• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.411-418
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• 2007

The most scientific and reliable method for deciding the tooth color is the instrumental measurement. However, such color measuring instrument shows the difference of the measuring value according to the diversified measuring condition. This study was conducted to evaluate what effect of the labial surface irregularity of the tooth to the result of the color measured by spectrometer. 11 models of the teeth were made by injecting the A2 shade Luxatemp Automix Plus (DMG, Germany) into the impression acquired from 11 adults. Standard disk samples (15 mm diameter, 7 mm thickness) were made with same material. CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ value was measured at the incisal, central, and gingival area of the central incisor, lateral incisor, canine and first premolar using Specbos 2100 (JETI, Germany) spectrometer. Color difference was calculated between labial surface and standard samples. Among all models of the teeth, $L^*\;and\;b^*$ value showed the reducing tendency as they go toward the gingival area, but $a^*$ value showed the increasing tendency. Color difference between model teeth and standard samples showed the most difference at the incisal area, but the gingival area showed the least difference. And the canine showed the least color difference from the comparison of standard sample, and the central incisor showed the highest difference (p < 0.01). Although the visually detectable difference of the measuring value showed notably depending on the type and measured area (p < 0.05), $L^*\;and\;a^*$ value showed notable differences depending more on the measured areas than on the type of the teeth.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.52-71
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• 2020

This study examines the color characteristics of the usage of the color pink in menswear by analyzing its usage status and method. It involves an empirical research method establishing the frame of the study through a document study centered on trend, gender neutral considerations, and the utilization of the color pink in men's fashion, by analyzing the characteristics of color and tone by extracting the pink color shown in menswear collections as well as analyzing and categorizing the fashion image and genderless characteristics. Analyzing the color and tone of the pink color shown indicate that bright, light and pale tones had higher proportions. Pink color can also be said to be utilized as a design element that gives off a younger and more vital color image in menswear. Further, the use of brighter and softer pink colors can be interpreted as reflecting modern society's demands of masculinity to change into a more sophisticated and soft image. To analyze the characteristics of the color pink utilized in gender neutral fashion, fashion images were presented as the analysis standard. An image grouping technique was used to classify pink while utilizing genderless types-fashion style. The result showed that even with the same pink color, the fashion image can vary with different methods of expression in terms of clothes and styling. The results of this study can serve as basic data for planning fashion design concepts as it analyzed pink-using fashion images and the genderless concept type.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.149-159
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• 2008

We present new methods which transfer the color style of a source image into an arbitrary given reference image. Misidentification problem of color cause wrong indexing in low saturation. Therefore, the proposed method do indexing after Image separating chromatic and achromatic color from saturation. The proposed method is composed of the following four steps : In the first step, Image separate chromatic and achromatic color from saturation using threshold. In the second step, image of separation do indexing using cylindrical metric. In the third step, the number and positional dispersion of pixel decide the order of priority for each index color. And average and standard deviation of each index color be calculated. In the final step, color be transferred in Lab color space, and post processing to removal noise and pseudo-contour. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective on indexing and color transfer.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.672-679
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• 2011

In this paper, detection algorithm of face region based on skin color of in the TV images is proposed. In the first, reference image is set to the sampled skin color, and then the extracted of face region is candidated using the Euclidean distance between the pixels of TV image. The eye image is detected by using the mean value and standard deviation of the component forming color difference between Y and C through the conversion of RGB color into CMY color model. Detecting the lips image is calculated by utilizing Q component through the conversion of RGB color model into YIQ color space. The detection of the face region is extracted using basis of knowledge by doing logical calculation of the eye image and lips image. To testify the proposed method, some experiments are performed using front color image down loaded from TV color image. Experimental results showed that face region can be detected in both case of the irrespective location & size of the human face.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.08c
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• pp.631-635
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• 2004

