• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제97권2호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2008

The characterization of tree species and forest stand conditions is useful in the planning of activities aimed to conserve biodiversity. The main objective of this study was to describe tree species diversity, species composition and stand structure of tropical deciduous forests distributed in three regions in Myanmar. Forest inventory was conducted in the Oktwin teak bearing forest, the Letpanpin community forest and Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park. According to the Jackknife estimator of species richness, 85 species (${\pm}18.16$), 70 species (${\pm}5.88$) and 186 species (${\pm}17.10$) belonging to 31 families were found in the Oktwin teak bearing forest, 33 families in Letpanpin community forest and 53 families in Alaungdaw Kathapa national park, respectively. Shannon's diversity indices were significantly different among the forests (p<0.05). It ranged from 3.36 to 4.36. Mean tree density (n/ha) of the Oktwin teak bearing forest, Letpanpin community forest and Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park were 488 (${\pm}18.6$), 535 (${\pm}15.6$) and 412 (${\pm}14.1$), while basal areas per hectare were $46.96m^2({\pm}3.23),\;49.01m^2({\pm}5.08)\;and\;60.03m^2({\pm}3.88)$, respectively. At the family level, Verbenaceae, Myrtaceae and Combretaceae occupied the highest importance value index, while at the species level it was Tectona grandis, Lagerstoremia speciosa and Xylia xylocarpa.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2000

임상이 서로 다른 임분에서 딱정벌레군집 구조를 해석하였다. 딱정벌레과의 전체 종수 및 개체수는 소나무림에서 10속 23종 1,1627개체, 잣나무림에서 11속 23종 418개체, 일본잎갈나무림에서 11속 25종 782개체, 참나무림에서 12속 25종 1,383개체 이었다. 소나무림에서 우점종들은 Synuchus cycloderus(19.8%), Synuchus nitidus(16.6%), Pterostichus pertirax(16.2%), 잣나무림 Pterostichus sp. 1(27.9%), Synuchus nitidus(24.4%), Synuchus cycloderus(10.2%), 일본잎갈나무림 Synuchus sp.1(40.0%), Synuchus nitidus(9.3%), Pterostichus sp.1(7.4%), 참나무림 Pterostichus sp.2(17.4%), Synuchus cycloderus(14.4%), Pterostichus pertirax(14.1%) 이었다. Shannon지수 (H') 및 균등도지수(J')는 소나무림 2.11, 0.64 잣나무림 2.25, 0.72, 일본잎갈나무림 2.23, 0.69, 참나무림 2.32, 0.72로 조사되었으며, 유사도지수는 잣나무와 참나무림에서 0.66으로 낮았으며, 소나무림과 일본잎갈나무림에서 0.83으로 가장 높았다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2013

The correlation between disturbance intensity and stand development was evaluated on the basis of natural forest community type classification in areas of Baekhaksan (more disturbed area) and Hwangaksan (less disturbed area). The vegetation data were collected by point-centered quarter sampling method, and they were subjected to cluster analysis for classifying community types and to analysis of species composition and species diversity for reviewing ecological characteristics. By the method of cluster analysis, natural forests of Baekhaksan were classified into Quercus forest community, Pinus densiflora community, Q. variabilis community, and Q. mongolica community. Those of Hwangaksan were divided into P. densiflora community, Q. mongolica community, Q. forest community, and Mixed mesophytic community. It is presumed that more developed and less disturbed forest area shows multiple species community pattern and more diversified structure than less developed and more disturbed forest area. In Korean peninsula, the abundance of red pine may play an important indicator to estimate the developmental pattern of the forest after artificial disturbance. The overall evaluation indicated that less disturbed Hwangaksan area had more developed stand pattern with mixed mesophytic community, more complicated species composition, and higher species diversity than Baekhaksan area.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

