his nature needs the constant and comprehensive collaboration of psychiatrists, social works, educations, lawmakers, and public officials, since crime is a social problem and it should be treated as such. Some crime preventives which should be mentioned are as follows, (1) The insurance that every child will be decently born and that his home life be socially and economically adequate; without socially mature parents the chid is handicapped at the start; thus parental education, integrated with the public school system, should be developed now. (2) A more meaningful educational program which would emphasize ideals of citizenship, moral integrity, and respect for the law and the police. (3) A periodic check made for potential delinquents throughout the public schools and treatment provided if possible; and if not, proper segregation in institutions. (4) Careful attention paid to press, movies, and radio so that crime may no longer appear to be glamorous. This can be done by women's clubs, civic bodies, and other educational groups exerting pressure on the movie syndicates and broadcasting companies to free their productions of the tawdry and lurid characteristics of crime and criminals. Aggression associated with the phallic stage of development, The child ordinarily comprehends sexual intercourse as an aggressive and sadistic act on the part of the male, and specifically on the part of the penis. Evidence that the penis is phantasied as a weapon of violence and destruction come from unconscious productions of normal adults. Limerick, for instance, often refer to the penis as square, or too large, etc., so that intercourse is dangerous and painful for the partner, This may wall be a projection of the male's own fear of coitus. A certain portion of the death-instinct always remains within the person; it is called 'primal sadism' and according to Freud is identical with masochism. 'After the chief part of it(the death instinct) has been directed outwards towards objects, there remains as a residuum within the organism the true erotogenic masochism, which on the one hand becomes a component of the libido and on the other still has the subject itself for a object.' Criminalism, compulsive-neurotic frequent repetition of criminal acts in a compulsive manner. Like most symptoms of the compulsive-neurotic, such antisocial act are closely rated to feelings of hostility and aggression, often against the father. Because these acts are symptomatic, they afford only temporary relief and are therefore repeated. One patient with compulsive-neurotic criminalism was apprehended after breaking into hardware store and stealing money. He later confessed to many similar incidents over the preceding two years. At the same time it was apparent that he stole only for the sake of stealing. He did not need the money he thus obtained and had no special plans for using it.

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The 4th.industrial revolution and Korean university's role change (4차산업혁명과 한국대학의 역할 변화)

  • Park, Sang-Kyu
    • Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.235-242
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    • 2018
  • The interest about 4th Industrial Revolution was impressively increased from newspapers, iindustry, government and academic sectors. Especially AI what could be felt by the skin of many peoples, already overpassed the ability of the human's even in creative areas. Namely, now many people start fo feel that the effect of the revolution is just infront of themselves. There were several issues in this trend, the ability of deep learning by machine, the identity of the human, the change of job environment and the concern about the social change etc. Recently many studies have been made about the 4th industrial revolution in many fields like as AI(artificial intelligence), CRISPR, big data and driverless car etc. As many positive effects and pessimistic effects are existed at the same time and many preventing actions are being suggested recently, these opinions will be compared and analyzed and better solutions will be found eventually. Several educational, political, scientific, social and ethical effects and solutions were studied and suggested in this study. Clear implication from the study is that the world we will live from now on is changing faster than ever in the social, industrial, political and educational environment. If it will reform the social systems according to those changes, a society (nation or government) will grasp the chance of its development or take-off, otherwise, it will consume the resources ineffectively and lose the competition as a whole society. But the method of that reform is not that apparent in many aspects as the revolution is progressing currently and its definition should be made whether in industrial or scientific aspect. The person or nation who will define it will have the advantage of leading the future of that business or society.

A Study on Application of Enzyme Additives to Improve Drying Speed of Urushi Lacquer (옻칠의 건조속도 향상을 위한 효소첨가제 적용 연구)

  • PARK, Ji Hyeon;PARK, Jung Hae;KIM, Soo Chul
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.48 no.3
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    • pp.326-344
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    • 2020
  • Laccase was applied to improve the drying speed of urushi lacquer to confirm a potential use of laccase as an enzyme additive. As a result of applying laccase of lacquer and white-rot fungi, drying times for both Korean and Chinese specimens were reduced. All of the specimens to which laccase was applied were dried(set to touch) within 60 minutes from the start of the drying, and the drying rate was improved as the content ratio of laccase increased. In addition, although there were differences in hardening drying time between Korean and Chinese lacquers, it was confirmed that hardening drying took place even at room with temperature of 20 ± 2 ℃ and humidity of 55-60%. As a result of lacquer layer analysis of the dried specimens, the drying speed was improved when the content ratio of laccase to urushiol was 5:1, and there were no differences in chromaticity and adhesion, confirmed that the layers were stable. It was observed that the gloss of both Korean and Chinese lacquers were reduced when laccase was applied. However, according to the analysis of FT-IR and Py-GC/MS, the changes in components were not as sufficient to affect the physical properties. Thus, its applicability as an additive was confirmed.

