• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2016

This study presents an experiment investigation on natural convection heat transfer of air-cooling Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) in a enclosure system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Considered are replacing fuel cell stack with Aluminum block for heat generating inside a enclosure chamber. The volume ratio of fuel cell stack and chamber for simulation to the actual size of aerial vehicle is 1 to 15. The parameters considered for experimental study are the environmental temperature range from $25^{\circ}C$ to $-60^{\circ}C$ and the block heat input of 10 W, 20 W and 30 W. Effect of the thermal conductivity of the block and power level on heat transfer in the chamber are investigated. Experimental results illustrate the temperature rise at various locations inside the chamber as dependent upon heat input of fuel cell stack and environmental temperature. From the results, dimensionless correlation in natural convection was proposed with Nusselt number and Rayleigh number for designing air-cooling PEMFC powered high altitude long endurance (HALE) UAV.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.250-252
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• 2015

다양한 분야에서 활발히 연구되는 빅 데이터와 최근 이슈가 되고 있는 딥러닝(Deep-learning) 등은 컴퓨터공학 분야뿐만 아니라 다양한 분야와 접목하여 이에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 대규모 클러스터를 통하여 빅데이터와 딥러닝 같은 계산 집약적인(computational-intensive) 작업을 빠르게 처리할 수 있다. 하지만 대규모 클러스터의 잦은 유휴상태는 클러스터의 활용률은 매우 낮아지게 한다. 본 논문에서는 작업 실행 시간 개선과 클러스터 활용 효율성을 향상시키는 HTCondor 클러스터를 위한 동적 자원 스케줄링 기법을 제안한다. 동적으로 자원 할당을 위해 가상머신으로 HTCondor 클러스터 환경을 구성하였으며, 가상머신의 관리를 위해 OpenStack을 사용하였다. OpenStack기반 HTCondor 클러스터 환경에서 HTCondor Python API와 OpenStack Python API를 사용하여 우리가 제안하는 동적 자원 스케줄링 기법을 구현하였으며, 실험을 통해 제안하는 기법의 성능 및 실현 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.228-235
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• 2021

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are currently being used in various transport applications such as drones, unmanned aerial vehicles, and automobiles. The power required is different according to the type of use, purpose, and the conditions adjusted using a cell stack. The fuel cell stack is compressed to reduce the size and prevent fuel leakage. The unit cells that make up the cell stack are subjected to compression by clamping force, which makes geometrical changes in the porous media and it impacts on cell performance. In this study, finite elements method (FEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis for the deformed unit cell considering the effects of clamping force is performed. First, structural analysis using the FEM technique over the deformed gas diffusion layer (GDL) considering compression is carried out, and the resulting porosity changed in the GDL is calculated. The PEMFC model is then verified by a three-dimensional, two-phase fuel cell simulation applying the physical properties and geometry obtained before and after compression. The detailed simulation results showed different concentration distributions of fuel between the original and deformed geometry, resulting in the difference in the distribution of current density is represented at compressed GDL region with low oxygen concentration.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.8-18
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• 2012

This paper presents a three-dimensional, transient cold-start polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) model to numerically evaluate the effects of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) design and cell location in a PEFC stack on PEFC cold start behaviors. The cold-start simulations show that the end cell experiences significant heat loss to the sub-freezing ambient and thus finally cold-start failure due to considerable ice filling in the cathode catalyst layer. On the other hand, the middle cells in the stack successfully start from $-30^{\circ}C$ sub-freezing temperature due to rapid cell temperature rise owing to the efficient use of waste heat generated during the cold-start. In addition, the simulation results clearly indicate that the cathode catalyst layer (CL) composition and thickness have an substantial influence on PEFC cold-start behaviors while membrane thickness has limited effect mainly due to inefficient water absorption and transport capability at subzero temperatures.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.565-571
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• 2013

This paper presents an effective method to improve efficiency of switched reluctance motor by optimizing energy conversion loop. A nonlinear analytical model which takes saturation account is developed to calculate inductance and flux-linkage. The flux-linkage curve is studied to calculate the co-energy increment to obtain the optimum exciting current. For a given cross-section, the exciting current at which co-energy increment is maximum was found to be constant while stack length varies. Then the energy conversion loop was optimized by varying the stack length and turns of windings. The constraints during optimization were that motor was excited by the maximum increment co-energy current and the energy in the loop was determined by rated power of motor. Dynamic finite element analysis was used to evaluate the efficiency of various models and the comparison of results shows promising effects of the proposed method. Experiment was also conducted to validate the simulation result.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.96-107
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• 2014

