• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.3572-3578
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• 2011

양전자방출단층촬영에서 표준섭취계수는 종양의 진단에 사용이 되는 지표이다. 표준섭취계수는 여러 인자에 의해 변화한다. 본 연구에서는 Philips사의 GEMINI TF PET/CT를 이용하여 물질에 따른 영상의 왜곡 및 표준섭취계수의 변화에 대하여 실험하였다. 물질별 표준섭취계수의 변화는 스테인레스보정물은 1.8, 스텐트는 1.4, 요오드성조영제는 2.4, 황산바륨은 2.6, 석고는 1.6, 파라핀은 1.4 이였다. 황산바륨 일수록 농도가 높을수록 영상의 왜곡은 크게 나타났다. 실험의 결과 원자번호가 낮은 금속성 물질이나 농도가 낮은 조영제의 경우 큰 영향은 없었다. 그러나 검사전 반드시 금속성 물질을 제거하거나 조영제의 유무를 확인하여 영상의 왜곡 및 표준섭취계수의 변화를 최소화 해야할 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1355-1366
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• 2020

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value and prognostic relevance of FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients. Materials and Methods: This study included 234 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients who underwent FDG PET-CT between June 2008 and February 2016. The diagnostic performance of FDG PEG-CT was compared to that of contrast-enhanced multidetector row CT (MDCT) and MRI. Independent prognosticators for poor survival were also assessed. Results: The sensitivity of FDG PET-CT for detecting primary tumor and regional lymph node metastases was lower than that of MDCT or MRI (p < 0.001), whereas the specificity and positive predictive value for detecting regional lymph nodes metastases was significantly better in FDG PET-CT compared to MDCT and MRI (all p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the diagnostic yield of distant metastases detection among three diagnostic imaging techniques. In a multivariate analysis, maximum standardized uptake values (SUV_max) of the primary tumor (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-2.69) and of the metastatic lesions ≥ 5 (adjusted HR, 8.10; 95% CI, 1.96-33.5) were independent contributors to poor overall survival in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients. In a subgroup analysis of 187 patients with periductal infiltrating type of cholangiocarcinoma, an SUV_max of the primary tumor ≥ 5 was associated with an increased risk of regional lymph node (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.60; 95% CI, 0.55-4.63) and distant metastases (adjusted OR, 100.57; 95% CI, 3.94-2567.43) at diagnosis as well as with poor overall survival (adjusted HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.04-3.15). Conclusion: FDG PET-CT showed lower sensitivity for detecting primary tumor and regional lymph node involvement than MDCT and MRI. However, the SUV_max of primary tumors and metastatic lesions derived from FDG PET-CT could have significant implications for predicting prognoses in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1466-1473
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• 2013

This experiment was conducted to study the variation laws and correlations of shearing force and feed characteristics including morphological characteristic, chemical composition and in situ degradability of wheat straw. Feasibility of evaluating the nutritional value of wheat straws with shearing force values was analyzed in this study. Six hundred wheat straw plants (Jimai 22) were randomly selected and placed in a cool and ventilated place. Samples were collected in the 1st, 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th d after harvest to measure shearing force, morphological characteristic, nutritional composition. Rumen degradation of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of wheat straws were determined by the nylon bags method. The results demonstrated that linear and quadratic effects of storage time on all the tested morphological characteristics were significantly correlative (p<0.01). As storage time goes on, all the tested nutrients and their rumen degradations of wheat straw was linearly (p<0.01) and quadratic (p<0.01) correlative except ADF content and rumen degradation of ADF. Significant correlations were determined in linear effect of shearing force on morphological characteristics (p<0.01), and linear density and diameter were a more sensitive predictor than stem thickness for shearing force. There were strong correlations between storage time and all the measured physical characteristics (shearing force, morphological characteristics and shearing force standardized by morphological characteristics) (p<0.01). Nutrition compositions were linearly correlative with shearing force and standardized shearing force (p<0.01). The linear correlation between rumen degradation of DM and NDF and shearing force and standardized shearing force were evident (p<0.01). In conclusion, shearing force, nutrition compositions and their rumen degradation of wheat straw were still dynamic with storage time after harvest. Correlation could be found between shearing force and nutritional characteristics of wheat straw. Nutrient content, morphological index and rumen degradation of DM and NDF could be predicted by changes in shearing force. Shearing force should be applied according to a standardized storage time when it is used to forecast the feed value of wheat straws.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권7호
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• pp.1177-1182
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• 2007

Recently, IEC61850 supports the standardized communication technique in both station bus and process bus, and presents the substation automation model. In this paper, we propose the required techniques to develop the Merging Unit (MU), which is one of the important data acquisition equipment in substation automation, under IEC61850 communication protocol. Especially, we also propose the precision time synchronization technique using GPS(Global Positioning System) for the MU. IEC61850-9-2 SV (Sampled Value) service is applied to the MU which is designed using microprocessor. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed MU, the playback program, which can reconstruct the transmitted sampled value data on the basis of time information, is developed and the performance of the IEC61850 SV service for MU is verified experimentally.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.935-942
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• 2021

