• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2007

석탄재는 석탄이 타고 남은 재로써 물리적 성질은 고은 모래정도이며 입자의 크기는 고은 자갈에서 고운 모래 사이다. 몇 가지 연구에서 석탄재는 건설재료의 하나인 모래와 대체 할 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 주입 공기 혼합 재를 사용한 석탄재의 혼합토를 직접 건설현장에 사용 하고자 하는데 있다. 실험 결과에 의하면 석탄재 혼합토는 압축, 인장 및 휨강도가 양생기간 초기에는 표준 혼합토보다 낮은 수치를 보이지만 60일이 지난 후엔 표준 혼합토보다 강도가 더 커졌다. 또한 Chloride 이온 통과 실험에서 석탄재의 시료토가 양생 초기에는 적은 저항력의 수치를 보였지만 시간이 흐를수록 강한 저항력을 보였다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 파괴인성에 대하여 입자강화 복합재 추진제의 균열저항 특성을 분석하기 위하여 평가되었다. $50^{\circ}C$에서 $-60^{\circ}C$까지 온도 범위에서 WST 시험편을 이용하여 파괴인성시험이 수행되었다. 파괴인성에 대한 평가방법은 선형탄성파괴역학에 기초한 ASTM E399를 이용하여 산출하였다. 추진제의 분열하중과 응력확대계수는 온도가 내려감에 따라 증가하고 있다. 또한 디지털 이미지 상관법을 이용하여 가시화된 변형률장은 온도가 $50^{\circ}C$에서 $-40^{\circ}C$로 내려갈수록 증가하나, $-60^{\circ}C$에서 변형률장은 취성거동으로 인해 크게 감소한다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 마샬 배합설계법을 이용하여 섬유와 아스팔트 바인더의 적정한 양을 결정한 후 마샬 공시체를 제작하였다. 제작된 공시체를 이용하여 3단계의 온도(5, 20, 60$^{\circ}C$)하에서 간접인장강도 시험을 수행한 후 물성을 측정하여 기존의 아스팔트 혼합물(밀입도 20)과 섬유보강 아스팔트 혼합물 사이의 기계적 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 특히 혼합물의 소성 변형에 대한 저항성을 평가하기 위하여 휠트랙킹 시험을 실시하였다. 시험결과 전체적으로 재래식 밀입도 20 아스팔트 혼합물보다 섬유보강 아스팔트 혼합물의 간접인장강도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 인성 (Toughness)값은 시험온도에 따라 $1.27{\sim}1.97$배 높게 나타났다. 또한 본 연구에서 수행되어진 $60^{\circ}C$에서 휠트랙킹 시험과 잔류 간접인장강도 시험에 대한 특성은 하절기의 고온 다습한 기후하에서 재래식 밀입도 20 혼합물보다 섬유보강 아스팔트 혼합물의 소성변형에 대한 저항성이 우수할 것으로 판단된다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.485-499
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• 2018

In this paper, a hollow steel tube (HST) shear connector is proposed for use in a slim-floor system. The HST welded to a perforated steel beam web and embedded in concrete slab. A total of 10 push-out tests were conducted under static loading to investigate the mechanical behavior of the proposed HST connector. The variables were the shapes (circular, square and rectangular) and sizes of hollow steel tubes, and the compressive strength of the concrete. The failure mode was recorded as: concrete slab compressive failure under the steel tube and concrete tensile splitting failure, where no failure occurred in the HST. Test results show that the square shape HST in filled via concrete strength 40 MPa carried the highest shear load value, showing three times more than the reference specimens. It also recorded less slip behavior, and less compressive failure mode in concrete underneath the square hollow connector in comparison with the circular and rectangular HST connectors in both concrete strengths. The rectangular HST shows a 20% higher shear resistance with a longer width in the load direction in comparison with that in the smaller dimension. The energy absorption capacity values showed 23% and 18% improvements with the square HST rather than a headed shear stud when embedded in concrete strengths of 25 MPa and 40 MPa, respectively. Moreover, an analytical method was proposed and predicts the shear resistance of the HST shear connectors with a standard deviation of 0.14 considering the shape and size of the connectors.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.687-691
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 아날로그 트리밍용으로 사용되는 $0.18{\mu}m$ generic 공정 기반의 EM(Electro-Migration)과 eFuse의 저항 변동을 고려한 8bit eFuse OTP (One-Time Programmable) 메모리를 설계하였다. eFuse OTP 메모리는 eFuse에 인가되는 program power를 증가시키기 위해 external program voltage를 사용하였으며, 프로그램되지 않은 cell에 흐르는 read current를 낮추기 위해 RWL (Read Word-Line) activation 이전에 BL을 VSS로 precharging하는 방식과 read NMOS transistor를 최적화 설계하였다. 그리고 프로그램된 eFuse 저항의 변동을 고려한 variable pull-up load를 갖는 sensing margin test 회로를 설계하였다. 한편 eFuse link의 length를 split하여 eFuse OTP의 프로그램 수율 (program yield)을 높였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.99.2-99.2
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• 2011

Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) supported on glass are widely used as substrates in PEC studies for photovoltaic hydrogen generation applications However, high sheet resistane ($10{\sim}15{\Omega}/cm^2$) and fragileness of glass-supported TCO substrates are the obstacles to produce the large area PEC cells. Such internal sheet resistance is detrimental to efficient collection of photogenerated majority charge carriers at the photoactive material and electrolyte interface. Moreover, these TCO substrates are very expensive and consume about 40~60% cost of the devices. Hence, a low sheet resistance of the substrate is a key point in improving the performance of PEC devices. Metallic substrates coated with a photoactive material would be a good choice for efficient charge collection. Such metal substrates based photanodes are best candidate for large-scale phtoelectrochemical water splitting for hydrogen generation. In this study, we report the enhanced PEC performance of $WO_3$ film on metal(chemical etched, bare) substrate. It is proposed that interface between $WO_3$ and the metal substrate is responsible for efficient charge transfer and demonstrated significant improvement in the photoelectrochmical performance. X-ray diffration and FESEM suduies reveled that $WO_3$ films are monoclinic, porous, polycrystalline with average grain size of ~50nm. Photocurrent of $WO_3$ prepared on metal substrates was measured in 0.5M $H_2SO_4$ electroyte under simulated $100mW/cm^2$ illumination.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2010

This article aims to study the effects of adding steel fibers to concrete on the mechanical behavior of steel fiber concrete (SFC) slabs. After formulating the SFC, an experimental work was, first, conducted on $160\;{\times}\;320$ mm cylindrical specimens and $70\;{\times}\;70\;{\times}\;280$ mm prisms. Then, this study was carried out on 20 rectangular $1,100\;{\times}\;1,100\;{\times}\;60$ mm small slabs submitted to a distributed load. Two types of fibers with hooked ends were used: long fibers (LF) of a length of 50 mm and short fibers (SF) of a length of 35 mm. The studied parameters are compressive and tensile strengths and Young's modulus. Plain concrete (PC) small slabs were also prepared to be compared to the SFC specimens. The results showed that the compressive strength of SFC increased up to 25% while the splitting tests showed an improvement of the SFC reaching 45%. Tests on SFC small slabs also showed that a smaller deflection is obtained with respect to PC, which indicates an improvement in strength (up to 100%), in ductility and in resistance to cracking. The LF gives a better improvement in strength than the SF for a 70% $kg/m^3$ of steel proportioning.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.553-566
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• 2016

Fracture energy is one of the key parameters reveal cracking resistance and fracture toughness of concrete. The main purpose of this study is to determine fracture behavior, mechanical properties and microstructural analysis of high strength basalt fiber reinforced concrete (HSFRC). For this purpose, three-point bending tests were performed on notched beams produced using HSFRCs with 12 mm and 24mm fiber length and 1, 2 and $3kg/m^3$ fiber content in order to determine the value of fracture energy. Fracture energies of the notched beam specimens were calculated by analyzing load versus crack mouth opining displacement curves by the help of RILEM proposal. The results show that the effects of basalt fiber content and fiber length on fracture energy are very significant. The splitting tensile and flexural strength of HSFRC increased with increasing fiber content whereas a slight drop in flexural strength was observed for the mixture with 24mm fiber length and $3kg/m^3$ fiber content. On the other hand, there was no significant effect of fiber addition on the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the mixtures. In addition, microstructural analysis of the three components; cement paste, aggregate and basalt fiber were performed based on the Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy examinations.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.339-353
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• 1997

Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) rods provide certain benefits over steel as concrete reinforcement, such as corrosion resistance, magnetic and electrical insulation, light weight, and high strength. FRP composites can be combined with a steel core to form hybrid reinforcing rods that take advantage of properties of both materials. The objective of this study was to characterize the bond behavior of hybrid FRP rods made with braided epoxy-impregnated aramid or poly-vinyl alcohol FRP skins. Eleven rod types were tested using two concrete strengths. Specific topics examined were bond strength, slip, and type of failure in concentric pull-out tests from concrete cubes. From analysis of identical pull-out tests on both hybrid and steel rods, information on relative bond strength and behavior were obtained. It is concluded that strength is similar but slip in hybrid rods is much higher. Hybrid rods failed either by pull-out or splitting the concrete block (with or without yielding of the steel core). Experimental data showed consistency with similar test results presented in the literature.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 II
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• pp.743-746
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• 2003

We have successfully used hydrophobic direct-wafer bonding, along with H-induced layer splitting of Ge, to transfer 700nm think, single-crystal Ge films to Si substrates. Optical and electrical properties have been also observed on these samples. Triple-junction solar cell structures gown on these Ge/Si heterostructure templates show comparable photoluminescence intensity and minority carrier lifetime to a control structure grown on bulk Ge. When heavily doped p$^{+}$Ge/p$^{+}$Si wafer bonded heterostructures were bonded, ohmic interfacial properties with less than 0.3Ω$\textrm{cm}^2$ specific resistance were observed indicating low loss thermal emission and tunneling processes over and through the potential barrier. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics in p$^{+}$Ge/pSi structures show rectifying properties for room temperature bonded structures. After annealing at 40$0^{\circ}C$, the potential barrier was reduced and the barrier height no longer blocks current flow under bias. From these observations, interfacial atomic bonding structures of hydrophobically wafer bonded Ge/Si heterostructures are suggested.ested.