Extreme recovery of the thermal energy from the combustion of flue gas may bring about early gas condensation resulting in the increased formation of nitric acid vapor. The behavior of the nitric acid formed inside the stack and in the atmosphere was investigated through a computer-aided simulation in this study. Low temperatures led to high conversion rates of the nitrogen oxide to nitric acid, according to the Arrhenius relationship. Larger acid plumes could be formed with the cooled flue gas at $40^{\circ}C$ than the present exiting gas at $115^{\circ}C$. The acid vapor plume of 0.1 ppm extended to 25 m wide and 200 m high. The wind, which had a seasonal local average of 3 m/s, expanded the influencing area to 170 m along the ground level. Its tail stretched 50 m longer at $40^{\circ}C$ than at $115^{\circ}C$. The emission concentration of the acid vapor in the summer season was a little lower than in the winter. However, a warm atmosphere facilitated the Brownian motion of the discharged flue gas, finally leading to more vigorous dispersion.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2011

Energy efficiency and indoor air quality have become main issue to develop healthy and sustainable building in these days. As an effort to reduce the energy consumption in multi-residential building, many attempts as like passive design strategies and renewable energy as well as active control method are tried. However, underground parking lot in multi-residential building seldom adopt the sustainable strategies and only mechanical system is installed as usual. Moreover, the mechanical system installed in underground parking lot is rarely operated due to the electric demand for operation after completion. In this study, as an energy efficient measure, natural ventilation system using stack effect as a driving force for underground parking lot will be proposed and the performance of the suggested system will be analyzed by simulation method.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.42-46
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• 2014

In this study we investigated ac transport current losses in the face to face stack for the anti-parallel current flow, and compared the electromagnetic properties with those of the single SC tape as well as those of the same stack for the parallel current path. The gap between the SC tapes in the stack varied in order to verify the electromagnetic influence of the neighbors when current flows in opposite direction, and the model was implemented in the finite element method program by the commercial software, COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2a. Conclusively speaking, the loss was remarkably decreased for the anti-parallel current case, which is attributed the magnetic flux compensation between the SC layers due to the opposite direction of the current flows. As the gap between SC tapes was increased, the loss mitigation became less effective. Besides, the current density distribution is very flat cross the sample width for the narrower gap case, which is believed to be benefit for the power electric system. These results are all in good agreement with those predicted theoretically for an infinite bifilar stack.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.138.1-138.1
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• 2010

직접메탄올 연료전지는 액체 메탄올 저장의 이점을 가지고 있어 이동형 전원 등의 응용에 적합하며, 최근 군사용 통신 전원이나 노트북용 전원으로 사용하기 위한 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 그러나 연료전지 스스로는 초기 기동을 할 수 없고 부하의 응답 특성에 빠르게 대응하기 어렵다. 따라서 연료전지와 배터리를 하이브리드로 구성하면 이러한 문제를 해결할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 연료전지에 대한 부하가 안정되어 수명 연장에도 긍정적인 효과를 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 직접메탄올 연료전지와 리튬 이차전지를 연계하여 하이브리드 시스템을 구성하고자한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 채널 형상에 따른 유동 및 차압을 해석하였으며, Single Cell, Short Stack 및 Stack의 특성을 평가하였다. 또한 하이브리드 시스템은 연료전지 스택, 연료전지 운전 장치, 리튬 이차전지, BMS, PCM, DC/DC Converter 등을 구성하여 시스템의 특성 등을 관찰하고자한다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.353-356
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• 2005

We developed a dynamic model of PEM fuel cell system which can analyze its transient response to dynamic load current. System components such as compressor, air cooler, humidifier, and stack were modeled based on their dynamic equations and performance maps by using Matlab Simulink platform. Through this simulation model, dynamic characteristics of fuel cell system including oxygen excess rat io, stack voltage, and system efficiency were shown. In addition to that, we briefly analyzed the humidity effect on cathode pressure and system efficiency, expecting that this model can be further used to optimize fuel cell system parameters just like operating pressure and temperature, humidity and oxygen excess ratio.