• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.230-236
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• 2018

Objective: Two ex vivo experiments were conducted to verify the effect of barley grain (Nusrat cultivar) treated with alkaline compounds (AC) including alum, ammonium, and sodium hydroxide or cation-exchanged organic extracts (OE) prepared from alfalfa hay, sugar beet pulp and Ulva Fasciata, on extent and digestion of starch. Methods: In the first study, the in vitro first order disappearance kinetic parameters of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and starch were estimated using a non-linear model ($D_{(t)}=D_{(i)}{\cdot}e^{(-k_d{\cdot}time)}+I$, where: $D_{(t)}$ = potentially digestible residues at any time, $D_{(i)}$ = potentially digestible fraction at any time, $k_d$ = fractional rate constant of digestion (/h), I = indigestible fraction at any time). In the second experiment, the ruminal and post-ruminal disappearance of DM, CP, and starch were determined using in situ mobile nylon bag. Results: Barley grains treated with alum and alfalfa extract had a higher constant rate of starch digestion (0.11 and 0.09/h) than others. Barley grain treated with OE had a higher constant rate of CP digestion and that of treated with AC had a higher constant rate of starch digestion (0.08 and 0.11/h) compared with those of the other treatments. The indigestible fraction of starch treated with alum and sugar beet pulp extract was higher than that of the control group (0.24 and 0.25 vs 0.21). Barley grain treated with AC and OE had significant CP disappearance in the rumen, post-rumen and total tract, and also starch disappearance for post-rumen and total tract compared with the untreated (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that AC and OE might have positive effects on the starch degradation of the barley grain. In addition, treating barley grain with alum and sugar beet pulp extract could change the site and extend digestion of protein and starch.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.15-34
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• 2004

Diverse benefits such as reduction of fresh water consumption and effluent discharge, efficient use of raw materials and energy savings can be obtained by papermaking system closure. Closure of papermaking processes, however, causes many problems including reduction of the efficiency of additives, decrease of retention and dewatering, felt plugging, poor Paper quality, generation of slime and odor, poor vacuum efficiency, etc, and it has been recognized that accumulation of Inorganic and organic substances in the process white water is the prime cause of these problems. Therefore, technological developments for preventing accumulation of these detrimental substances are urgently required for Implementing papermaking system closure. Understanding of the accumulation phenomena of the inorganic and organic substances in the papermaking process white water is prerequisite for papermaking system closure. In this study a process simulation method was used to analyze the accumulation phenomena of anionic starch In the process white water as the closure level of a fine paper making process is increased. A pilot paper machine was used as a model process. Starch adsorption and desorption models were developed based on the concept of starch adsorption ratio, which was not considered in previous studies. Steady state simulation studies were carried out based on this model using a commercial simulator. In steady state simulation, the variation of dissolved starch concentration in each process unit was monitored as a function of white water usage for wire shower. The result of the steady state simulation showed that dissolved starch concentration and its increase ratio in Process units increased as white water usage ratio for wire shower increased.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.35-41
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• 2012

In this study, wheat starch adhesive was investigated the shape and structure of starch, the difference in characteristics such as chemical composition according to the fermenting period of 2 years or less. The fermenting period of wheat starch adhesive is 1 month, 2months, 4 months,6 months, 1 year, 2years old. The wheat starch adhesives were investigated total sugar contents, protein contents, properties of gelatinization, pH, the bonding strength and also observed the surface of starch,. As a result, the longer the fermenting period, the increasing in total sugar contents and decreasing in protein contents. The particle shape and surface were similar regardless of the period. In addition, properties of gelatinization according to the fermenting period also could not see the difference. In pH of the adhesive, the longer the fermenting period, the near to neutral. The adhesive was high bonding strength in 4 months, but appeared a tendency to decrease from 6 months. The damage assessment through the UV degradation in regard to the papers applied the adhesive was accomplished. Color difference was no change except 1 month. The 4 months and 6 months' pH was each 5.0, 5.2. But it was near to neutral that the 12 months and 24 months' pH was each 5.7, 5.9.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.189-192
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• 2010

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.165-169
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• 2007

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.74-82
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• 2004

The botanical antimicrobial agent prepared from citrus fruits (BAAC) was prepared to provide inhibitory ability to packaging paper The BAAC diluted in 0.5% and 1% starch solution respectively was applied to packaging paper by the thin coating technique. The antimicrobial packaging paper displayed great inhibitory effect against the putrefying microbes including fungi, yeast and bacteria. Tn addition to antimicrobial activity of the packaging papers, their physical properties such as tensile strength, burst strength, tear strength and bending stiffness could be improved by simultaneous treatment with starch. Both the item packaging by tissue paper and the outer packaging by corrugated boxes, which were treated by the thin coating of BAAC and starch, exhibited great ability in preserving freshness of stored mandann oranges. The more treatment of BAAC was made in the packaging paper, the greater freshness-preserving ability was generated.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.37 no.2 s.110
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• pp.64-69
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• 2005

