• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.123-137
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• 1992

We analyzed a time series composed of the annual precipitations of Seoul based on the measurements of a Korean raingage and a modern raingage. The precipitations measured with a Korean raingage for the period of 1771 to 1907 are followed by the precipitations with a modern raingage for the period of 1908 to 1990. The latter part of the time series of annual precipitations were obtained from a book for annual precipitations of Korea by Korea Meteorological Administration and the former from Wada's table 1 for monthly precipitations reproduced from the daily rainfall measurements by a Korean raingage for the period of the Yi Dynasty. In our analysis three different precipitation regimes clearly stand out of the entire period. In order to define objectively the period of each precipitation regime we made a time series of 9 year moving averages from the above time series. By taking into account the shapes of the moving average time series and by using a threshold value of annual precipitation 1050 mm, we defined three precipitation regimes of wet period 1(WP1), dry period (DP), and wet period 2 (WP2). The WP1 and WP2 show very similar characteristics in out statistical analyses. On the other hand, DP is very different from the two periods in many statistical aspects. The strong similarities of the WP1 and WP2 regimes in the magnitudes of statistical parameters and in the shapes of their power spectrum distribution are supporting very positively the soundness of precipitation amounts measured with a Korean raingage in spite of numerous conceivable errors which might have been introduced into measurements of precipitation due to changes of observation site and environment, the scale of units employed, and urbanization of Seoul, etc. However, the annual precipitation amounts are not enough to examine throughly the characteristic of precipitation variations during the two regimes. It is definitely necessarly to recover the daily amounts of precipitation, based on two or three times measurements of rainfall with a Korean raingage, scattered in various ancient documents such as the official diary of 'Seungjeong-weon'

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-111
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• 2021

This study was conducted to develop a habitat type classification system and its map based on the ecological characteristics of species, spatial type, vegetation, topography, and geological conditions preferred by species. To evaluate the relationships between species and their habitats in Korean national parks, we prepared a classification standard table for systematic classification of habitat types. This classification system divides habitats into 6 low-level and 59 mid-level ecological classes based on habitat structure. The mid-level system divided forest ecosystems into 20 subtypes, stream and wetland ecosystems into 8 types, coastal ecosystems into 7 types, arable land into 6 types, development land into 9 types, and 1 type of marine ecosystem. A habitat classification map was drawn utilizing square images, detailed vegetation maps, and forest stand maps, based on the above habitat classification system, and it covered 1,461 plots spanning 21 national parks. The habitat classification system and survey protocol, which consider domestic habitat conditions, should be further developed and applied to habitat assessment, to enhance the utility of this study.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.148-169
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to understand characteristics and trends of calligraphy styles through the analysis of handwriting. Renowned Calligraphy of Korea (海東名迹, Haedong Myeongjeok) is the first collection of famous Korean calligraphers' masterpieces and was published by Shin Gongje (申公濟, 1469-1536) in the early sixteenth century. While my previous studies have focused on analyzing the publishing backgrounds of and differences among the wood block editions and stone-carved editions of the various remaining copies of Renowned Calligraphy of Korea, this study examines the calligraphy style in the early Joseon period as represented within the collection itself. This study tries to identify the aspects of style transitions among two categories of calligraphy: (1) the calligraphy style of scribes who were in charge of documentation in the central administrative institutions (館閣) and (2) the calligraphy style passed down among the Goryeong Shin clan (高靈申氏). This study verifies that various styles which emerged based on the influence of the revivalism of the late Yuan dynasty gained acceptance in the early Joseon period while the traditional Wang Xizhi style was still in use. The most notable revelation of this study is that the calligraphy style of Kangli Naonao (康里??), a Yuan dynasty calligrapher from a remote region to the west of China, appears to have become acceptable during this period. Indeed, various Yuan dynasty styles were flowing into Korea during the late Goryeo and the early Joseon period that stand in contrast to Zhao Mengfu's "pine-snow calligraphy style." Finally, the authenticity of the Eo Sukguan (魚叔權)'s record in A Storyteller's Miscellany (稗官雜記, Paegwanjapgi) is reviewed in this study. Eo claims that writing attributed to Park Gyeong in Renowned Calligraphy of Korea was actually Shin Jageon's. However, the analysis of the relationship between Shin and Park based on their backgrounds and their political positions suggests that Eo's claim is not valid.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.137
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• pp.277-321
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• 2016

Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy embraces characteristics of existential philosophy and philosophical anthropology. In his book "Thus Spoke Zarathustra", Nietzsche defined human beings as an existence with innate possibility for change, beings that stand at the borderline between "the last man" and "the ${\ddot{u}}bermensch$", raising a question over the meaning of human being's existential healthiness. The anthropological symptoms that Nietzsche's philosophy deals with trigger existential problems, and healing these anthropological symptoms is a precedent to healing an existence. In Nietzsche's philosophy, the ${\ddot{u}}bermensch$ is presented as a prototype of practical man with a healthy existence, born from endeavors to heal the last man prototype of a decadence that was prevalent throughout Europe at the time. Nietzsche found the root cause of nihilism found in Europe in philosophy, religion, metaphysics, and Christianity, and attempted a genealogical investigation on this aspect. In so doing, a philosophical problem surfaced whereby only one truth was used to force diverse existential styles into a uniform style. Nietzsche intensively criticized philosophy and philosophers that only studied truths from metaphysical-Christian-moral perspectives, as they overlooked the foundation of true existence and presented human beings of a feeble mind and will as a result. Nietzsche emphasized the practical role of philosophy that can contribute to the human being's ascent and growth based on realistic conditions of human existence described as the earth, that philosophy that can serve as a basis for existential transformation of human beings and their lives. The task of philosophers is to lay the groundwork for the possibility of changes for all human beings and their realization. This existential practical foundation of philosophy can be called the ${\ddot{u}}bermensch$, as it is healthy man, the "greatest reality" as Nietzsche desired.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.3
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• pp.349-356
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• 2019

This study examines the effect of thinning in terms of changes in the growth characteristics of Chamaecyparis obtusa stands after they were thinned with varying intensity in Gochang, North Jeolla Province, Korea. Thinning was carried out in 2000 on Chamaecyparis obtusa stands (22 years old), and the stands were categorized in terms of the thinning intensity in the experiment: very heavy, heavy, medium, light, and control. The results of monitoring up to 2018 revealed that the diameter at breast height and the growth rate of individual trees after thinning had a positive correlation with the thinning intensity, whereas the stand volume showed a negative correlation. The height to diameter (H/D) ratio decreased by up to 70-80 due to the increased diameter at breast height after thinning and thereby resulted in better quality. The relative yield index right after the first thinning was between 0.75 and 0.95, which suggests the best timing for the first thinning had been missed. This study's findings are expected to serve as a basic reference in establishing the thinning system for Chamaecyparis obtusa forests.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.138-148
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• 2021

In this paper, the basic narrative of The Sweet Home is the story that the residents of the apartment fight and survive the monsters in the isolated circumstances from the outside. This paper analysed the narrative and revealed the characteristics of the NETFLIX drama, The Sweet Home, and dealt with the ethics of contagion, core issue of the drama. Firstly, in the drama Sweet Home, the boundary between the men and the monsters collapses from the contagion. The drama shows the aspects of the apocalyptical world through the optical images, and reveals the main contagion cause is the desire and fury of the human to dominate the others. In the drama, we can see the duality that the characters sometimes stand in solidarity with, and often abuse the others. This story reflects the times after 2000s that the boundary between the man and the monster eclipses. Secondly, the drama shows that the ethics of the others popping up after the contagion is violent and thus can go to the totalitarianism. When the residents are shot by the troopers of the nation, the governmental authority shows its brutality. In this situation, the residents recognize their past behaviors and embrace the others. However, in the point that the characters' selfless behaviors could cover up the complaints and the fury of young generations after 2000s, The Sweet Home is a problematic drama.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.485-492
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• 2021

