• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.619-628
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• 2018

This study analyze the economic effect of chemical fertilizer. We used the input and output data, and the analysis variables include production output nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, seeds, and labor. The main results are as follows. First, for spring potatoes, potassium increases to a certain level of output, but over a certain stage, the output decreases as the input increases. Optimal use of potassium in the calculation of spring potatoes can achieve the effect of reducing input costs and increasing output simultaneously. Second, radish In autumn, nitrogen increases to a certain level, but over a certain stage it represents a reverse U-shaped relationship in which output decreases as input increases. This means that reducing the amount of fertilizer input increases the output. This means that soil-related agricultural big data can contribute to the management of nutrients and greenhouse gas reduction in agricultural land.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.135-138
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• 1998

The change of amino acids was analysed with cotyledons and roots of young spring radish by the treatment of $Cd^{2+}$ ion and $Cd^{2+}$ ion plus PA. The concentration of Asp was decreased by the treatment of $Cd^{2+}$ ion, but Ala, Phe, Val, Ile, Typ, Lys and Arg was increased in the cotyledons. The concentration of Lys and Arg was decreased by the treatment of $Cd^{2+}$ ion plus PA at the same time. The concentration of basic amino acids, His, Lys and Arg was increased by the treatment of $Cd^{2+}$ ion, and decreased by the treatment of $Cd^{2+}$ ion and $Cd^{2+}$ ion plus PA in the roots. Only the concentration of Pro was increased by the treatment of $Cd^{2+}$ ion plus PA. This results showed that Pro was induced against stress of PA, and assumed that the change of other amino acids concentration may be relation to the metabolism against stress.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2014

Using commercial radish varieties for processing, about 30% of radish was discarded due to the root shape and low purity. To raise the processing ability, we tried to develop a new variety producing H-shaped root. As another characteristic required in variety for processing is high purity, we tried to raise purity using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers for testing seed purity in every segregating generation. To develop Male-sterile (MS) seeding parent, we crossed commercial variety of 'Gwan dong spring' and 'Gyeo ryong spring'. One elite inbred was selected as recurrent parent for the MS plant. The major horticultural traits of selected inbred line were disease resistance, late bolting, heat resistance and bright green root top color. To develop pollen parent, we crossed commercial variety of 'Tae sang king' and 'Seoul spring'. We used individual selection method to develop H-shaped hard root and disease resistant inbred. In each segregating generation, we selected one plant based on phenotype and the uniformity of selected plant was tested by SSR markers using self-pollinated seeds. In the first segregating generation, 64.6% of sib plants shared the same band in PCR amplification using ACMP-490 primer and 66.7% using cnu-316 primer. The uniformity of segregating generations using ACMP-490 and cnu-316 raised in second generation to 68.8%, 70.8%, respectively; in third generation to 93.8%, 100%; in fourth generation to 93.8%, 100%; in fifth generation to 95.8%, 100%; in sixth generation to 100%, 100%. A novel cross was made using selected MS parent and pollen parent. When we checker the horticultural traits using autumn cultivation, the novel cross variety produced H-shaped root comparing other commercial varieties and produced highly uniform radish. Thus we registered this novel cross variety as 'YR ORE' at 2013 (Registration No. 4550).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.25 no.3 s.68
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• pp.129-132
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• 1986

Colonizing aphid species on Chinese cabbage, radish, red pepper and cucumber and their seasonal fluctuations were investigated without insecticide treatment during $1982{\sim}1984$ at an experimental farm in Suweon. The major species among the colonizing aphids in each crops were Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) on Chinese cabbage and radish; M. persicae (Sulzer) and Aphis gossipii Glaver on red pepper; and A. gossipii Glover on cucumber, respectively. Over 200mm of rainfalls within a 10-day period reduced the aphid populations drastically. Relative abundance of the two major aphids on Chinese cabbage and radish, and on red pepper showed inverse relationships between the spring and autumn densities within the same year.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1982

Studies on the effect of soil moisture, different seasons, harvesting periods and nitrogen application on the nitrate content of radish(Raphanus sativus L. var. niger(Mill.) S. Kerner) were carried out in pot and green house. The results are as follows; The low level of soil moisture leads to an increased nitrate accumulation in radish root. The nitrate content was found to be higher in spring crops and lower in summer ones. It was decreased during harvesting period. The application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the nitrate content in radish root. We found the highest content in petioles with lesser content in roots and leaf blades in that order. The multiple regression analysis and the nutritional value of nitrate content in radish were discussed.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2015

The radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is an important Brassicaceae root vegetable crop worldwide. Several studies have been conducted concerning radish breeding. There are major challenges to prevent premature bolting in spring plantings. Here, we performed the characterization of two inbred radish lines which vary in bolting time. "Late bolting radish" (NH-JS1) and "early bolting radish" (NH-JS2) were generated by a conventional breeding approach. The two inbred lines showed different bolting phenotypes depending on vernalization time at $4^{\circ}C$. NH-JS1, the late bolting radish, was less sensitive to cold treatment and the less sensitivity was inversely proportional to the duration of the vernalization. We also measured gene expression levels of the major bolting time related genes in the NH-JS1 and NH-JS2 lines. RsFLC1 plays a central role in the timing of flowering initiation. It is a strong repressor and it's transcript is highly expressed in NH-JS1 compared to NH-JS2 under no treatment and vernalization conditions. RsFRI, a positive regulator of RsFLC, is also highly expressed in NH-JS1 compared to NH-JS2 regardless of vernalization. In contrast, RsSOC1, suppressed by FLC as a floral integrator gene, showed the most difference, a 5-fold increase, between NH-JS1 and NH-JS2 under vernalization conditions. From these results, we conclude that NH-JS1 showed a late flowering phenotype after cold treatment due to the expression differences of flowering time regulator genes rather than difference sensitivity to cold. These results may be useful to understand the control mechanisms of flowering time and may help identify molecular markers for selecting late bolting trait in radish.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.762-771
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• 1996

