• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.257-264
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• 2020

Objective: To investigate test-retest reliability and responsiveness of Equivital Lifemonitor and photoplethysmography based wristwatch tools in assessing physiological parameters during a simulated fatigue task. Methods: Ten university students (Mean age, 30.6 ± 1.7 years) participated in this pilot study. Participants were asked to perform a 30-minute of a simulated fatigue task in an experimental setup in a lab. The physiological parameters (e.g., heart rate, heart rate variability, respiratory rate, electrodermal activity, and skin temperature) were measured at baseline and immediately after the fatigue task. An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) was used to evaluate the test-retest reliability of each tool in assessing physiological measures. In addition, the responsiveness of each tool to measure changes from baseline to posttest was calculated using a standardized response mean. Results: The Equivital Lifemonitor has shown good to excellent test-retest reliability for the assessment of heart rate (ICC, 0.97), heart rate variability (ICC, 0.86), respiratory rate (ICC, 0.77), and local skin temperature (ICC, 0.76). However, photoplethysmography based wristwatch showed moderate to good test-retest reliability for the assessment of heart rate (ICC, 0.71), heart rate variability (ICC, 0.73), electrodermal activity (ICC, 0.80), and skin temperature (ICC, 0.72). A large standardized response mean (>0.8) indicates that both tools can capture the changes in heart rate, heart rate variability, respiratory rate, skin temperature, and electrodermal activity after a 30-minute of fatigue task. Conclusions: The Equivital Lifemonitor and photoplethysmography based wristwatch devices are reliable in measuring physiological parameters after the fatigue task. Additionally, both devices can capture the fatigue response after a simulated construction task. Future field studies with a larger sample should investigate the sensitivity and validity of these tools in measuring physiological parameters for fatigue assessment at construction sites.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.163-176
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized performance style Multiple Intelligences Test for preschoolers(MIT-P). A total of 270 preschoolers(3~5-years-old) participated in this study. Tools and procedures were developed to measure performance in 7 areas of multiple Intelligences(linguistic, mathematical, science, social, music, art and kinesthetic). The final test set included 138 items. Reliability of the MIT-P was relatively high(Cronbach alpha =.92). Intercorrelations among measures of the 7 areas indicated construct validity. Based on these results, the pilot study of MIT-P is considered adequate to form the basis of a new test that would help teachers and parents to identify children's strengths and weaknesses and may be useful for educational planning.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.851-855
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• 2002

A comparison of Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia dubia and Simocephalus mixtus toxicity test was performed to study the relative sensitivities and discrimination abilities with both pore and elutriate water of Woopo wetland sediments. Sediment risk assessment has been done by standardized preparation method of pore and elutriate water described in the joint US EPA-US Army Crops of Engineers manual. Simocephalus mixtus which was obtained from Woopo wetlands in Korea was cultured and applied to sediment toxicity test. Water quality in Woopo wetland had great site and seasonal variations. S. mixtus was more sensitive than D. magna in heavy metal toxicity test. The toxicity results with S. mixtus reflected the water quality of elutriate and pore water. The results also suggested that S. mixtus could be used as a test organism in estimating potential risk of contaminated sediments.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.42-47
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• 2012

The containment local leakage rate testing in nuclear power plants is performed in accordance with ANSI/ANS 56.8-1994 in Korea. Two methods, the make-up flow rate and the pressure decay, are used for local leakage rate testing. Though ANSI/ANS 56.8-1994 does not define clearly the minimum test duration for the make-up flow rate method, it requires obtaining the data after reaching the stable condition. Thus the prerequisite stable condition for data acquisition and the testing time is differently applied to each NPPs. Therefore, this study presents a standardized test procedure for data stabilization and testing time through experiments to improve the test reliability.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.613-617
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• 2016

Development-concerned parties, business managers and test evaluators have experienced conflicts among themselves due to the absence of standardized criteria for military electro-optical(EO) and infrared(IR) devices in test evaluation planning and evaluation phases. Therefore, establishment of objectified test and evaluation criteria for EO/IR devices is required. This paper applies South Korea's weather measurement average of minimum 15 km for visibility range, 3 bar from Johnson criteria for EO device and 4 bar from NATO's STANAG-4347 for IR device for target type, and 50 % probability for evaluation criteria, respectively. Based upon these criteria, this paper will establish suitable criteria that are improved for development weapon system in consideration of required capability of demanding forces and field environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.39-40
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• 2023

Recently, due to the advancement of buildings, finishing methods using stone are increasing. However, finishing methods are not standardized and rely on workers' arbitrary methods. In stone finishing, many building defects occur due to adhesion performance, so the adhesion performance of stones attached with epoxy is important. Therefore, in this study, the adhesion performance of stones attached with epoxy was evaluated by exposing them to various environments. As a result of the experiment, the test specimens exposed to thermal shock showed only 20% of the standard test specimens' adhesion performance, and the test specimens cured at high and low temperatures showed the standard test specimens. It was expressed in 65-80% of the test specimens. Therefore, the adhesion performance of stone using epoxy was found to be vulnerable to repeated harsh environments.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.285-299
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• 1999

