• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.367-387
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• 2012

The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of psychological factors on caregiver burden and depression among Korean spousal caregivers. 142 spousal caregivers (89 wives, 52 husbands) in Seoul and Incheon City were surveyed to determine the influence of objective factors of the care recipient, demographic of the caregiver, personality dimensions of extroversion and neuroticism of caregiver, social support, and pre-caregiving marital satisfaction on caregiver burden and depression of spousal caregivers. Hierarchical regression was used to determine the influence of the various factors on caregiver burden and depression. Finding suggest that care recipient's activities of daily living(ADL) and caregiver neuroticism predicted caregiver burden, whereas pre-caregiving martial satisfaction and caregiver neuroticism predicted depression. In particular, psychological factors were better predictors of caregiver burden and depression compared with objective factors. Based on the results, the implications, interventions, limitations and future directions for research were discussed about the psychological factors on spousal caregiving.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.622-631
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• 2021

This study was conducted to verify the effects of individual psychological capital, spousal support, and organization's family-friendly work culture on work-life balance in social workers. For this purpose, married social workers working in social welfare facilities in Chungcheongbuk-do were surveyed, and 331 collected responses were used in the analysis. Multiple regression analysis revealed that resilience and optimism in individual psychological capital, spousal support, and expectations on working hours in organizations' family-friendly work culture were significantly associated with the work-life balance. In addition, there were different factors influencing the level of work-life balance according to gender and age. The findings suggest that efforts to enhance awareness and improve working conditions, such as the development of self-care program, education on the necessity of work-life balance, and implementation of work-life balancing system, are needed to improve the work-life balance of social workers.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.358-366
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• 2020

Purpose: This study investigated levels of childbirth fear and related prenatal factors (self-confidence for childbirth, prenatal depression, knowledge about childbirth, and spousal support) among pregnant women in South Korea. Methods: A correlational study design was used to explore levels of childbirth fear and related prenatal factors in 200 pregnant women over 28 weeks of gestation. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure fear of childbirth and related factors, such as self-confidence for childbirth, prenatal depression, knowledge about childbirth, and spousal support. Results: One-third of the pregnant women were aged 35 years and older. Sixty-one percent of women were nulliparae, but only 26.0% had experienced prenatal education. The mean score for fear of childbirth was 66.99 out of 165. The prevalence of fear of childbirth was 72.0%, and childbirth fear was severe in 26.5% of the participants and moderate in 45.5%. Fear of childbirth was negatively related to self-confidence (r=-.45, p<.001), but positively related to prenatal depression (r=.21, p=.002). Two significant predictors were found to explain the fear of childbirth. Higher self-confidence for childbirth was associated with less severe fear of childbirth (β=-.44, p<.001), while higher prenatal depression was associated with more severe fear of childbirth (β=.13, p=.038). Conclusion: The level of fear of childbirth was higher among pregnant women with lower self-confidence and higher prenatal depression. Reasonable evidence should be provided for implementing prenatal and childbirth classes to reduce pregnant women's depression and to increase their confidence.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.424-433
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to meta-analyze and compare the effect sizes of socioeconomic status and psychosocial factors on self-rated health among older adults. Also, to examine whether those effect sizes had been affected by certain moderator like gender through meta-regression analysis was attempted. A total of 487 effect sizes computed from 80 studies published in Korea before 2013 were analysed. The results of this research were as follows. Firstly, spousal support had the largest effects, followed by income, educational level, occupation, support of children, assets, non-family support, family support and social activities. Secondly, while the positive effect of non-family support on self-rated health increased for women than men, the positive effect of income decreased. The findings suggest the following; The importance of spousal support should be recognized for later life's health and the health support for those who had been bereaved must come first. Income security policies and non-family support for elderly women must be strengthened.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.71-101
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• 2008

This study examines factors influencing family life-satisfaction, focusing specifically on the role of spousal social support, trust of children and self-efficacy. Based on previous studies, two hypotheses were generated. A total of 857 adults (111 fathers and 111 mothers parents of elementary school students and 108 mothers and 108 fathers of high school students) completed a questionnaire consisting of self-efficacy scales (Bandura, 1995) and social support and life-satisfaction scales developed by the present researchers. LISREL analyses fully supported Hypothesis 1 and partially supported Hypothesis 2. First, spousal social support had a direct and positive effect on family life-satisfaction. Second, self-efficacy had a mediating effect between spousal social support and family life-satisfaction. Those respondents who received higher social support from spouse had higher self-efficacy, who in turn had higher family life-satisfaction. Third, trust of children did not have a direct effect on family life-satisfaction. Fourth, trust of children had a direct and positive effect on self-efficacy, which in turn had a direct and positive effect on family life-satisfaction. The results indicated that those respondents who had higher trust of children, had higher self-efficacy, who in turn had higher family life-satisfaction. Self-efficacy plays an important mediating role in increasing Korean adults' family life-satisfaction. This study reveal the importance of indigenous psychology in unraveling the factors influencing family life-satisfaction among Korean adults.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 2004