Suitability of corrugating medium for microflute shape formation was analyzed in terms of fiber bonding strength and paper stiffness. Cationic starch and oxidized starch were applied to corrugating medium's surface by bar coater in order to compare the relative importance of stiffness and fiber bonding on microflute formation. It was found that cationic starch was beneficial for better stiffness and oxidized starch was beneficial for better fiber bonding. The results of the decreasing ratio of length by flute formation, the calculated conditioning effect, and the flute height before and after conditioning treatment were obtained. For better microflute shape formation and its preservation it was found that fiber bonding strength should be increased, proper stiffness was required, and resistance to water absorption from surroundings should be increased.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.8-15
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• 2014

The increase of wet web solid content in wet pressing will save drying energy greatly. We applied wood flours as spacers to increase the old corrugated container (OCC) solid contents in wet pressing. The mixed furnish of OCC and wood flours of 3-5% (wt/wt) increased bulk and drainage rate, and by increasing wet pressing pressure, its solid content started to be higher than 100% OCC furnish at more than 50% solid content level. Addition of cationic starch and drainage aid to the mixed furnish increased solid content further up to around 2%. Cationic starch addition compensated or exceeded the loss of tensile and compressive strength caused by the addition of wood flour, but drainage aid did not. Cationic starch also improved the stretch of the OCC, which could mitigate cracking at folding in boxboard.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.37 no.5 s.113
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• pp.70-77
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• 2005

The development of printable Hanji is regarded as an important work to create a new demand of Hanji in information-oriented era. Hanji has rougher surface, huger absorption of ink and lower optical properties and printabilities than common printing papers. Improving those shortcomings of Hanji is required to be printable Hanji. Sizing and calendering have known as a way to make properties of paper good. Accordingly, this research was performed to find out useful sizing agents for reforming its drawbacks. Four sizing agents (CMC, com starch, PVA, AKD) were used in this research. The optical properties and the printabilities of sized Hanji were tested. The obtained results were as follows. Based on concentration, each sizing agent was prepared. These were CMC(0.5, 1, $1.5\%$), corn starch(1, 2, $3\%$), PVA(1, 5, $10\%$), AKD(0.5, 0.1, $0.15\%$) respectively. After sizing, we performed calendering treatment with pressure of 0.5, $1\;kgf/cm^2$. All the sizing agents and calendering treatment improved the properties of Hanji to some extent. Particularly, com starch was good for gloss. In case of printability, $1\%$ AKD with $1\;kgf/cm^2$ was recommendable for typography ink density, $3\%$ com starch with $0.5\;kgf/cm^2$, inkjet ink density, $2\%$ com starch with $0.5\;kgf/cm^2$, inkjet ink girth. PVA and AKD without calendering were counter-effective agents for inkjet ink density. Printable Hanji is required to have not only better surface strength enough to appear non-picking, higher ink density and lower show-through than base paper but also the lowest ink girth in comparison with base paper. When referring to them, efficient sizing agents were regarded as $0.1\%$ AKD with $1\;kgf/cm^2$, calender pressure, for typography printing and $2\%$ com starch with $0.5\;kgf/cm^2$, calender pressure, for inkjet printing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 1999.04b
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• pp.386-389
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• 1999

Amphoteric polymers have brought to papermakers' attention gradually. In this paper, a series of amphoteric starches with different cationic and anionic degree of substitution (DS) are prepared. Better product has been selected and used under different condition. As retention and drainage aids, amphoteric starches were used in shorter fiber length, weak strength and poor drainage bleached AQ-Soda wheat straw pulp. In neutral and alkaline papermaking system, when amphoteric starches contain 0.024-0.026 anionic degree of substitution (DS), it is shown that the higher the cationic degree of substitution (DS) in amphoteric starches, the better the filler retention. The filler retention is improved 12.5%, 30.3%, and 35.1% and 32.5% respectively by adding 1% amphoteric starch LS-L2 -1 (0.034), LS-L2-2 (0.040), LS-L2-3 (0.047) and LS-L2-4 (0.052). But the strength of handsheets if affected a little. By adding 2% Al2 (SO4)3 and 1.5% LS-L2-3 at pH 7.5, filler retention can be improved from 38% to 80%, and breaking length of sheet only decreases 3.2%. As dry strengthening aids, amphoteric starches were used in eucalyptus APMP. Amphoteric starches are used in eucalyptus APMP. The amphoteric starch LS-L2-2 is better dry strength aid. Adding 1% LS-L2-2 can improve breaking length 24.5%, burst index 42.9%, tear index 38.8%, folding endurance and density of the handsheets.