• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2011

Study of stack effects in the early design stage is the most appropriate moment to draw any problems and provide the right solutions. However, In a real process, The pre-design planning stage review is not thoroughgoing enough to high-rise construction site. Therefore, this study has reviewed by selecting one of inappropriate project [D] to find the possible stack effect alternatives in an early design documentation stage and provide countermeasures to be a foundations of stack effect in the construction stages.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.145-152
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• 2016

For a general office building having a center core, the distinction between the outer wall and the compartment should be clear, and it should be set at a stack effect pressure distribution acting on the respective compartment by a relative area ratio of the respective leak compartment. In the case of office buildings with an independent core for core there, some blocks of shares and exterior pressure distribution in buildings and office buildings typically have different characteristics. Therefore, if the stack effect reduction measures, designed on the basis of a general office building are applied to a stand-alone building, the core of the building should reflect the unique pressure distribution characteristics. This study, performed as part of the object corresponding to the flat plan of the building in the diversification trend, analyzed the stack effect that actually occurs in an office building having the properties intended for stand-core construction, and thus on the basis of and tested by the method of using a conventional stack effect reduction measures. Reviewed in the study, an independent cored office building that does not have the air flow path through the specific space with respect to the center core type office building has a feature, and the variation in characteristics of the pressure distribution inside the building according to this air flow path stack effect was reduced by a variety of measures that should be applied to determine the application.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.262-266
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• 2020

In this paper, we investigated the effect of the passivation stack with Al₂O₃, hydrogenated silicon nitride (SiN_x:H) stack and Al₂O₃, silicon oxynitride (SiON_x) stack in the n type bifacial solar cell on monocrystalline silicon. SiNx:H and SiON_x films were deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition on the Al₂O₃ thin film deposited by thermal atomic layer deposition. We focus on passivation properties of the two stack structure after laser ablation process in order to improve bifaciality of the cell. Our results showed SiN_x:H with Al₂O₃ stack is 10 mV higher in implied open circuit voltage and 60 ㎲ higher in minority carrier lifetime than SiON_x with Al₂O₃ stack at Ni silicide formation temperature for 1.8% open area ratio. This can be explained by hydrogen passivation at the Al₂O₃/Si interface and Al₂O₃ layer of laser damaged area during annealing.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2016

The air flows in building caused by thermal buoyancy, known as the stack effect, have a pronounced influence on both the indoor environment (thermal environment, noise, draught and contaminant diffusion) and energy needs in high-rise buildings. Prior studies for airflow in high-rise buildings were focused on the degree of stack effect and countermeasures. The wind pressure was neglected during the calculation of the indoor airflow in high-rise buildings to clarify the effect of thermal buoyancy in previous studies. However, wind is an important driving force of indoor airflows in buildings with the stack effect. In this study, the effect of wind pressure on indoor airflow in high-rise building when the stack effect is dominant in winter was analyzed. In this paper, methods that involved considering the wind pressure in airflow network simulation were analyzed.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.327-338
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• 2016

This technical paper presents a detailed review of the stack effect phenomenon and of the associated implications pertaining to the design and construction of high-rise buildings in regions of extreme climatic conditions. The present review is focused on both the classical 'chimney' effect as well as on the reverse stack effect, which are respectively related to cold and hot climates. For the purposed of the work here presented, the ASHRAE (2013) design conditions of Astana (Kazakhstan) and Riyadh (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) were selected. A 230 m tall residential building of rectangular floor plan was numerically modelled in the context of the climatic conditions of the two abovementioned cities and a number of sensitivity analyses were performed, covering parametric changes of: temperature, façade air tightness, site wind speeds and wind directions.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.300-305
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• 2009

High-rise buildings have some problems by stack effect. And, the solutions on the problems should be determined by considering an overall building. But, ordinarily, the countermeasures on the problems are applied to local part of the building. Local countermeasures often can be possible to arouse the secondary problems accompanied by the stack-effect. In this study, the usefulness of local countermeasures are evaluated in terms of both the reduction effect on problems and the possible secondary problems with simulations. The simulation results show that the application of countermeasures on an overall building is very important and that local countermeasures can be used optionally according to building's conditions.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.484-490
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• 2015

The winter stack effect that occurs in vertical construction passages such as the stairwell or elevator shaft of a high-rise building negatively affects living environments, energy usage, and personal safety; therefore, a mitigation of the stack effect is required to improve building conditions. Recently, circulation-type facilities that comprise the usage of air blowers and vertical ducts were proposed as part of a mechanical approach to quantitatively control the stack effect. In this study, these circulation-type facilities were installed in a building stairwell and the performance of the device was evaluated during its operation. A numerical-analysis result was obtained under the test conditions using a network-model-based, numerical-analysis method, and the result was then used for a comparison with the test result.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.123-129
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• 2009

In these days, the green building movement caused by the energy crisis is increasing, passive design is getting mere and more attention as it provides many possibilities for energy conservation. Moreover, with the increasing social intention for healthy life, the demand for indoor air Quality is increasing in Korea. As result, the ventilation system which can provide the sound outdoor air constantly has been obliged in Korea. So, the hybrid system which using natural power and mechanical power and makes up for the shortage of mechanical and natural ventilation attracts people's attention in Korea. As a hybrid ventilation system, in this study, the stack effect driven hybrid ventilation system in high-rise residential building will be suggested. And in this paper, the theoretical review for hybrid ventilation system suggested in this study will be addressed. Especially, the characteristics of pressure distribution and airflow caused by stack effect in high-rise residential building and the possibility of natural ventilation as results of stack effect will be described.

• Journal of Urban Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2019

Infiltration affects indoor environmental and air quality and energy consumptions in buildings. Especially, airflow and the infiltration are more remarkable in high-rise buildings due to the air-driving forces (stack and wind effects). Thus, it is important to understand infiltration distributions in high-rise residential buildings. In this study, the weather-driven infiltration is characterized from the viewpoint of interactions between external wind and stack effect in high-rise residential buildings. To calculate accurately the annual infiltration distributions, this study also suggests an airflow and thermal simulation method with a two-step calibration of air-leakage data. The simulated results show (1) how the interaction between stack and wind effects induce infiltration types (outdoor and interzone air infiltration) and (2) how much the interzone air infiltration (being ignored in previous studies) occurs due to the stack effect, as well as the outdoor air infiltration rates.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.459-462
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• 2008

The fact that the major cases of life casualties are from smoke in the fire accidents and the expected steep increase of skyscrapers, huge spaces, multiplexes and huge scaled underground spaces demand establishment of efficient smoke countermeasure. The architectural factors affecting the pressure field of building should be examined for the successful design and operation of smoke management system and the stack effect is one of the important factors. The field experiments on stack effect in stairwells of high-rise building with regard to open/close condition of door are carried out to evaluate the features of pressure applied to door between each compartments, i.e, stair, lobby and accommodation. The procedures and results of experiments are presented.