호흡에 의한 체내 장기의 불수의적 움직임은 방사선 치료 및 진단의 결과에 큰 영향을 주는 요소이다. 본 논문에서는 호흡에 따른 장기 또는 종양의 움직임을 모사하기 위한 움직임 팬텀을 제작하고 다양한 호흡모사 조건에서 ¹⁸F-FDG PET 스캔 영상을 획득하여 호흡에 따른 종양의 움직임 범위와 종양의 크기에 따른 인공물의 수준 및 표준섭취계수 최대값(maximum standardized uptake value, SUVmax)를 분석하였다. 운영체계로 윈도우 CE(Windows CE) 6.0 기반으로 전동액추에이터, 전동액추에이터 포지셔닝 드라이버, PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)을 이용한 위치 및 속도 조절 모듈은 이동거리 0-5 cm와 왕복이동 10회, 15회, 20회에서 정상적으로 동작하였다. 지연시간 100분에서 구의 지름 10, 13, 17, 22, 28, 37mm일 때 각각 80.4, 99.5, 107.9, 113.1, 128.0, 124.8%로 측정되었다. 이동거리가 같을 때 호흡수에 따른 차이는 미미하였다. 호흡수를 20회 하고 이동거리를 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm일 때 구의 지름이 10, 13, 17, 22, 28, 37 mm에서 이동거리가 길어질수록 구의 크기가 작은 것 부터영상의 구분 능력이 저하되었다. 정지영상에 비하여 이동거리를 5 cm로 하였을 때, 표준섭취계수의 최대값은 구의 지름이 10, 13, 17, 22, 28, 37 mm에서 각각 18.0%, 23.7%, 29.3%, 38.4%, 49.0%, 67.4%이었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2024

Background: Visceral pleural invasion (VPI) is a poor prognostic factor that contributes to the upstaging of early lung cancers. However, the preoperative assessment of VPI presents challenges. This study was conducted to examine intraoperative pleural carcinoembryonic antigen (pCEA) level and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) as predictive markers of VPI in patients with clinical T1N0M0 lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of the medical records of 613 patients who underwent intraoperative pCEA sampling and lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer. Of these, 390 individuals with clinical stage I adenocarcinoma and tumors ≤30 mm were included. Based on computed tomography findings, these patients were divided into pleural contact (n=186) and non-pleural contact (n=204) groups. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to analyze the association between pCEA and SUVmax in relation to VPI. Additionally, logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors for VPI in each group. Results: ROC curve analysis revealed that pCEA level greater than 2.565 ng/mL (area under the curve [AUC]=0.751) and SUVmax above 4.25 (AUC=0.801) were highly predictive of VPI in patients exhibiting pleural contact. Based on multivariable analysis, pCEA (odds ratio [OR], 3.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-7.87; p=0.026) and SUVmax (OR, 5.25; 95% CI, 1.90-14.50; p=0.001) were significant risk factors for VPI in the pleural contact group. Conclusion: In patients with clinical stage I lung adenocarcinoma exhibiting pleural contact, pCEA and SUVmax are potential predictive indicators of VPI. These markers may be helpful in planning for lung cancer surgery.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.443-454
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• 2007

Survey questionnaires were conducted on housewives under 60 who had bought an apartment in Daegu. The data used in this study is collected Dalseo-Gu, Soosung-Gu and Buk-Gu by means of cluster sampling and from those chosen samples I use convenience sampling. The data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 10.0 program. The purpose of this study is to examine housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class closely in order to improve value of apartment and to provide housing plan of apartment supply which is distinguished by a social class and moreover, to achieve efficient marketing strategy according to a recent recognition that housing is a kind of commodities. Objective and subjective measure of value are used to classify a social class. Objective measure of value includes scale apartment, a form of possession, a price of apartment, an occupation of husband, family income and academic background and subjective measure of value includes the standard of living out of people's own head. These measure of value are classified by giving consequence to each item with reference to ISC (index of status characteristics) of Wanner. There is a difference of housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class as a consequence of this study. Therefore, this study suggests repeatedly that it should need not standardized housing supply but apartment supply of diverse demand desire because there is a difference of housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2012

This study applied the value of floor-area-ratio standard calculation method to case areas and analyzed them to overcome the limits of previous studies in calculation methods for area standards and land price (value) standard development rights. The results are presented as follows: First, criteria to select sending areas and receiving areas are needed. Second, calculation methods based on the value of floor-area-ratio standard can be widely used as standardized criteria in various areas. Third, for the connection of sending areas with receiving areas, the connections of 1:1, n:1, 1:n, and n:n are available and the location of possible dealing areas should be considered. Also, the choice of connecting unions that meet the purpose of TDR presented by local governments is available. Fourth, for Gwangju, as receiving areas downtown provide higher profits than previous renewal projects, the application of TDR is available. Application methods to overcome problems are presented as follows: First, criteria to select sending and receiving areas should be prepared and implemented in an order of priority. Second, in calculating development rights, methods based on the value of floor-area-ratio standard should be used. Third, the standards and principles of sending and receiving areas should be designated and possible dealing areas should not be limited.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2006