The rapid development of digital media and communication network urgently brings about the need of data certification technology to protect IPR (Intellectual property right). This paper proposed a new watermarking method for embedding contents owner's audio signal in order to protect color image IPR. Since this method evolves the existing static model and embeds audio signal of big data, it has the advantage of restoring signal transformed due to attacks. Three basic stages of watermarking include: 1) Encode analogue ID owner's audio signal using PCM and create new 3D audio watermark; 2) Interleave 3D audio watermark by linear bit expansion and 3) Transform Y signal of color image into wavelet and embed interleaved audio watermark in the low frequency band on the transform domain. The results demonstrated that the audio signal embedding in color image proposed in this paper enhanced robustness against lossy JPEG compression, standard image compression and image cropping and rotation which remove a part of image.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 2017

Autonomous driving vehicle research demands complex road and lane understanding such as lane departure warning, adaptive cruise control, lane keeping and centering, lane change and turn assist, and driving under complex road conditions. A fast and robust road lane detection subsystem is a basic but important building block for this type of research. In this paper, we propose a method that performs road lane detection from black box input. The proposed system applies Random Sample Consensus to find the best model of road lanes passing through divided regions of the input image under HSV color model. HSV color model is chosen since it explicitly separates chromaticity and luminosity and the narrower hue distribution greatly assists in later segmentation of the frames by limiting color saturation. The implemented method was successful in lane detection on real world on-board testing, exhibiting 86.21% accuracy with 4.3% standard deviation in real time.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 1998

Color indexes and effective temperatures for 25 standard stars have been determined as a pilot project which show a relationship between color index and effective temperature in ultraviolet region. The effective temperature was determined by comparing energy distribution curves derived from the IUE low dispersion spectra with Kurucz atmosphere model. The UV color index was deduced by integrating fluxes in $300{\AA}$ interval of the IUE low disperion spectra. The relation between color index and effective temperature in ultraviolet is similar with that of optical region.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 1984

Reproduced colors which are half-tone dot printed at the rate of 10, 20, 30, 100% half-tone dot area by each process ink-cyan, magenta and yellow ant at the rate of 10, 20, 30, 100% by the mean color mixing of black, cyan, magenta and yellow, are colorimetric analyzed by make use of the 1931 CIE XYZ system of color specification and matching the Munsell color system. With increased half-tone areas, 1. Yellow has ideal reflectance curve, but magneta has nonideal reflectance curve. 2. Yellow and cyan have almost standard dominant wavelengths but magenta has complementary wavelengths. 3. Yellow has higher excitation purities in primary colors, but low excitation purities in secondary and third colors. 4. Value function is decreased and generally the range of value function in chromaticity diafgram is extented. 5. The properties of black and CMY printed materials have not equality, therefore black process ink is necessery in half-tone printing process.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.182-196
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• 2003

This study is about color-image of chilled noodle packages. The improvement of living standard has lead the development of food industry, which has changed consumer's way of thinking toward food products and made clear the preference for food which was obscure before. In the past, the the right of choice for the products were not given to consumers in the market. But today, the market initiatives have been transferred to consumers. They are allowed to purchase their favorite products as the markets provide them with diversified products. Consequently, the importance of package design has increased. Color-image of chilled noodle packages stimulates consumers to purchase the products by offering necessary information which is very important as it is supposed to provide consumers with a good impression about the products.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.363-366
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• 2003

We propose the system that automatically adjusts the white balance on display products to a standard value according to several nations. We replace manual or semi-auto method with fully automatic method using windows application program. And we use RS-232C serial interface to communicate PC with display products which we want to adjust white balance. The PC generates patterns for measuring color information and Color Analyzer measures color and brightness. This value is transmitted through RS-232C serial interface to PC. The PC's algorithm analyzes this information and then decides which RGB Gain value is best for optimal white balance. This RGB Gain value is transmitted through RS-232C serial interface to display products. The modified color value is measured again and feed back to PC. This sequence is repeated until optimum white balance is obtained.