• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.20
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• pp.99-105
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• 2002

To develop good soybean varieties for sprouts. 285 indigenous lines and 16 recommending varieties were evaluated by the sprout and agronomic characteristics. The range of whole length, hypocotyl length, root length, and yield rate of sprouts was 9.5~23.0cm, 5.9~15.1cm, 3.2~9.2cm, and 121~695%, respectively. Yield rate of sprouts was the highest, 409%, in the lines of mixed seed coat color. At the same time, it was reversely proportional to seed weight : the smaller the seed weight, the higher the yield rate as in all other reports. The number of roots was significantly fewer in the lines of the black and the green seed coat color than others. Based on whole length, rate of root length, and yield rate of sprouts, many indigenous lines were evaluated much better than recommending varieties. In the hypocotyl color of sprouts, the brightness was higher in improved variety than indigenous lines but vice versa in redness and yellowness in general.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 2011

This experiment was conducted to give basic information to sprout-soybean breeding and automated sprout production by investigating the effect of seed size on the sprout growth and texture. Twenty cultivars and lines including large and medium soybean, small interspecific cultivars and extra-small wild soybean lines were used. Seeds were cultured for 4 days using small sprout-culturing kits. Hypocotyl length of large Hwanggeumkong, small Pungsannamulkong and Soyoung were longer and wild soybean lines were shorter than other cultivars. Fresh sprout weight and growth rate per unit dry seed weight of wild soybean lines ware increased dramatically and more than other cultivars between 48 to 72 hours after culture. Not only the increasing rate but sprout yield ratio to used dry seed weight showed the negative relationship pattern with seed size. The hardness of hypocotyl in Jangyeubkong, mastication in Taekwang, and cutting force in Eunhakong were the highest as 3,505 g, 1,650 g, and 133 g respectively, and texture values of these traits in wild soybean YWS516 were the lowest. Cutting force of soybean hypocotyl showed the positive relationship pattern with seed size. Breaking force of hypocotyl in large Jangyeobkong was the highest as 83.5g and wild soybean lines were the lowest showing the same pattern as other textural characters.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.31 no.6 s.119
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• pp.506-513
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• 2006

The effects of ultrasound stimuli on the germination and sprout growth of brown rice were investigated. Ultrasound was applied to brown rice at the frequencies of 28, 40, and 60 kHz before germination test and it was germinated in three methods (Type I, II and III). Type I was to soak brown rice into water for 60 hours. Type II was to expose brown rice to air for 48 hours after soaking them into water for 12 hours. Type III was a repetitive method of water-soaking and air exposure for 12 hours respectively. The most effective method for the germination was Type III without ultrasound. However, Type I was a best method after ultrasound treatment. As power of ultrasound increased, sprouts grew faster after brown rice were treated in 40%, 70%, and 100% power (0.137, 0.241, and 0.344 $W/cm^2$) at 40 kHz. The good treatments for fast sprout growth of brown rice at each frequency were the 28 kHz-10min group, the 40 kHz-5min group, and the 60 kHz-20min group of Type I. The best effective treatment was the 40 kHz-5min group at 0.344 $W/cm^2$ and at that condition the time required for sprout growth of 2.5 m was 51.9 hours. The ultrasound stimuli was very effective in the beginning of the rice germination, and the germination ratio was more than 95% in all ultrasound treatments.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.939-950
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to estimate the growth promoting effects and improvement of antioxidant activity of the soybean sprouts treated with Chlorella sp. culture solution. The soybean sprout treated with 0.1% and 0.2% Chlorella sp. culture solution was significantly increased the length (more than 43.0%), the thickness (more than 0.5~0.7 mm), fresh weight (more than 2.9~3.7 g) compared to non-treated control in vitro. In organic soybean sprouts farm, the 0.2% chlorella culture solution applied to mass culture of soybean sprout and the fresh weight of soybean sprouts increased by more than 25% and the yield was very high as 598.33% compared to untreated control. In addition of sensory test, there is no fishy odor and better crunchy texture and nutty flavor for the treatment soybean sprouts compared to untreated soybean sprouts. Particularly, free-radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) of the soybean sprouts were significantly increased more than 26.1% and 40.4%, respectively by treated with 0.1% and 0.2% Chlorella culture solution. Consequently, the treatment of chlorella culture solution to grow soybean sprouts is also promoting quality and antioxidant activity as well as promoting the growth of sprouts. Therefore, chlorella is considered to be worth as functional materials for high-quality sprouts grown.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.608-617
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of sowing date on soybean-sprout growth characters and for improving cultural techniques to produce high quality soybean-sprout. Six sprout-soybean cultivars were planted on three sowing dates in 2000 and 2001. The growth of hypocotyl in soybean sprouts was accelerated at higher temperature and the differences among cultivars became greater at later culture days. The longest of hypocotyl and root lengths of soybean sprouts was obtained from July 5 sowing, followed by May 25 and June 15 sowing. Doremikong and Hannamkong had the thickest and the thinness hypocotyls, respectively. Total length of soybean-sprouts was longer in seeds harvested from later sowing, respectively. Eunhakong produced the longest soybean-sprouts, while Tawonkong produced the shortest. Percentage of rotten seed and imperfectly germinated seed harvested at later sowing was lower. Somyeongkong and Tawonkong showed the highest and the lowest percentages of rotten seeds, respectively, while Pungsannamulkong and Hannamkong showed the lowest and the highest percentages of imperfectly germinated seeds. The soybean-sprouts yields were higher in seeds harvested in 2001 and later sowing. Although Eunhakong and Doremikong showed higher soybean-sprout yield, Pungsannamulkong and Somyeongkong showed stable soybean-sprout yield regardless of the sowing dates.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2005

