Journal of Plant Biotechnology

The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology (한국식물생명공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Physiological and molecular characterization of two inbred radish lines with different bolting times

추대시기가 서로 다른 무 계통간 생리학적, 분자생물학적 개화 특성 규명

  • Park, Hyun Ji (Sustainable BioResource Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology) ;
  • Jung, Won Yong (Sustainable BioResource Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology) ;
  • Lee, Sang Sook (Sustainable BioResource Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology) ;
  • Lee, Joo won (Sustainable BioResource Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology) ;
  • Kim, Youn-Sung (Department of Biotechnology, NH Seed) ;
  • Cho, Hye Sun (Sustainable BioResource Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology)
  • 박현지 (한국생명공학연구원 지속가능자원연구센터) ;
  • 정원용 (한국생명공학연구원 지속가능자원연구센터) ;
  • 이상숙 (한국생명공학연구원 지속가능자원연구센터) ;
  • 이주원 (한국생명공학연구원 지속가능자원연구센터) ;
  • 김윤성 (농협종묘 생명공학부) ;
  • 조혜선 (한국생명공학연구원 지속가능자원연구센터)
  • Received : 2015.06.12
  • Accepted : 2015.07.20
  • Published : 2015.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is an important Brassicaceae root vegetable crop worldwide. Several studies have been conducted concerning radish breeding. There are major challenges to prevent premature bolting in spring plantings. Here, we performed the characterization of two inbred radish lines which vary in bolting time. "Late bolting radish" (NH-JS1) and "early bolting radish" (NH-JS2) were generated by a conventional breeding approach. The two inbred lines showed different bolting phenotypes depending on vernalization time at $4^{\circ}C$. NH-JS1, the late bolting radish, was less sensitive to cold treatment and the less sensitivity was inversely proportional to the duration of the vernalization. We also measured gene expression levels of the major bolting time related genes in the NH-JS1 and NH-JS2 lines. RsFLC1 plays a central role in the timing of flowering initiation. It is a strong repressor and it's transcript is highly expressed in NH-JS1 compared to NH-JS2 under no treatment and vernalization conditions. RsFRI, a positive regulator of RsFLC, is also highly expressed in NH-JS1 compared to NH-JS2 regardless of vernalization. In contrast, RsSOC1, suppressed by FLC as a floral integrator gene, showed the most difference, a 5-fold increase, between NH-JS1 and NH-JS2 under vernalization conditions. From these results, we conclude that NH-JS1 showed a late flowering phenotype after cold treatment due to the expression differences of flowering time regulator genes rather than difference sensitivity to cold. These results may be useful to understand the control mechanisms of flowering time and may help identify molecular markers for selecting late bolting trait in radish.

