• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.48-56
• /
• 1984

This paper considers one-sample and two-sample test for the logistic function by means of Kolmororov-Smirnov type statistics. The standard tables used for the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test are valid only when the function is completely specified; but they are not valid if the parameters of function are estimated from the sample. This note presents modified tables for the Kolmogorov-Sminov type staistic. These tables can be used to test the hypothesis that a sample comes from a logistic function when shape parameter $(\alpha)$ and location parameter $(\beta)$ must be estimated from the sample by the method of maximum likelihood. Monte Carlo method is employed to calculate the criticla values of the test. The tables of the critical values are provided.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.275-283
• /
• 2016

본 논문은 무릎보조기의 벨크로 및 잠금장치 강도에 대한 품질시험을 통해 향후 무릎보조기 품질 향상을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하는 목적으로 진행되었다. 본 연구에서는 사용자의 선호도가 높은 3가지의 무릎보조기를 대상으로 국내 표준화 규격인 KS K 1309의 인장 및 박리강도 시험, KS P 8408의 정적 굽힘 시험과 KS P 8411의 잠금장치강도시험을 인용하여 진행하였다. 연구 결과 KS K 1309에 의거하여 진행한 벨크로 인장 강도 및 박리 강도 시험은 모두 기준에 만족하는 결과 값이 나왔으나 KS P 8408을 인용한 정적 굽힘 시험의 경우 B(1,704.8 N) 검체를 제외한 A(865 N), C(833.3 N) 검체는 기준치(1,000 N)에 적합하지 않은 결과가 나타났으며, KS P 8411을 인용하여 진행한 잠금장치강도시험의 경우 A(41.9 N), B(97.4 N), C(54.8 N) 모든 검체에서 인용규격 기준치(200 N)에 부족한 결과가 관찰되었다. 결론적으로 국내 무릎보조기에 대한 공인된 규격 및 체계적인 시험검사 체계 운영이 부족하여 품질관리 측면에 문제점이 많은 것으로 시사되며 이 결과는 향후 무릎보조기의 품질 향상 및 잠금장치 강도에 대한 시험방법 개발과 국내 표준화 절차 초기 단계의 기초 데이터로 무릎보조기의 평가 기반을 구축하는데 유용하게 적용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.318-326
• /
• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 영아교사의 변인에 따라 표준보육과정의 영역별 내용에 대한 인식과 적용 실제를 조사하고, 영아교사의 표준보육과정 영역의 내용 이해도와 적용 실제 간에 차이를 분석하는 것이다. 연구대상은 전라남도의 어린이집에 근무하는 만 2세를 담당하는 영아교사 205명이다. 연구도구는 제3차 어린이집 표준 보육과정의 영역별 내용을 참고하여 연구목적에 적절하게 제작된 질문지를 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, 기술통계, 대응표본 t검증, 독립표본 t검증, F검증, Duncan 사후 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과를 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 영아교사의 표준보육과정의 영역별 내용에 대한 이해 수준은 높으며, 특히 영아교사의 학력이 높을수록 이해도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 영아교사의 표준보육과정의 영역별 내용에 대한 적용 수준은 비교적 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 영아교사의 표준 보육과정 영역별 내용에 대한 이해도와 적용 실제 간에는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.179-188
• /
• 2000

대기환경시료인 도시분진시료와 인공적으로 준비한 휠터상 도시분진시료중의 미량원소를 중성자방사화분석법을 사용하여 비파괴 분석하였다. 분석정도관리를 위하여 미국 표준기술원의 인증표준시료 (Urban Dust, NIST SRM 1648)를 이용하였다. 37종의 검출된 원소의 상대오차와 상대 표준편차를 계산하였으며 각각 10%와 15%이내이었다. 도시분진시료로부터 29종의 원소, 휠터상 도시분진시료로부터 21종의 원소를 정량하였다. 측정결과의 신뢰도 및 숙련도 평가를 위하여, 중성자방사화분석법, 하전입자유도 X-선방출분광법, X-선 형광분석법과 원자흡수분광법을 이용한 세계 39개 실험실이 참여한 실험실간 비교시험에 참여하였으며 수집된 결과를 통계처리하였다. 평균값과 표준편차로 계산한 z-score는 몇개의 원소를 제외하고 모두 -1