Lateral roots of soybean sprouts should deeply affect their quality and marketability. The study was done to compare the effects of ocher, chitosan, corn kennel, tea (Thea sinensis L.) and hard rubber tree (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaf extracts on lateral root formation, growth and morphological characters of the sprouts. Seeds of three cultivars, Pungsannamulkong, Sowonkong and Junjery, were imbibed for 5 hours into their 10% solutions and cultured for 6 days. The cultured sprouts were classified into 4 categories to calculate their composition rates on the base of hypocotyl lengths;>7 cm (A), 4 to 7 cm (B), < 4 cm (C) and not germinated (D), and their morphological characters, fresh and dry weights were measured. Composition rate of A was the lowest in Junjery of the three cultivars, while that of C showed reverse result compared to A. This results was the most distinct in hard rubber tree leaf extracts (HRTLE) of the five treatments. In HRTLE treatment, lateral root formation rate were formed in almost of Sowonkong although reduced in order of Pungsannamulkong and Junjery. However, there was no significant difference between the other treatments. Lateral roots per sprout were the lowest in HRTLE treatment of the 5 treatments. In all treatments except the chitosan treatment, the roots were most formed in Sowonkong but least in Junjery. Sprout length adding hypocotyl and root was the shortest in Junjery compared to the other two cultivars. and was the longest in tea leaf extract treatment but the shortest in HRTLE treatment. The result in total fresh weight of sprouts was similar to that of the sprout length.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2003

Changes in weight, length, amino acids, organic acids and free sugars of soybean sprouts germinated with extract of Panax ginseng(PGE, 100∼400 ppm) were investigated. PGE increased the weight and length of soybean sprouts. Content of total amino acid in soybean sprout germinated at 100 ppm of PGE after cultivation for 3 days was the most abundant and then decreased by increasing the concentration of PGE. Content of aspartic acid was increased with culture time, but that of glutamic acid was shown to be an opposite trend. Content of total free sugar was increased by increasing culture time and not affected by concentration of PGE. Content of sucrose in control group during growth of soybean sprout was decreased, but sucrose contents in PGE groups were increased to 3 days and decreased thereafter. However, the other sugars were continuously increased for 4 days. Content of total organic acids was the most abundant in soybean sprouts germinated with 200 ppm of PGE and cultured for 3 days. Phytic acid was a major organic acid, showing the range of 45 to 60% for total organic acids. In conclusion, PGE as sprouting water of soybean was effective to increase of growth, contents of amino acids and organic acids in soybean sprouts, indicating that PGE accelerated the quality of soybean sprouts.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 2019