본 연구는 무의 개화가 지연되는 형질을 갖는 'NH-JS1'과 조기개화 형질을 가진 'NH-JS2'계통을 대상으로 춘화처리에 의한 무의 개화 특성을 조사하였으며, 이러한 특성을 유발하는 개화관련 유전자의 발현 수준을 분석하였다. NH-JS1 과 NH-JS2 두 계통 모두 춘화처리가 없는 조건에서는($23{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, 12시간 광조건/12시간 암조건) 90일 동안 생육하였을 때는 개화하지 않았으며, NH-JS1계통의 경우, 개화 유도를 위해서는 최소 25일의 춘화처리가 필요하며, NH-JS2계통은 15일의 춘화처리에 의해 개화가 유도되는 특성을 보여 주었다. 또한, NH-JS1계통은 로제트 잎이 9장 이상일 때, NH-JS2계통은 7장 이상일 때 추대가 형성됨을 확인 할 수 있었다. 춘화처리에 의한 개화관련 유전자들의 유전자발현을 분석한 결과, 개화억제 유전자인 FLC와 FRI의 발현은 개화가 지연되는 계통인 NH-JS1에서 높은 반면, 개화를 촉진하는 유전자인 SOC1, LHY 그리고 CO의 발현은 조기개화 계통인 NH-JS2에서 높게 나타났다. 춘화처리에 의해 FLC의 발현억제를 유지하는 VRN1과 VRN2도 NH-JS1 계통에서 2배 이상 높게 발현됨을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과는 춘화처리 시 무의 개화관련 유전자들의 발현과 개화특성이 관련되어 있음을 시사하며, 이를 바탕으로 육종분야에서 무의 개화시기가 조절된 품종을 개발하는데 도움이 될 것으로 예상된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Amasino R (2004) Vernalization, competence, and the epigenetic memory of winter. Plant Cell 16:2553-2559 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.104.161070
  2. Amasino R (2010) Seasonal and developmental timing of flowering. Plant J 61:1001-1013 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04148.x
  3. Bastow R, Mylne JS, Lister C, Lippman Z, Martienssen RA, Dean C (2004) Vernalization requires epigenetic silencing of FLC by histone methylation. Nature 427:164-167 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02269
  4. Bernier G, Havelange A, Houssa C, Petitjean A, Lejeune P (1993) Physiological Signals That Induce Flowering. Plant Cell 5:1147-1155 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.5.10.1147
  5. Chouard P (1960) Vernalization and its Relations to Dormancy. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 11:191-238 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.11.060160.001203
  6. Curtis IS (2011) Genetic engineering of radish: current achievements and future goals. Plant Cell Rep 30:733-744 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-010-0978-6
  7. Curtis IS, Nam HG, Yun JY, Seo KH (2002) Expression of an antisense GIGANTEA (GI) gene fragment in transgenic radish causes delayed bolting and flowering. Transgenic Res 11:249-256 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015655606996
  8. Ding L, Wang Y, Yu H (2013) Overexpression of DOSOC1, an ortholog of Arabidopsis SOC1, promotes flowering in the orchid Dendrobium Chao Parya Smile. Plant Cell Physiol 54:595-608 https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pct026
  9. Engelen-Eigles G, Erwin JE (1997) A model plant for vernalization studies Scientia Horticulturae 70:197-202 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(97)00037-X
  10. Fowler DB, Chauvin LP, Limin AE, Sarhan F (1996) The regulatory role of vernalization in the expression of low-temperature-induced genes in wheat and rye. Theor Appl Genet 93:554-559 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00417947
  11. Higdon JV, Delage B, Williams DE, Dashwood RH (2007) Cruciferous vegetables and human cancer risk: epidemiologic evidence and mechanistic basis. Pharmacol Res 55:224-236 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2007.01.009
  12. Hong J, Kim J, Lee S, Suh E, Chang A, Koo B, Lee Y (2013a) Flowering Time Genes and Application in Crops Korean J Breed Sci 45:303-310 https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2013.45.4.303
  13. Hong J, Kim S, Kim K, Kwon S, Kim J, Kim J, Lee S, Lee Y (2013b) Overexpression of a Brassica rapa MADS-box gene, BrAGL20 , induces early flowering time phenotypes in Brassica napus. Plant Biotechnol Rep 7:231-237 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-012-0254-z
  14. Immink RG, Pose D, Ferrario S, Ott F, Kaufmann K, Valentim FL, de Folter S, van der Wal F, van Dijk AD, Schmid M, Angenent GC (2012) Characterization of SOC1's central role in flowering by the identification of its upstream and downstream regulators. Plant Physiol 160:433-449 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.202614
  15. Lee S-O, Lee I-S (2006) Induction of Quinone Reductase, The Phase 2 Anticarcinogenic Marker Enzyme, in Hepa1c1c7 Cells by Radish Sprouts, Raphanus sativus L. Journal of Food Science 71:S144-S148 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.tb08917.x
  16. Michaels SD, Amasino RM (1999) FLOWERING LOCUS C encodes a novel MADS domain protein that acts as a repressor of flowering. Plant Cell 11:949-956 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.11.5.949
  17. Preston JC, Jorgensen SA, Jha SG (2014) Functional characterization of duplicated Suppressor of Overexpression of Constans 1-like genes in petunia. PLoS One 9:e96108 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096108
  18. Reeves PH, Coupland G (2000) Response of plant development to environment: control of flowering by daylength and temperature. Curr Opin Plant Biol 3:37-42 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5266(99)00041-2
  19. Sheldon CC, Rouse DT, Finnegan EJ, Peacock WJ, Dennis ES (2000) The molecular basis of vernalization: the central role of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:3753-3758 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.7.3753
  20. Tadege M, Sheldon CC, Helliwell CA, Stoutjesdijk P, Dennis ES, Peacock WJ (2001) Control of flowering time by FLC orthologues in Brassica napus. Plant J 28:545-553 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.2001.01182.x
  21. Torti S, Fornara F (2012) AGL24 acts in concert with SOC1 and FUL during Arabidopsis floral transition. Plant Signal Behav 7:1251-1254 https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.21552
  22. Yi G, Park H, Kim J-S, Chae WB, Park S, Huh JH (2014) Identification of three FLOWERING LOCUS C genes responsible for vernalization response in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Hort Environ Biotechnol 55:548-556 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-014-1151-x

Cited by

  1. Genome-wide transcriptome profiling of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) in response to vernalization vol.12, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177594