Death of spouse is the most heartbreaking stressful and inevitable tragic life event. In middle aged men who belong to the social middle class and accomplished their occupational success, experiences of spousal bereavement are great shock. The aim of this study was to find out how they overcome their mental and physical pain and to obtain the basic materials to develop suitable nursing care programs for them. The methodological approach of this study is Giorgi's phenomenological analysis meaning unit. This method also makes theme focal meaning, situated structural description and create general structural description grasped by participator's experience through situated structure description. This study performed from November 2002 to May 2004, and participators were four men. Data collected through in-depth personal interviews. which had been tapped and analysed the Giorgi's method. Finally, the five focal meaning below have been abstracted. Theme 1. Physical symptom loss of appetite, fatigue, insomnia. outbreak of illness, weight loss. Theme 2. life of spiritless lack of desire, sense of emptiness, unstableness, prosaic life. wandering. indifference of appearances, avoidance of meeting people. Theme 3. life of retrospction reflection for his wife, yearning, grief, muttering to himself, never-to-be forgotten wife, leading a lonely life. Theme 4. negative emotion reproaching, feeling hurt, marriage of daughter, feeling heavy, getting angry, sexual desire, awareness of his sinfulness. loneliness Theme 5. social support and adjustment getting his wife off his mind, curring favor with children, support and consolation by his daughter-in-law, appreciation for hospice nurse, considering remarriage, taking care of himself, good relation with his children. The result of this study showed that middle aged men bereaved of their wife by cancer need other's concern. And we have to study further to understand their experience. Until now hospice nursing is concentrated on cancer patients But from now we have to provide their families suitable nursing care programs to adjust themselves to social life before and after death of patients.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify difficulties that working mothers face and solutions to the identified problems. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional, descriptive survey. A survey with 8 items rated on a 5-point scale (1~5) and 5 open-ended questions was administered to 48 married nurses and nurse aides working in 5 nursing units of a teaching hospital in South Korea in April 2013. Results: The score of satisfaction with childrearing patterns (mean=$3.31{\pm}0.79$) was higher than that of satisfaction with spousal support (mean=$3.08{\pm}0.85$). The score of working mother's turnover intention (mean=$2.40{\pm}1.03$) was lowest among the 8 items, but partners did not want their wives to quit work (mean=$3.60{\pm}1.22$). Satisfaction with company employment benefits for childrearing (mean=$2.90{\pm}0.72$) had the lowest score among the 4 satisfaction types analyzed. The turnover intention and satisfactions with childrearing (r=-.51, p<.001), spousal support (r=-.43, p=.002), supervisor's support (r=-.36, p=.013), and company benefits (r=-.37, p=.009) showed significant negative correlations. Conclusion: According to these results, familial support for childrearing is highly correlated with employed mothers' turnover intention. So improvement of familial support for childrearing will reduce married nurses' turnover intention. In addition, well-organized nursery facilities are recommended for enabling working mothers to continue their careers. Furthermore, more family-friendly welfare policies such as a flextime systems or compulsory paternity leave should be reinforced in the workplace.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.39-58
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating effects of parenting efficacy on the relationship between parenting alliance and parenting stress, and to investigate whether the relationships between these indicators were the same for mothers and fathers. Methods: A sample of 228 parents (114 mothers and 114 fathers) of 6 month old infants in Gyeonggi Province completed measures of Perceived Parenting Competence, Parenting Alliance Inventory, and Parenting Stress Inventory-Short Form. Results: The results indicated that parenting alliance produced its effect directly and indirectly through parenting efficacy on parenting stress. Using multiple group SEM analyses, it revealed that fathers parenting efficacy was mediated by parenting alliance and that the strength of the pathways was stronger for fathers than for mothers. Conclusion/Implications: These findings suggest that parenting alliance can improve father's parenting efficacy. The differential predictors of mother and father efficacy as well as their implications for future research are discussed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.125-139
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• 2000

The main purpose of this study is to examine the relation between different patterns of commitment to work role and fathering and the level of life satisfaction. 272 fathers, whose oldest child is under 12 years old with professional, managerial and clerical jobs, were selected. The major findings of this study were as follow: 1) Married men with the oldest child under 12 years old were more likely to be committed to fathering than to work role. 2) The significant variables that affected the level of commitment to fathering were the age of the oldest child, the frequency of participation in the meeting after work, parental satisfaction, and how they perceive the spousal support. And the significant variables that affected the level of commitment to work role were type of job, parental distress, work satisfaction, work distress. 3) Patterns of commitment to fathering and work role were categorized into four groups. The names were given as positively balanced commitment pattern, positive fathering commitment pattern, negative fathering commitment pattern, and totally negative commitment pattern. 4) The significant variables important in classifying the patterns of commitment to work role and fathering appeared to be the age of the oldest child, work distress, the frequency of participation in the meeting after work, parental satisfaction, how they perceive the spousal support, work satisfaction and weekend total working hour. 5) The balanced positive commitment to work and fathering was associated with the highest level of life satisfaction.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.469-479
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• 2010

Using data from the 2001 National Long-Term Care Survey database, this study analyzed gender differences in factors affecting caregiver burdens of spouse caregivers in Korea. Multiple regression was used to estimate factors influencing caregiver burdens of caregiving wives and caregiving husbands respectively. The results showed that there was a significant variability in predictors of caregiver burdens of spouses who take care of the impaired elderly. ADL functional status of care recipients and social support were significant for both the caregiving wives model and caregiving husbands model in influencing caregiving burdens. It was noticeable to report that a caregiver's self-rated health status, monthly caregiving expenses, a care recipient's self-rated health status were unique predictors for the caregiving wives model. These findings suggest that it is vital for planners and providers to take gender differences in spousal caregiving into account when designing and formulating community-based long-term care service programs.