The Effect of Curriculum with voluntary program on Self-Actualization in Nursing Students. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of the voluntary program experience with curriculum on self-actualization in nursing college students and to guide the desirable voluntary activity of college students. The research design utilized in this study was one group pretest-posttest design. The data were gathered two times with self-actualization test. First data were gathered before voluntary activity. And second data were gathered after instruction and five times voluntary activity. The data were analized by frequency, t-test, paired t-test and ANOVA using the SAS program. The results were as follows: The scores of self-actualization in nursing students belonged to normal range. Before voluntary activity, the scores were significantly higher than standardized group in Nature of Man, Constructive Scale (P<.001), and the scores were significantly lower than standardized group in Feeling Reactivity Scale(P<.05) and Capacity for Intimate Construct Sscale (P<.001). After the activity the scores were significantly higher than standardized group in Self Actualizing Values Scale(P<.001), Existentiality (P<.01), Spontaneity Scale (P<.001). Self Acceptance Scale(P<.05) and Nature of Man, Constructive Scale (P<.001). After the activity the scores were significantly increased more than before the activity in Inner Directed Scale (P<.001). Self Actualizing Values Scale (P<.001), Feeling Reactivity Scale (P<.001), Capacity for Intimate Construct Sscale (P<.001). Spontaneity Scale (P<.01), Time Competent Scale (P<.05) and Existentiality (P<.05). And the scores were not significantly increased more than before the activity in Self Regard Scale, Self Acceptance Scale and Nature of Man, Constructive Scale. The results of this study showed that voluntary activities were effective self-actualization. So, it is thought that voluntary program is necessary in the curriculum for nursing college students. This study suggests as follows : 1) It is necessary to inspect the self-actualization test after various experience of voluntary activity in college students. 2) It is necessary to grope the plans to activate the social service programs. 3) It is necessary to study continious and voluntary social service of college students.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.375-383
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• 2020

The study was to examine the mediating effect of self-efficacy in learning in the relationship between the learning satisfaction and motivation to transfer of nursing students who received the psychiatric nursing convergence simulation practicum using standardized patients. Participants were 144 third grade nursing students. Data were analyzed descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and multiple regression following the Baron and Kenny's method and Sobel test for mediation. There were significant correlations between learning satisfaction and self-efficacy in learning(r=.686, p<.001), learning satisfaction and motivation to transfer(r=.633, p<.001) and self-efficacy in learning and motivation to transfer(r=.804, p<.001). Self-efficacy in learning showed partial mediating effects in the relationship between learning satisfaction and motivation to transfer(Z=7.63, p<.001). To increase the motivation to transfer, strategies to enhance the self-efficacy of nursing students are required.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.592-601
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were to develop Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point-based standardized recipe applicable to cook/chilled soy sauceglazed mackerel and to evaluate the qualities related to the product flow of this item. After conducting experimental cooking, preliminary test, and analysis of recipes, critical control points were identified, control methods were determined, and HACCP-based recipe was standardized. At each critical control point, time-temperature profile was recorded and microbiological analysis (total aerobic plate counts, psychrotrophic plate count, coliform, and fecal coliform count), chemical analysis (pH, acid value and volatile based nitrogen (VBN)) and sensory evaluation of the item were done. Time-temperature data showed that the time the menu item had passed through temperature danger zone (5∼60$^{\circ}C$) during all phases was 60 min. At rapid cooling, but after cooling at room temperature, the temperature of this menu item did not drop below the ambient temperature. The results of microbiological test were negative throughout all phases following cooking and the results of chemical analysis did not change significantly in terms of storage periods except for VBN which increased on 7th day significantly(p<0.05). After steam/convection oven reheating and microwave oven reheating, the sensory score of the only appearance decreased significantly related to the storage time of overall quality profiles. But significant differences were not detected according to two reheating methods. In conclusion, this HACCP-based recipe was considered as an effective tool for assuring microbial as well as sensory quality of this cook/chilled item.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.294-304
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• 2023

Objective: We aimed to investigate whether image standardization using deep learning-based computed tomography (CT) image conversion would improve the performance of deep learning-based automated hepatic segmentation across various reconstruction methods. Materials and Methods: We collected contrast-enhanced dual-energy CT of the abdomen that was obtained using various reconstruction methods, including filtered back projection, iterative reconstruction, optimum contrast, and monoenergetic images with 40, 60, and 80 keV. A deep learning based image conversion algorithm was developed to standardize the CT images using 142 CT examinations (128 for training and 14 for tuning). A separate set of 43 CT examinations from 42 patients (mean age, 10.1 years) was used as the test data. A commercial software program (MEDIP PRO v2.0.0.0, MEDICALIP Co. Ltd.) based on 2D U-NET was used to create liver segmentation masks with liver volume. The original 80 keV images were used as the ground truth. We used the paired t-test to compare the segmentation performance in the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and difference ratio of the liver volume relative to the ground truth volume before and after image standardization. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was used to assess the agreement between the segmented liver volume and ground-truth volume. Results: The original CT images showed variable and poor segmentation performances. The standardized images achieved significantly higher DSCs for liver segmentation than the original images (DSC [original, 5.40%-91.27%] vs. [standardized, 93.16%-96.74%], all P < 0.001). The difference ratio of liver volume also decreased significantly after image conversion (original, 9.84%-91.37% vs. standardized, 1.99%-4.41%). In all protocols, CCCs improved after image conversion (original, -0.006-0.964 vs. standardized, 0.990-0.998). Conclusion: Deep learning-based CT image standardization can improve the performance of automated hepatic segmentation using CT images reconstructed using various methods. Deep learning-based CT image conversion may have the potential to improve the generalizability of the segmentation network.