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.107-114
• /
• 2005

The uncertainty of measurement in quantitative analysis of ammonia by continuous-flow analysis method was evaluated following internationally accepted guidelines. The sources of uncertainty associated with the analysis of ammonia were the weighing of sample, the preparation of extracting solution, the addition of extracting solution into the sample, the reproducibility of analysis and the determination of water content in tobacco, etc. In calculating uncertainties, Type A of uncertainty was evaluated by the statistical analysis of a series of observation, and Type B by the information based on supplier's catalogue and/or certificated of calibration. It was shown that the main source of uncertainty was caused by the volume measurement of 1 mL and 2 mL, the purity of ammonia reference material in the preparation of standard solution, the reproducibility of analysis and the determination of water content of tobacco. The uncertainty in the addition of extraction solution, the sample weighing, the volume measurement of 50 mL and 100 mL, and the calibration curve of standard solution contributed relatively little to the overall uncertainty. The expanded uncertainty of ammonia determination in burley tobacco at $95\%$ level of confidence was $0.00997\%$.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.101-104
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to establish a rapid analysis method for determining protein and moisture contents of pea. Ninety and eighty pea (Pisum sativum L.) lines were analyzed to determine protein and moisture contents, respectively using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Simple correlations (${\gamma}$) of protein content in a ground sample and an intact grain sample by an automatic regression method were 0.978 and 0.910, respectively. Simple correlations by partial least square regression/principal component analysis (PLS/PCA) methods were 0.982 and 0.925, respectively. Standard error of performance (SEP) in protein content was the lowest value, 0.446 in ground sample by PLS/PCA methods. Simple correlation of moisture content was the highest at 0.871 in ground samples. when using a standard regression method. Accuracy for the moisture content was slightly lower than for protein content. It was concluded that the NIRS method would be applicable only for rapid determination of protein content in pea.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 1999

Using Fuji apple fruits cultivated in Kyungpook prefecture, the calibration model for firmness evaluation of fruits by near infrared(NIR) reflectance spectroscopy was developed, and the various influence factors such as instrument variety, measuring method, sample group, apple peel and selection of firmness point were investigated. Spectra of sample were recorded in wavelength range of 1100∼2500nm using NIR spectrometer (InfraAlyzer 500), and data were analyzed by stepwise multiple linear regression of IDAS program. The accuracy of calibration model was the highest when using sample group with wide range, and the firmness mean values obtained in graph by texture analyser(TA) were used as standard data. Chemometrics models were developed using a calibration set of 324 samples and an independent validation set of 216 samples to evaluate the predictive ability of the models. The correlation coefficients and standard error of prediction were 0.84 and 0.094kg, respectively. Using developed calibration model, it was possible to monitor the firmness change of fruits during storage frequently. Time, which was reached to firmness high value in graph by TA, is possible to use as new parameter for freshness of fruit surface during storage.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.58-66
• /
• 2020

Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop formaldehyde samples for quality control (QC) and to test the applicability of proficiency analytical testing in Korea. Methods: We made formaldehyde samples with certified standard solutions (formaldehyde in water or acetonitrile) and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH)-coated silicagel tubes. Four levels of formaldehyde concentration were tested for storage stability at room temperature and at 4℃ over three months. Analytical proficiency testing was performed with four or 36 institutes. Results: Formaldehyde sample tubes were easily made through the injection of standard solutions and the average efficiencies of recovery were 95-101%. The coefficients of variation (CV) of the formaldehyde samples were 1.39-2.55%. The recovery efficiencies fell between 90% and 110% at the concentration range of 1-10 ㎍/sample over three months storage at refrigerated and room temperature. The CVs were less than 5% in the proficiency analytical testing. By adjusted proficient ranges, 64% of the results of the second proficiency analytical testing were acceptable. Conclusions: The formaldehyde samples made by injection on 2,4-DNPH-coated silicagel tubes were stable and applicable for quality control.

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 1999

This study was carried out to analyze chemical components in burley tobacco using near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS). Samples were collected in '96 and '97 crop year. Calibration equations were developed by modified partial least square. The standard error performance(SEP) of '96 crop year samples between NIRS and standard laboratory analysis were 0.25% for nicotine, 0.18% for total nitrogen, 0.59% for crude ash, 0.32% for ether extracts, and 0.14% for chlorine, respectively. The analytical results of '97 crop year samples were similar to those of '96 crop year samples. The analytical result of '97 crop year samples analyzed by '96 calibration equation was more inaccurate than that of '96 crop year samples. The SEP of '96 or '97 crop year samples applying calibration equation derived from '96 plus '97 crop year samples was similar to that of '96 or '97 crop year samples analyzed by '96 or '97 calibration equation, respectively. The SEP of '97 crop year samples analyzed by calibration equation derived from '96 plus '97 crop year samples was more accurate than that of '97 crop year samples analyzed by '96 calibration equation. To improve the analytical inaccuracy caused by the difference of crop year between calibration and prediction samples, we need to include the prediction sample spectra which were different from calibration sample spectra in recalibration sample spectra, and then develop recalibration equation. The NIRS can apply to analyze burley leaf tobacco, leaf process or tobacco manufacturing process which were required the rapid analytical result.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.236-242
• /
• 2021

In this paper, we report the fabrication of the tip-on-gate of a field-effect-transistor (ToGoFET) probe using a standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process and the performance evaluation of the fabricated probe. After the CMOS process, I-V characteristic measurement was performed on the reference MOSFET. We confirmed that the ToGoFET probe could be operated at a gate voltage of 0 V due to channel ion implantation. The transconductance at the operating point (Vg = 0 V, Vd = 2 V) was 360 ㎂/V. After the fabrication process was completed, calibration was performed using a pure metal sample. For sensitivity calibration, the relationship between the input voltage of the sample and the output current of the probe was determined and the result was consistent with the measurement result of the reference MOSFET. An oxide sample measurement was performed as an example of an application of the new ToGoFET probe. According to the measurement, the ToGoFET probe could spatially resolve a hundred nanometers with a height of a few nanometers in both the topographic image and the ToGoFET image.