• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4326-4333
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• 2012

Phytoplankton standing stocks had been researched in Saemangeum water region from 2001 to 2010 belong to the construction period of Saemangeum dike. The big change of phytoplankton standing stocks was shown, reaching 57 - 85,219 cells/ml according to the sampling seasons and stations. Inside of Saemangeum lake, a flux of fresh water and sea water made the phytoplankton standing stocks changed spatiotemporally. Meanwhile, the water bloom was frequent with continuously high standing stocks of fresh water stations and the standing stocks outside of the dike have been normal. In the long-term point of view, the standing stock did not show a big change comparing to the before and after of closing the dike(April, 2006).

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.245-252
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• 2000

Model tests on free standing pile groups and piled footings with varying a pile spacing in two layered soils are carried out. The influence of pile cap on the behaviors of end bearing pile groups is analyzed by comparing the bearing behavior in piled footings with those in a single pile, a shallow footing(cap alone) and free standing pile groups. From the test results, it is found that the bearing characteristics of cap-soil-pile system are related with load levels and pile spacings. Before yield, the bearing resistance by cap is not fully mobilized, however, as the applied load increases, the bearing resistance of cap approaches to that of cap alone and settlement hardening occurs after yield due to the compaction caused by the contact pressure between cap and soil. By the cap-soil-pile interaction, shaft friction and point resistance of piles considerably increase with dependency of pile spacings. In two layered soil, the increasing effect of dilatancy in dense sandy soil adjacent to pile tips, increases the point resistance of pile.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1059-1064
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• 2001

This study is aimed at diagnosing transmutation aspect with the respective of hemiplegia patient's static adaptation of posture which is influenced by anti-gravity excercise, center of gravity shifting movement and segmental movement adaption of the legs and arms by key-point control in the process of Bobatli's treatment approach. The patients for the investigation of this study were selected as a total 17 patients who were doing the physical-therapy in Tae-gu Rehabilitation Center, and diagnosed as hemiplegia patients by Rehabilitation Medicine department in Kyung-buk University hospital. And also, there investigated into temporal transition that keep the attitude with one-leg standing on the ground concerning static attitude adaption on the basis of the before of anti-gravity movement and the after of 4-weeks movement. The findings of this study were as follows: With the respective the time to keep standing pose by one-leg at static attitude transmutation, affected side showed meaningful differences as a l.86/sec, 2.62/sec at 4 weeks later considering the before and after of this experiment.(p<0.01), non-affected side at the aspect of attitude keeping time, but there didn't showed meaningful differences statistically.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.195-203
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• 2021

This study is about building an exercise training system that analyzes images taken of a person's whole body and displays the normal operating range for user-specific movements as images. This study analyzes the front and side of the user's body based on the standing point, sets the node in the joint position of the human body, and places the node in the spatial coordinate system from the point of entry, and calibrates the normal node operating range according to the set standard node coordinate. Therefore, the method of the study presented a method to select differentiation from this study through prior technical research and literature research, and the purpose of the study is to establish a exercise training system accordingly.

• Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.831-850
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• 2023

Our long-standing Metatheorem in Ordered Fixed Point Theory is applied to some well-known order theoretic fixed point theorems. In the first half of this article, we introduce extended versions of the Zermelo fixed point theorem, Zorn's lemma, and the Caristi fixed point theorem based on the Brøndsted-Jachymski principle and our 2023 Metatheorem. We show some of their applications to other fixed point theorems or theorems on the existence of maximal elements in partially ordered sets. In the second half, we collect and improve order theoretic fixed point theorems in the collection of Howard-Rubin in 1991 and others. In fact, we improve or extend several ordering principles or fixed point theorems due to Brézis-Browder, Brøndsted, Knaster-Tarski, Tarski-Kantorovitch, Turinici, Granas-Horvath, Jachymski, and others.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.357-364
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• 2008

For the purpose of possibility study on development of an acoustic tweezer using standing waves and very high frequency ultrasound focused beams, a system which can manipulate the position of particles in water has been constructed. It can move the particles to near focal point of a focused beam by the radiation force of standing waves, and then the particles would be trapped by the radiating force of the focused beam. The results show that micro sphere particles were trapped well at nodes of the standing waves and their position can be easily manipulated by frequency control. And, even though the radiation force by single focused beam pushes a particle away from the transducer, two focused confronted beams can trap it at near center.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.193-205
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• 2002