Background: The ginseng ginsenosides, which have various physiological activities, are known to be more abundant in the leaves than in the roots, and the consumers' interest in ginseng sprout as a functional vegetable has been increasing. Methods and Results: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of growth period on growth properties, active ingredients and rheology of ginseng sprouts cultivated in a non-heated greenhouse equipped with a shade net for 60 days, starting from the end of May to the middle of July. The chlorophyll content of the leaves decreased, but their length and width increased with increasing cultivation days. In particular, growth increased significantly until 40 days, but only slightly after 50 days. The stem length did not increase greatly from the 20 th to the 30 th day of cultivation, but increased significantly from the 30 th to the 40 th day, and then further increased gradually. The weight of the leaves, stems, and roots increased slightly, but not change significantly. After 40 days of cultivation, the total ginsenoside content increased by 1.07 times in the leaves and decreased by 0.80 times in the roots with increasing cultivation days. The leaf contents of ginsenosides $Rg_1$, Re, $Rb_1$, Rc, $F_3$ and $F_4$ increased with increasing cultivation days. The rheological properties of ginseng sprout showed the greatest influence on stem hardening with increasing cultivation days. Conclusions: Therefore, based on the growth characteristics, active ingredients and physical properties, 40 days after sowing was considered to be an appropriate harvesting time for ginseng sprouts.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to find eco-revegetation measures recycling remnant root-stock of native species which comes to be disused. The monitoring plot was established in Nov.2001 at Honam University's affliated farm that is located in Wolya-Myeon, Hampyeong-Gun, Jeollanam-Do. The plots were monitored 2 times each in Oct.2002 and Sep.2003. Sprout and survival rate of the root-stock including the effect of trunk length, antiseptic treatment, planting season and number of planted were surveyed. The results of the study were as follows Ten tree species including Zelkova serrata among twenty tree species showed outstanding sprout and survival rate (over 90 percent). The growth rate was better in the longer trunk length root-stocks (35cm) than shorter ones (10cm). There was a difference in the size of the root ball when digging the root-stocks. It showed better condition when the root ball sizes were 3 times wide and 5 times deep of the root-stocks or 5 times wide and 5 times deep. Antiseptic treatment on the cuts of the trunk of root-stocks makes a difference in the growth rate. The survival rate of the root-stock showed highest value (100％) when it was transplanted in late autumn (November). And the next best survival rate was reached when it was in early or late spring (March and May)

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.67-80
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of deer antler extract on the regeneration of peripheral nerves. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing about 300 gm were fed deer antler extract for 1, 2, and 3 weeks per oral (1.5 ml/100 gm B.W.), respectively, once a day and transected both sides of sciatic nerve of each leg. After keeping for 6 hours, sciatic nerves taken from proximal part of transected region were treated with conventional transmission electron microscopical method and then observed with electron microscope. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Sciatic nerves of normal control group were not showing any sprouts and electron dense axolemmal projections were frequently observed. 2. Sciatic nerves of saline treated groups were showing axonal sprouts at the nodes of Ranvier. The length of them was usually short, and numerous vesicles, vacuoles and organelles including neurofilament were contained. The number of nodes of Ranvier containing sprouts from 100 longitudinal sectioned nerve fibers was 29 (29%) in 1 week treated group, 32 (32%) in 2 weeks treated group, and 30 (30%) in 3 weeks treated group, respectively. 3. Sciatic nerves of deer antler treated groups were showing axonal sprouts at the node of Ranvier as well. Although most of the sprouts were short, some sprouts of 2 weeks and 3 weeks treated groups were quite long. Sprouts usually contained numerous vesicles, vacuoles and cell organelles such as neurofilaments and mitochondria. The number of nodes of Ranvier containing sprouts from 100 longitudinal sectioned nerve fibers was 38 (38%) in 1 week treated group, 46 (46%) in 2 weeks treated group, and 48 (48%) in 3 weeks treated group respectively. The results described above explain pretreatment of deer antler extract improves the sprout formation of transected sciatic nerves, and then it suggests deer antler may be effective for the regeneration of peripheral nerves.