• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.733-738
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea on gene expression of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in rat liver exposed to microwave. Sprague-Dawley male rats with 200$\pm$10g body weight were assigned to normal and microwave exposed groups : microwave exposed groups ; microwave exposed groups were divided two groups : microwave(MW) group which was administrated the distilled water and green tea(GT) group which was administrated the green tea extracts. The rats were irradiated with microwave at frequence of 2.45 GHz for 15 min and then the gene expression in the damaged tissue were investigated at 0.1, 3, 4,6 and 8 days after the microwave irradition to compared with the normal group. The level of SOD gene expression in MW group was lower than the normal group within 6 days but that of GT group as higher than MW group. These results may imply that green tea stimulates SOD expression and there by protecting tissues from free radicals. The GSH-Px gene was expressed a little bit lower than the normal group but that of GT group was expressed to higher lever than MW group from 4 days after irradiation. These results suggest that the administration of green tea extract may activate antioxidative gene expressions such as SOD and GSH-Px in rat and that may help to recover liver tissues from microwave damage by removing hazardous free radicals and oxidized by products from cells.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.174-177
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• 2003

The present experiment was performed to investigate the protective effects of paeonol isolated from Moutan Cortex Radicis on primary cultured rat hepatocytes exposed to Br-A23187 ($Ca^{2+}$ ionophore). Br-A23187 is frequently used as a model of cell killing as inducing both necrotic and apoptotic cell death. Hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase perfusion from livers of fasted male Sprague Dawley rats and cultured overnight. Cell viability was determined by propidium iodide using fluorocytometry in Krebs-Ringer-HEPES buffer at pH 7.4. In addition, intracellular calcium was measured by excitation at 340 and 380 nm and emission at 505 nm using a luminescence spectrophotometer. Paeonol (20-100 ${\mu}M$) inhibited cell killing induced by 10 ${\mu}M$ Br-A23187, in a dose-dependent manner. Paeonol also reduced increased intracellular calcium level when hepatocytes were exposed to Br-A23187. Therefore, the present results suggest that paeonol protects the hepatocytotoxicity induced by Br-A23187, via inhibiting the influx of calcium into into rat hepatocytes.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.157-168
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to characterize the adverse effects of Ahnjon-Yichun-Tang during early pregnancy. Following successful mating, female Sprague-Dawley rats were given Ahnjon-Yichun-Tang(AYT) extract by oral administration daily with dose of 150mg (n=10), 300mg(n=10), 450mg(n=10) for 20 days of pregnancy. The rats in Control group(n=10) were orally administrated with Saline. All pregnant rats of Ahnjon-Yichun-Tang-treated and Control groups were sacrificed on day 20 of pregnancy. The pregnancy outcome was determined and the internal and reproductive organs of pregnant rat were observed. The fetuses were examined for the presence of various developmental toxic endpoints and stained with alcian blue and alizarin red S, and observed skeletal malformations. The results obtained in this study represent that there is no significant changes between Control and Ahnjon-Yichun-Tang-treated groups in body weight, organ weight, blood chemistry values, hematological values and pregnancy indexes of pregnant rat. The skeletal malformation of fetus was not observed as well. These results suggest that oral administration of Ahnjon-Yichun-Tang does not produce either maternal or developmental toxicity.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to determine the oral wound healing effects of acai berry water extracts (ABWE) in rat oral mucosa. To estimate the anti-oxidative effects of ABWE, the contents of phenolic compounds, and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) abilities were evaluated. Wound healing effects of ABWE were tested following 6-day exposure after induction of wound by applying 50% acetic acid to oral mucosa of Sprague-Dawley rats. Macroscopic and histopathological analyses were performed to determine wound healing effects of ABWE. Sodium fusidate (20 mg/g) was used as positive control. ABWE showed significantly high antioxidant effects in all assays, although its potency was weaker than the positive control. From day 3 after treatment, wound healing effects of ABWE were observed in oral mucosa. These wound healing effects were also consistent with histopathological evaluation results. Taken together, these results indicate that ABWE might have potential as an oral wound healing agent in the future.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.659-672
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• 1987

Nitrofen [2,4-dichlorophenyl-P-nitrophenyl ether] is a diphenyl ether herbicide used for pre and post-emergent control of broad leafed weeds. This chemical was known to induce a variety of congenital cardiovascular anomalies with diaphragmatic hernia and hydronephrosis in the rate fetuses. The present study was conducted to produce congenital cardiovascular anomalies in the rat fetuses by oral nitrofen administration at the indicated doses and days of gestation, and to find the characteristics of nitrofen-induced cardiovascular anomalies. All the observed fetuses were removed from the pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats sacrificed on the twenty-first day of gestation. They were preserved in 10 per cent formalin and dissection for examination were carried out under a dissecting microscope using forceps and scissors. Following results and conclusion were based on dissecting microscopic findings on 482 offsprings. 1. The eleventh day of gestation was the most sensitive day for nitrofen induction of congenital cardiovascular anomalies in the rat. This incidence was dose-related in rats exposed on the eleventh day of gestation. 2. Ventricular septal defect was the most common single anomaly that represented more than half of the total cardiovascular anomalies, followed by aortic arch anomalies and tetralogy of Fallot. 3. Cardiac anomalies derived from infundibular maldevelopment such as tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect were only observed in the eleventh gestation day treated group. 4. Aortic arch anomalies were found in high frequency and the great majority were characteristically anomalous right subclavian artery with left aortic arch. Key words; nitrofen, congenital cardiovascular anomalies.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제9권1_2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1994