To evaluate farmers' workload during harvesting grapes in summer, this study investigated farmers' physiological, psychological responses, work postures and thermal environment around in the field. This field study was conducted in the Anseong County of Kyonggi Province at the end of August. Five career farmers (1 male, 4 females) volunteered as subjects. Three of them were over their sixties. During harvesting grapes in the field, physiological responses were monitored continuously. 1. Air temperature (T/sub a/), air humidity(H/sub a/), black globe temperature(T/sub g/), air velocity and WBGT around the grape field were 26.9℃, 77.7%RH, 32.8℃, 0.08㎧ and 26.3℃, respectively. Because farmers started the harvesting task in early morning, thermal environments weren't conditions to give farmers severe heat strain. 2. The percentage of the work postures was larger in order of standing, walking, and bending one's back posture. Particularly, the percentage of standing posture with raising both arms above shoulder of two farmers was up to 29% and 61% of the total work duration. 3. Rectal temperature (T/sub re/), mean skin temperature (T/sub sk/), clothing microclimate temperature (T/sub cl/) on the chest and the back, heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) were 37.2℃, 33.1℃, 32.0℃, 32.4℃, 88bpm and 1.3 Kca1/㎡/min respectively. In the point of these physiological results, we evaluated that the harvesting task was a moderate work. 4. All farmers expressed‘hard, hot, humid and slightly uncomfortable’ at the end of works for each subjective questionnaire. The grape harvesting tasks were not evaluated as a very hard work in the point of physiological work standards. But we considered 1) inappropriate work posture (standing posture with raising both arms above shoulder) and 2) farmers' age as burden factors. These findings suggest that adding adequate protective clothing/equipments for farmers may contribute to maintain their body temperature within the normal range, stabilize HR and decrease psychological strain.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.437-444
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to suggest appropriate human model for ergonomic evaluation considering working postures on 3D space. Background: Traditionally extreme design rules have been widely utilized at the stage of designing products. Body size of 5th percentile and 95th percentile in stature has been generally selected for controllability and clearance evaluation, respectively. However, these rules had limitations in reflecting working posture in ergonomic evaluation. Method: In order to define working posture on 3D space, not only sagittal plane but also lateral plane was considered. Kinematic linkage body model was utilized for representation of working posture. By utilizing the anthropometric data of 2,836 South Korean male populations, the point cloud for end points of linkage models was derived. The individuals who were lacking in certain controllability were selected as human models for the evaluation. Result: In case of standing posture it was found that conventional approach is proper for all controllability evaluations. Contrary to standing posture, tall people had less controllability on control location below shoulder point in sitting posture. Conclusion: From the derived proper range on controllability, ergonomic evaluation rule was suggested according to working posture especially in standing and sitting. Application: The results of the study are expected to aid in selection of appropriate human model for ergonomic evaluation and to improve the usability of products and work space.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined the effects of the symmetrical scapular alignment on the weight bearing of hemiplegic patients in the standing position. Methods: PALM (PALpation Meter) test and Gaitview AFA-50 were used to measure the skeletal alignment of the scapula and the weight bearing loaded on the affected and unaffected sides before and after training. The data was analyzed using a paired t-test on the SPSS 12.0 program for descriptive statistics. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean difference in the scapular alignments on sup. & mid. & inf. area in the hemiplegic side before and after training was $0.93\pm0.50cm$ and $0.58\pm0.43cm$, respectively. There was a significant decrease after training rather than that before (p<0.05). The mean weight bearing on the foot area in the hemiplegic patients before and after training was $9.12\pm5.51N/cm^2$ and $4.36\pm4.11N/cm^2$, respectively,. There was a significant decrease after training rather than that before (p<0.05). The scapuar alignments and weight bearing data on the standing position were grouped around the average (to central point) in the distribution graph. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the symmetrical scapular alignment can serve as an effective means of improving the weight bearing ability of hemiplegic patients.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.455-463
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• 2003

Time series of suspended sediment concentration, surface elevation and velocity were measured and analysed to investigate the role of waves and the predominance of infra-gravity wave component for sediment suspension phenomena in the surf zone. For the investigation in detail, we adopted the cross spectral analysis method between suspended sediment concentration and the characteristic values of wave, and ensemble average analysis method about long-period wave component, which is dominant to sediment suspension in the measurement point. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1)The relationship between suspended sediment concentration and the characteristic values of wave is stronger for the long-period standing wave components(about 60s and 30s where the nodal point of the first mode and the anti-nodal point of the second mode are located at the measurement point, respectively) than the long wave components(about 100s), which have the most energetic power, 2) and also, it is cleared that suspended sediment concentration is increased in the case of the phase, the velocity components of the first mode long-period standing wave(60sec) were accelerated toward on-shore direction, that is, the water surface in offshore side is higher than on-shore side.