목 적: 양전자방출단층검사(Fluorine-18 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose positron emission tomography : $^{18}F-FDG$ PET)는 가시적 영상분석과 반정량적 섭취계수 분석 방법을 사용하여 폐의 염증성 질환과 폐암을 구별 및 진단하는 데 유용하다. 일반적으로 표준화섭취계수(Standardized Uptake Value : SUV)가 폐 질환의 진단에 사용되지만, 이는 폐 조직에 있어서 반정량적, 정량적 분석을 통한 동적인 정보를 포함하지 않는다. 그러므로, 본 연구는 $^{18}F-FDG$ PET 검사에서 폐 질환의 동적 섭취 분석이 보다 정확한 대상질환의 진단을 유용하게 할 수 있을 것이라는 가정하에 시간-방사능 곡선(Time-Activity Curve: TAC), 표준화섭취계수-동적곡선(Standardized Uptake Value-Dynamic Curve : SUV-DC), 패트락 분석법(Patlak analysis : Glucose Metabolic Rate(MRGlu))을 토대로 얻은 분석방법을 이용하여 진단적 유용성을 평가하였다. 대상 및 방법: 폐 질환을 가진 17명의 환자를 대상을 하여, 각각 60분간 Dynamic $^{18}F-FDG$ PET검사를 시행하였다. 획득한 정보를 통하여 폐질환의 형태를 따라 관심영역(Region of Interest: ROI)를 그린 후, 반정량적 분석인 TAC, SUV-DC와 정량적 분석인 Patlak analysis를 각각의 군에 따라 분석하여 비교 분석하였다. 결 과: Dynamic $^{18}F-FDG$ PET을 통한 분석결과, TAC 형태는 초기 혈류상에서 폐의 염증성 질환과 폐암의 구분이 어려웠으나, 시간이 지날수록 폐암의 곡선이 염증성 질환의 경우보다 확연히 증가하였다. SUV-DC의 경우는 TAC 형태와 거의 유사한 형태를 가졌다. Patlak analysis 분석결과, 대동맥 영역에서는 폐의 염증성 질환이 폐암보다 높은 혈액 방사능을 보였으나 시간이 지남에 따라 염증성 질환의 혈액 방사능이 극히 낮아졌다. 반면, 병변 조직에서는 폐암이 가장 높은 섭취를 보였으며 폐의 염증성 질환은 중간 정도에 머물렀다. 결 론: TAC와 SUV-DC 분석에서 폐암과 폐의 염증성 질환은 각각 고유한 그래프 형태를 띠었으며 Patlak analysis에서 역시 주목할 만한 차이를 보였다. 따라서 이러한 분석법을 토대로 좀더 깊이 있는 연구가 진행된다면 비침습적으로 폐의 질환을 구별하는 데 보다 적절하고 유용한 진단적 정보를 얻을 수 있을 것이다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2005

목적 : 원격존기의 전이가 없는 비인강암에서 동시항암화학방사선치료를 시행 받은 환자에서 진단 당시 시행한 양전자단층촬영의 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) 섭취정도가 예후에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 본원에서 원격장기의 전이가 없는 비인강암으로 진단 받고 진단 당시 ($[18^F]$FDG-PET을 시행한 환자는 총 41명이었다. PET 검사는 모두 항암방사선치료 전에 시행되었다. FOG 섭취 정도를 알아보기 위해서 종양 내에서 측정된 최대 standardized uptake value (SUV)를 측정하였다. 결과 : 항암화학방사선지료 후 모든 환자는 완전반응을 보였다. 전체 41명 중에서 10명이 재발하였는데 재발하지 않은 환자의 $SUV_{max}$ 중앙값은 6.48 (range: $2.31\~26.07$)이었고 재발한 환자의 중앙 $SUV_{max}$는 $8.55(2.49\~14.81)$이었다. 양 군 간의 5UV의 차이는 p값이 0.0505로 통계적 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. $SUV_{max}$를 중앙값을 기준으로 나누어 보았을 때 $SUV_{max}$가 높은 환자의 3년 생존율이 통계적으로 유의하게 저조하였다($51\%\;{\nu}91\%$, p=0.0070). 결론 : 원격전이가 없는 비인강암에서 항암화학방사선치료를 시행 받은 환자에서 진단 당시 시행한 FDG 섭취 정도는 예후를 예측하는데 유용할 것으로 생각되었다. 따라서 진단 당시 시행한 FDG-PET에서 SUV가 높은 경우(8 이상)에는 좀더 적극적인 치료가 필요할 것으로 생각하였다.