• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.69-72
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• 1975

어유에 대하여 독작용을 나타내는 본 물질의 항생작용, succinic dehydrogenase 활성에 대한 조해작용 및 가토의 혈구에 미치는 영향 등에 대한 실험결과는 Candida japonica에서 $GI_{50}$ (세포생육의 50% 조해농도)이 7.5ug/ml, C. utilis에서 10.2ug/ml, Cryptococcus neoformans 6.4ug/ml 등으로서 극히 일부의 균에서만 항균작용이 인정되었으나 전반적으로 균에 대한 항생작용이 인정되지 않았다. 또 Cyprinus carpio L.의 각 조직에 대한 succinic dehydrogenas 활성조해능을 측정한 결과 비교적 전 장기조직에서 그 활성을 조해하였으며 특히 아가미 조직에 대한 조해현상은 흥미있는 일이다. 또 가토의 혈액에 leukopenia및 leukocytosis 현상의 여부 등을 알고저 본 물질을 유맥주사후 혈구변화도를 검토해 보았으나 별로 영향을 나타내지 않았으며 neutropenia 및 Iymphopenia 현상도 일어나지 않았다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2001

Korean-style fermented soybean paste (KFSP), Doenjang, is a traditional food that is consumed as a protein source in Korea. Recently, efforts to identify biolgocial response modifiers (BRMs) have been focused on food products. Accordingly, this study which isolated abiologically active substance form KFSP, named KFSP-BRM, ws defined to be aheat-stable carbohydrate with a molecular weight of 2,000 kDa. The biological activity of KFSP-BRM was not inactivated by treatment with an anti-LPS antibody. The oral as well as intraperitoneal treatment of mice with KFSP-BRM significantly enhanced the number of B cells expressing surface significantly enhanced the number of B cells expressing surface immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG). Subsequently, an increased level of immunoglobulins in the sera was also observed. In vitro. KFSP-BRM was found to upregulate the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6 by mactro phages and B cells but not the production of IL-2 by T cells. In conclusion, these data demonstrate the presence of a BRM in KFSP, which may provide an additional benefit to those consuming it is a food. KFSP-BRM is a novel B cellmitogen distinct from fresh soybean lectin or B cell mitogens, such as LPS and Streptococcus protein A. The major biological effects of KFSP-BRM would appear to be anincreased production of IL-1 and IL-6 by macrophages and B cells, thereby enhancing the function of mature B cells.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.251-268
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• 2001

We arrived at the following conclusion after we have studied crohn's disease through the literatures of western and oriental medicine. 1. Crohn's disease has a characteristic of granulomatous necrosis and cicatricial inflammation which is called by segmental enteritis, granulomatous enteritis. This falls under the category of "Diarrhea", "Dysentery" and is similar to "small intestinal diarrhea", "acute temesmus", "splenic diarrhea" in oriental medicine. 2. In western medicine, the cause of crohn's disease indefinites, but it is presumed immunological unbalance of alimentary canal. In oriental medicine, it is summarized as the abnormal ascending and descending circulation of stomach and splenic energies, the hepatic stagnation, being the lower part of cleaning qi by exogenous disease, dyspeptic convulsion. 3. The presenting symptoms of crohn's disease are intermittent chronic diarrhea, fever, weight loss, abdominal spastic pain or abdominal discomfort. When anyone has a abdominal mass, a rectal abcess, and a rectal constriction by physical examination, we can doubt crohn's disease. 4. The methods of western medical treatment are a suppression of intestinal toxic contents and inflammatory mediator, a supply of nutritive substanceus to intestinal epithelial cell. Oriental medical treatments of these are "inducing diuresis", "warming kidney to reinforce yang", "nourishing qi to invigorate spleen", "eliminatin dampness by cooling" according to syndrome differentiations. As mentioned above, we can confirm possibility of oriental medical treatment that induces recovery of immunologic control function and we need advanced experiment, study, and clinical approach.