We studied natural and plantation forest ecosystem of Sarguja in Chhattisgarh, India in order to understand how vegetation biomass, carbon stock and its allocation patterns vary among the sites. For this, stratified random sampling was opted to measure the different layers of vegetation. Wide floral diversity was found in the natural forest site as compared to the teak stand. Overall, 17 tree species found in natural forest comprising 8 families while in the teak stand 6 species were recorded. In understory strata 23 species were recorded (18 herbs and 5 shrubs) in natural forest whereas in teak stand 20 herb species and 3 shrubs were found. Great variation was also seen in the population dynamics of the different vegetation stratum in concerned sites. The sapling, seedling and herb density was found to be highest in natural stand while tree and shrub density was more in teak stand. Results indicated that stand biomass of the natural site was $321.19t\;ha^{-1}$ while in the teak stand it was $276.61t\;ha^{-1}$. The total biomass of tree layer in plantation site was $245.22t\;ha^{-1}$ and natural forest $241.44t\;ha^{-1}$. The sapling, seedling, shrub and forest floor biomass was found highest under natural forest as compared to the teak plantation site. Carbon stock has similar trend as that of biomass accumulation in natural forest and teak stand. Higher biomass accumulation and carbon stock were recorded in the higher girth class gradation of the population structure. Proper efforts are required to manage these diverse ecosystems to obtain higher biomass and sustainable ecological services.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2004

본 연구는 경남 거제지역 붉은고로쇠나무림의 생육 적지에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 토양특성과 식생구조 등 생태적 환경을 조사하였다 붉은고로쇠나무는 해발 150∼300m의 북사면에 주로 분포하며, 암반노출 도는 80% 이상이었다 붉은고로쇠나무의 토양 pH, 유기물 및 전질소 함량은 각각 5.17, 8.7%, 0.38%로 나타났다 유효인산은 낮은 토양 pH로 인해 15.7ppm으로 나타났다. 전 층위에 공통적으로 출현한 종은 붉은고로쇠나무, 나도밤나무, 느티나무, 때죽나무, 사람주나무, 비목, 참회나무 등 1종이었다. 각 충위별 중요치는 상층에서 붉은고로쇠나무가 가장 높았고, 느티나무, 졸참나무, 합다리나무 순으로 높게 나타났다 중층과 하층에 있어서는 사람주나무와 나도밤나무의 중요치가 상대적으로 높게 나타났다 층위별 종다양도는 상층 0.933, 중층 0.931, 하층 1.638이며 균재도는 상층 0.706, 중충 0.894 그리고 하층 0.959로 나타났다. 이들 결과는 우리나라의 거제도에만 자생하고 있는 붉은 고로쇠나무의 토양환경과 식생구조에 관한 기초적인 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.131-134
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• 2000

Forest vegetation in Korea can be largely divided into warm temperate, cool temperate and frigid forest zone. The cool temperate forest zone of them occupies the largest part of the Korean peninsula and it is generally divided into three subdivisions such as northern, central and southern subzone. The Forestry Research Institute established three long-term ecological research sites at Kwangnung Experiment Forest in the central subzone of the cool temperate forest zone, at the Mt. Kyebangsan Forest in the northern subzone of the cool temperate forest zone. and at the Mt. Keumsan Forest in the warm temperate forest zone. The objectives of long-term ecological research in the Forestry Research Institute, Korea are to study long-term changes of the forest ecosystems in energy fluxes, water and nutrient cycling, forest stand structure, biological diversity, to quantify nutrient budgets and fluxes among forest ecosystem compartments and to integrate ecological data with a GIS - assisted model. To achieve the objectives, forest stand dynamics. environmental changes in soil properties, stream water quality, nutrient cycling, air pollution and biological diversity have been investigated and plant phonology as an indicator of climate change has been monitored in the LTER sites.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제108권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