Chemical and sensory characteristics of kakdugi which was prepared with various radish cultivars and harvesting seasons were analyzed during 7-day storage. Average pH of small radish cultivar kakdugi was higher than that of large ones, and total acidity was lower in small ones. Reducing sugar content was the highest in kakdugi of autumn radish. Organic acids such as lactic, succinic and fumaric acid analyzed by GC increased until the third day of fermentation, whereas volatile isothiocyanates analyzed by GC/MS continued to decline. There was a significant difference in flavor characteristics of large radish kakdugi across seasons, in contrast to no significant difference in those of small radish kakdugi except sweet taste and reducing sugar content in which interaction existed between season and cultivar. Score of overall acceptability was higher in small radish than large ones with Dongja showing the highest score of overall acceptability. Overall acceptability of autumn Dongja kakdugi was positively correlated with radish kakdugi odor and sour odor, respectively, but negatively with total acidity, lactic acid content, sweet taste and pungency, respectively. By multiple regression analysis, overall acceptability in spring Dongja kakdugi is expressed as a function of overall acceptability = -0.1115 + 1.2519 savory taste + 1.5159 malic acid -0.0054 total isothiocyanate + ${\varepsilon}$.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.595-602
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• 1999

This study was intended to develop traditional Korean soup recipe which can be used for food service and meet consumers' taste with a focus on clear soup such as clear radish soup, sea mustard soup, dried pollack soup, croaker soup, and backbone soup. The developed sample(S1) showed the highest level of overall preference among consumers. There were significant differences in sensory characteristics of the samples especially between S1 and others. The sensory characteristics of each soup showed a slight difference depending on the kind of soup, however, all items had an effect on overall preference. One of the standardized recipe to make broth was presented as follows: The ingredients for broth consists of the shank or brisket of beef(100 g), water(10 cup), spring onion(20 g), onion(30 g), garlic(10 g), salt(1 teaspoonful), and black pepper power(1/10 teaspoonful). 1) The meat part of shank or brisket is prepared. 2) The unfrozen meat is immersed in cold water for 20 min, whereby blood is extracted from the meat. 3) 10 cups of water are poured into the pan and boiled enough. 4) After water has boiled enough, the lump of meat with blood extracted is cut into 2 or 3 pieces and is boiled in the boiling water by high-intensity heat with the pan lid uncovered, and dirty foam is scooped out while boiling. 5) If the broth begins to be extracted, the intensity of heat is lowered for boiling for one hour or so, and then again boiled for 30 min with spring onion, garlic, onion and the like. If the broth is extracted enough, spring onion, garlic, onion, and others are removed from the pan. the broth is seasoned with salt and black pepper powder, and foam is removed by using fine mesh sieve or gauze. Then, 6 cups of clear broth is obtained finally.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.181-191
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• 2005

Objectives : This research examined about dietary therapy on the constipation based on the literary findings, for clinical treatment and prevention of the constipation. Methods : This Research examined on histories, compositions, applications, and effects of the constipation on about 100 cases of dietary therapy of the constipation from recent Chinese literatures Results : 1. Various vegetables, animals and mineral materials including herbs, grains, vegetables, fruits, food and drink were used for the dietary therapy. 2. Methods of the preparation for use as therapeutics were decoction, pulvis, gruel, medicinal wine, cake, tea, paste and gelatin and etc. 3. Frequently used materials were sesame oil, honey, ear mushroom, shiitake mushroom, kelp, walnut seed, hemp seed, groundnut, glutinous rice, apricot stone, yellow bean peel, radish, potato, spinage, and spring onion. Conclusion : Though dietary therapy for the constipation is not based on clinical or experimental data, but through experience. It is mostly based on Yin-Yang and five elements, visceral manifestation, channels and their collateral channels and chinese herbal medicine theories. If we use them properly according to oriental medicine method, it will be effective on treating and preventing the constipation.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 1976

Korea Parasite Eradication Association alleged in its seasonal report spring/1975 that 36.8 percent of primary, middle and high school students in Seoul area are infected with parasites. For the purpose of a comparative study between the high rate of parasite infection among Korean students and that of parasite eggs attached to vegetables which perform intermediary role in carrying the eggs to human body, such vegetables as lettuce, Korean cabbage, young radish, green onion, cabbage which are on sale at several markets in Seoul city are sampled at random for study. The infection rate of parasitic eggs and larvae on vegetables is studied twice while the detaching mean while removing rate of eggs and larvae in proportion to the number of washing them is studied three times. Every 300 grams of vegetables is taken at random for examination and every one of them is washed with a hard brush and then the kinds of parasite eggs and the ratio of eggs attached to them are studied.