Nerve conduction impairment in lead neuropathy has been empirically linked to altered nerve myo-inositol metabolism. In most cases of neuropathy, abnormal myo-inositol metabolism is associated with abnormal $Na^+/K^+$ATPase provides a potential mechanism to relate defects of the myo-inositol metabolism in the peripheral nerve treated with lead. Therefore, the effect of lead on the rat sciatic nerve $Na^+/K^+$ATPase and other ATPase of sciatic nerve was studied. ATPase activity was measured enzymatically in sciatic nerve homogenates from 2-wk lead treated neuropathy rats and age-mached controls administered myo-inositol. $Na^+/K^+$ATPase components were assessed by ouabain inhibition or the omission of sodium and potassium ions. Lead reduced 50% reduction in the $Na^+/K^+$ATPase activity in homogenates of sciatic nerve. The 50% reduction in the $Na^+/K^+$ ATPase activity was selectively prevented by myo-inositol treatment. This study suggests that the toxic mechanism of the lead on peripheral nerve may be through reduction in $Na^+/K^+$ATPase activity which has been linked to axonal transport slowing in the rat model of lead neuropathy, via direct changes by the perturbation of the intracelluar sodium or potasium level.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.236-243
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• 2015

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a major side effect of anti-cancer drugs, and our knowledge of its mechanisms is lacking. Several models for chemotherapy-induced neuropathy have been introduced. However, the outcomes of these models differ significantly among laboratories. Our object was to create a model of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy in rats with cancer. Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Mammary rat metastasis tumor (MRMT-1) cells were implanted subcutaneously in rats. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy was induced by injection of cisplatin once a day for four days. The responses to mechanical and thermal stimuli were examined using von Frey filaments, acetone, and radiant heat. Results: Cisplatin (2 mg/kg/day) produced mechanical allodynia, while it did not induce cold allodynia or thermal hyperalgesia. This dose of cisplatin could work successfully against cancer. Body weight loss was not observed in cisplatin-treated rats, nor were other abnormal behaviors noted in the same rats. Conclusions: Repeated injection of intraperitoneal cisplatin induced peripheral neuropathic pain in rats. Thus, this type of rat model has broad applicability in studies related to searching for the mechanism of cisplatin-induced mechanical allodynia and agents for the treatment of neuropathic pain.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.108-112
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• 1994

Rats (Sprague Dawley, male, 200 g) were fed with 15% corn oil containing a large quantity of 18 2 (linoleic acid) for 3 weeks, and were followed by feeding the petroleum ether extracts from Korean red ginseng for 3 weeks. cGMP was produced more in platelets prepared from both 15% corn oil and petroleum ether extracts-fed group than in platelets only 15% corn oil-fed group, indicating that the production of cGMP is increased by feeding the petroleum ether extracts. When this platelet was stimulated by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), the level of cGMP was decreased. However, the platelets in medium containing protein fraction (200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) was stimulated by PMA, the production of cGMP inhibited by PMA was increased by 3 times or more. These results suggest that both the protein fraction and the petroleum ether extracts from Korean red ginseng are synergistic in the productiorl of cGMP, and they may have the antiplatelet effects.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the spatiotemporal localization of the amygdaloid nucleus innervating the rat stomach using PRV-BaBlu, which has been known to be an excellent type of neurotracer with the ability to transpass the neuronalsynaptic cleft. Methods: Ninety Sprague-Dawley rats (250~300 g) that were injected with PRV-BaBlu into the stomach were randomly divided into 3, 4 and 5 day groups (each group n=30). $2{\mu}l$ of PRV-BaBlu, a genetically modified strain of PRV-Bartha with the lac-Z gene,was injected into the rat stomach and immunostained with a mouse anti-${\beta}$-galactosidase at 3, 4 and 5 days after the virus injection. Results: The PRV-BaBlu infected the neurons in the amygdaloid nucleus, and the degree of viral infection in experimental animals showed a tendency to increase significantly with time (p<0.05). The neurons between the left and right amygdaloid nucleus significantly differ (p<0.05). Conclusion: This showed that PRV-BaBlu was an excellent neurotracer for localizing the amygdaloid nucleus, and the amygdaloid nucleus has a sensory input and motor output on stomach movement, influencing emotional behavior.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2013

We investigated the antithrombotic effect of Acorus gramineus Soland (A. gramineus) from Korea and Acorus tatarinowii Schott (A. tatarinowii) from China in a rat model of arterial thrombosis induced by ferric chloride ($FeCl_3$). Thirty minutes prior to a 35% $FeCl_3$ application, Sprague Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with saline, A. gramineus and A. tatarinowii (100 mg/kg), respectively. Occlusion time of rats injected with A. gramineus was delayed significantly compared to that of the vehicle and A. tatarinowii. Thrombus weight was meaningfully decreased in rats injected with A. gramineus compared to the vehicle. Additionally, A. gramineus inhibited collagen fiber damage in vessel compared to the vehicle, but A. tatarinowii did not show a significant effect. Our results show that A. gramineus and A. tatarinowii from the same genus have different antithrombotic effects, and especially A. gramineus has a better antithrombotic effect than A. tatarinowii.