본 연구는 국립환경과학원에서 실시한 국가 장기 생태 연구를 위해 구축된 한라산 영실 구상나무림 1 ha ($100m{\times}100m$)를 대상으로 흉고직경급 분포, 수간건강상태, 중요치, 종다양도 분석을 통해 6년간(2011~2017)의 임분 구조 및 동태를 비교하기 위하여 실시하였다. 흉고직경급 분포에서 구상나무는 20-25 cm 직경급을 제외하고 모든 직경급에서 개체수의 감소가 나타났으며, 총 개체수의 변화도 780개체에서 655개체로 감소하였다. 수간건강상태에서 구상나무의 곧게 서서 생육하는 개체(AS)의 비율이 652개체(66.1 %)에서 546개체(60.2 %)로 감소한 반면에 곧게 서서 고사한 개체(DS)의 비율은 106개체(10.7 %)에서 126개체(13.9 %)로, 쓰러져 고사한 개체(DF)의 비율은 16개체(1.6 %)에서 47개체(5.2 %)로 각각 증가하였다. 구상나무의 중요치는 2011년 45.9 %에서 2017년 43.5 %로 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 종다양도의 경우, 2011년 0.513에서 2017년 0.519로 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 2011년에서 2017년까지 6년간의 변화를 살펴보았을 때, 한라산 영실지역에서 구상나무의 세력 약화는 흉고직경급 분포, 수간건강상태, 중요치 등 많은 측면에서 뒷받침 되고 있으며, 앞으로 생태계 변화에 의한 영향을 구명하기 위한 장기적인 모니터링 및 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2011

Habitats loss and fragmentation are major threats to biodiversity. There are various kinds of environmental assessment have been developed for various problems to solve. Yet, there are no well-developed methods for quantifying and predicting about biodiversity. To achieve a sustainable conservation for biodiversity, the structural diversity of forest must be assessed by proper indexes. This study aim to quantitatively assess the diversity of forest structure as habitats and results of the verification by bird survey for objective presentation of evidence. As a result of literature review, some indexes were selected as potential prediction tools for biodiversity; area of patch, area of core regions, shape of patch and average age of stand. The assessment results were estimated by monitoring of birds for accuracy verification and the results were almost in agreement with each others. But, 1 and 2 level of forests were showed ambiguous results. Certainly, this study was limited in some valuation indexes on landscape scale. Further studies should be considered that different environmental factors such as land use, disturbances by human and vegetation index. Also, we expect that the additional monitoring of birds should give rise to the result which is improved assessment results.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.979-997
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• 2013

This study aims at classifying and interpreting on the vegetation structure, the correlation between a vegetation and an environment, a species diversity and a life-form of Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest(EBLF) located in Gageo-do Island. It is also the objective that the estimation of vegetation change founded on the species composition and characteristics. The vegetation of EBLF was classified into three forests or four community units as Machilus thunbergii forest (Polystichum polyblepharon-M. thunbergii community and Phaenosperma globosum-M. thunbergii community), Ilex integra-Castanopsis sieboldii community, Quercus acuta community and Neolitsea sericea stand. The ordination analysis by DCA is analogous with the vegetation structure analysis. As a result of the correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient) with environmental conditions, the Altitude has the significance with the distribution of communities. The total vegetation change by progress of succession will not be wandered away from the present vegetation structure practically, and the vegetation on the underlayers will be a little changed.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1097-1103
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• 2006

Community structure varies not only in space but also in time. We stand in one position which located at Sinhung-ri, Sacheon-ci and observe the flora of area as time passes. This area begins after disturbance on sites where organisms are already present like secondary succession. In 2001, there are invaded by Trapa japonica, Salvinia natans, and Potamogon cristatus. Four or five years later, this abandoned areas support of clover, pine, and oak, resulting in a shifting pattern of species dominance and diversity through time. Patterns of community structure such as species composition and ecological diversity have shown through seasons and five years, that is the topic of this study. The values of turnover (TO) were changes through time intervals at three regions. The gradual and seemingly directional change in the structure of the community through time from aquatic like to field. Thus, we can observe the process of secondary succession at Sinhung-ri in the very short time.