The wind turbines with a rated capacity of 50kW or less are generally considered as small class. Small wind turbines are an attractive alternative for off-grid power system and electric home appliances, both as stand-alone application and in combination with other energy technologies such as energy storage system, photovoltaic, small hydro or diesel engines. The research objective is to develop the 50kW scale wind turbine blades in ways that resemble as closely as possible with the construction and methods of utility scale turbine blade manufacturing. The mold process based on wooden form is employed to create a hollow, multi-piece, lightweight design using carbon fiber and fiberglass with an epoxy based resin. A hand layup prototyping method is developed using high density foam molds that allows short cycle time between design iterations of aerodynamic platforms. A production process of five blades is manufactured and key components of the blade are tested by IEC 61400-23 to verify the appropriateness of the design. Also, wind system with developed blades is tested by IEC 61400-12 to verify the performance characteristics. The results of blade and turbine system test showed the available design conditions for commercial operation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.522-527
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• 1997

To find out the optimum seeding rate in corrugated water seeded rice, field experiment was carried out at Yeongdeog Substation of the National Yeongnam Agricultural Experiment Station for two years, 1994 and 1995. A rice cultivar Donghaebyeo, was seeded on May 15 with five seeding rate from 3kg /10a to 7kg /10a. The number of seedling stand per unit area was curvilinearly increased with seeding rate. In characteristics of rice plant associated with lodging, the plant height, fresh weight per tiller, Culm wall thickness and ratio of gravity center were not significantly different among seeding rates, but the breaking strength of 4th internode was slightly decreased with increasing seeding rate and thus, lodging index was generally greater at higher seeding rate than lower seeding rate. Field lodging was observed at 1~3 degree in seeding rate of 5~7kg /10a. Panicle number per unit area was generally increase with increase of seeding rate, while ratio of ripened grain was decreased with increase of spikelet number. Milled rice yield was curvilinearly increased with seeding rate. The optimum seeding rate in the highest rice yield was 4.8kg /10a in 1994, and 4.3kg /a in 1995, respectively.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.72
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• pp.97-115
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the trends of Christian education research during the COVID-19 period. To this end, 172 theses published in the "Journal of Christian Education" and "Korea Society for Christian Education & Information Technology" pub-lished between March 2020 and June 2022 were analyzed according to the subfields and research methods of Christian education. As a result of the analysis, 38.5% of the total papers belonged to theories of Christian education. Papers related to practice of Christian education was 61.5%. Looking more closely at Christian education practice, papers related to classification by 'developmental stage' accounted for 25%, 'education field' accounted for 55.2%, 'function' accounted for 40.7% of the total papers. Regarding the classification of research methods, literature research accounted for 62.7% of the total studies, survey research methods accounted for 21.5%. Based on this, the main conclusions found in this study are as follows. First, the problems caused by the emergence and spread of the coronavirus began to be reflected in Christian education studies. Second, it was confirmed that the research method of Christian education, which had been biased toward liter-ature research, was recently converted from theory-centered to an attempt to balance theory and practice, and as convergence research increased, research topics and re-search methods were diversifying. Third, it was confirmed the need for category stand-ards that can analyze and classify studies in order to identify trends in Christian education research. Lastly, when considering all the papers, there are not many papers that fall under the classification by characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.223-238
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• 2006

For a public library. which is a regional information service agency. to acquire high competitiveness, preparation for uncertainties of future through understanding its own internal strengths and weaknesses. and external opportunities and threats based on assessments regarding knowledge information environment and characteristics of regional community. current status of the library, etc. Therefore. in this study, through SWOT analysis. one of competitive strategy analysis methods, the status of competitive strategy of C library was analyzed. In order to carry out the study interview and survey were performed with professional librarians, then through final consultations from management consulting experts, a plan to strengthen competitiveness for C library was devised. Conclusions from this study were as below. In order to strengthen competitiveness of C library offering distinguished high quality services through active cooperations with external institutions, efforts to improve library's position and stand following being selected as a library to visit for 2006 World Library and Information Congress, and revitalization of library usage through providing user oriented differentiated services are needed.