Awareness of Parents with Preschoolers on Multiple-intelligence Education Programs, the State of Multiple-intelligences Education and their Needs (다중지능 교육 프로그램에 대한 유아 학부모의 인식, 실태 및 요구)

  • Ha, Soon Ryun;Seo, Hyun Ah
    • Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.331-355
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of parents with preschoolers about multiple-intelligence education programs, the state of their multiple-intelligence education and their needs. This was done in an effort to provide information on the successful utilization of early childhood multiple-intelligence programs, as parents exercise a great influence on the development of early childhood multiple intelligences. The subjects in this study were 350 parents of preschoolers in six different kindergartens located in the city of Busan, on whom a survey was conducted. The findings of the study were as follows: first, as for the awareness of the parents of the preschoolers on multiple-intelligence education, they placed an importance on that education in general. Second, concerning the state of their multiple-intelligence education, there was a strong tendency for them to rely on early childhood education institutions and study aids produced by relevant companies to foster the strength of their children. Third, regarding a time for early childhood multiple- intelligence education, they considered it advisable for preschoolers to start to receive that education at the Western age of 2 to 7, and they preferred teachers who had a good understanding of the psychology and needs of preschoolers. The parents wanted their children to receive that education, and hoped to receive parent education about it.

The Analysis of 2001 Land Use Distribution of Daejeon Metropolitan City based on KOMPSAT-1 EOC Imagery (KOMPSAT-1 EOC 자료를 활용한 2001년도 대전시 토지이용 현황의 공간적 분포 분석)

  • Kim, Youn-Soo;Jeon, Gap-Ho;Lee, Kwang-Jae
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.13-21
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    • 2004
  • The dissemination of commercial satellite images. which have the high spatial resolution such as aerial photos, are the active trend in remote sensing community because of the recent development in satellite and sensor technology. Such high resolution satellite images provide a unique tool for the monitoring of ongoing urban land use change. Especially KOMPSAT-1, which was launched at December 1999 and successfully operated up to now, provides repeatedly panchromatic images over Korean peninsula, which has the spatial resolution of 6.6m. Based upon this KOMPSAT-1 EOC image data we can try to analyze and assess the temporal urban land use change, which could not be done because lack of such data. The aim of this paper is to analyze and assess the spatial land use characteristics of Daejeon Metropolitan City based on KOMPSAT-1 EOC data. The land use map of year 2001 is generated through the modification of the year 2000 land use map, which is published by National Geographic Information Institute, using visual interpretation of KOMPSAT-1 EOC image which is acquired in year 2001. This study can be the start point of the time series analysis of the long term land use change monitoring mit KOMPSAT-1 EOC data.

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A study on legal service of AI

  • Park, Jong-Ryeol;Noe, Sang-Ouk
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.23 no.7
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    • pp.105-111
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    • 2018
  • Last March, the world Go competition between AlphaGo, AI Go program developed by Google Deep Mind and professional Go player Lee Sedol has shown us that the 4th industrial revolution using AI has come close. Especially, there ar many system combined with AI hae been developing including program for researching legal information, system for expecting jurisdiction, and processing big data, there is saying that even AI legal person is ready for its appearance. As legal field is mostly based on text-based document, such characteristic makes it easier to adopt artificial intelligence technology. When a legal person receives a case, the first thing to do is searching for legal information and judical precedent, which is the one of the strength of AI. It is very difficult for a human being to utilize a flow of legal knowledge and figures by analyzing them but for AI, this is nothing but a simple job. The ability of AI searching for regulation, precedent, and literature related to legal issue is way over our expectation. AI is evaluated to be able to review 1 billion pages of legal document per second and many people agree that lot of legal job will be replaced by AI. Along with development of AI service, legal service is becoming more advanced and if it devotes to ethical solving of legal issues, which is the final goal, not only the legal field but also it will help to gain nation's trust. If nations start to trust the legal service, it would never be completely replaced by AI. What is more, if it keeps offering advanced, ethical, and quick legal service, value of law devoting to the society will increase and finally, will make contribution to the nation. In this time where we have to compete with AI, we should try hard to increase value of traditional legal service provided by human. In the future, priority of good legal person will be his/her ability to use AI. The only field left to human will be understanding and recovering emotion of human caused by legal problem, which cannot be done by AI's controlling function. Then, what would be the attitude of legal people in this period? It would be to learn the new technology and applying in the field rather than going against it, this will be the way to survive in this new AI period.