• BMB Reports
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.555-563
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• 1996

A membrane-bound phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI 4-kinase) was separated in a sucrose gradient and solubilized with 1% Triton X-100 from mouse brain. The enzyme was purified 2,952-fold by various chromatographic techniques including DEAE-cellulose, PI-Sepharose and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. The molecular weight of PI 4-kinase was approximately 76 kDa by gel filtration and 70.8 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme exhibited specific activity of 11.2 nmol/min/mg protein and pi value of 4.7. Kinetic analysis of the PI 4-kinase indicated apparent $K_m$, values of 190 ${\mu}M$ and 120 ${\mu}M$ for phosphatidylinositol and ATP, respectively. The maximal activity of this purified enzyme was observed at pH 7.4 at an incubation temperature of $37^{\circ}C$. The enzyme activity was significantly activated by $Mg^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$ and $Fe^{2+}$, and inhibited severely by $Ca^{2+}$. PI 4-kinase was proved to be pure in its immunoblot test by polyclonal antibody prepared from immunized rabbit sera. By this test, we were able to detect the existence of the same type of PI 4-kinase from other mouse organ tissues, such as liver, heart, kidney and spleen. Furthermore, similar immunoblot analysis with the same antisera recognized the different epitopes of PI 4-kinase proteins from various organs of rabbit, chinese hamster and rat.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2005

The $Ca^{2+}-activated$ chloride channel (CLCA) was activated by ginseng total saponin (GTS) in Xenopus oocytes. The reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) method was performed with gene specific primers on oocytes. The gene specific primers were deduced from spleen cDNA in expressed sequence tags (EST) database showing high homology to the mouse CLCA. Full length of cDNA sequence was completed by linkage of several 5' and 3'-half cDNA fragments have been sequenced. We named the full cDNA to oCLCA transiently. The oCLCA gene encodes a protein of 911 amino acids with $48.9\%$ identity overall to that of mouse CLCA (mCLCA4). A predicted oCLCA amino acids sequence shows the molecular weight of 108 kDa and has four or more transmembrane domains, and also the one hydrophobic C­terminal domain. oCLCA gene was expressed ubiquitously in various tissues included oocytes, also interfered in oocytes by siRNA for oCLCA. Here, we suggest that oCLCA is a endogenous chloride channel gene in oocytes. We are studying for the identification of oCLCA gene and further physiological research.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2012

In this study we investigated the effects of supplementation with fucoidan from brown alga on the function of natural-killer (NK) cells to evaluate the possibility as an immunomodulator in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. A total of 18 female Wistar rats (six weeks) were used this study and 12 rats were OVX, and the rest of rats were sham-operated. The sham and one OVX group were fed standard diet, and the remaining OVX group received fucoidan (0.05% supplemented diet). After 12 weeks of supplementation, rats were sacrificed to assess the tumoricidal activity of the NK cells and the NO-iNOS regulation from splenocytes. The mass of body and the immune organs such as spleen and thymus were also studied. In OVX rats, body and thymus weights increased, however fucoidan supplementation did not change the body mass and organs weight compared to OVX group. Fucoidan supplementation increased NK cell activity and reduced NO-iNOS production in OVX rats. Ex vivo treatment of fucoidan increased NK cell activity in splenocytes from shame and OVX rats. Ex vivo, we confirmed that fucoidan partially reduced the NK cell activity in the presence of iNOS inhibitors in OVX-splenocytes. These results indicate fucoidan supplementation has a NK cell tumoricidal activity, which are regulated by the iNOS production in OVX rats. This suggests that fucoidan is useful for potential therapeutic strategies as a nutrient in regulating the NK cells in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제5권
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• pp.79-95
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• 1996

When we see normal gait, gait cycle is seperated as stance phase and swing phase. It needs 6 determinant of gait of pelvic rotation, pelvic tilt, knee joint of stance phase, ankle and foot motion, ankle and knee motion, and pelvic movement to be accomplished. In addition, a joint and muscle action is accomplished biomechanically at the same time with its gait cycle. In oriental medicine, the relationships between chang-fu physiology and meridian physiology are summaried as follows ; ${\bullet}$ chang-fu physiology : Spleen manages the extremities. Liver manages soft tissues. Liver stores blood. Kidney stores essences. Kidney manages bones. ${\bullet}$ meridian physiology : The Leg Greater Yang Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Yang-Myeong Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Lesser Yang Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Greater Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Lesser Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Absolute Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues Especially, we can find out relations between in a "blood supplied feet can walk well" that explains "blood regulations and by liver nourishing effects"that is the closest concept of muscle. Abnormal gaits are due to three causes as following; first, physical defect secoud, pain third, nervous system or instability of muscle. In oriental medicine, we can know relationship in "atrophy, numbness, stroke, convulsion, muscular dystrophy of knee, rheumatoid arthritis, five causes of infantile growing defects, five causes of softening, sprain". Especially, atrophy is the most important symptom. Gait evaluation should be emphasized where a point can walk 8 feet to 10 feet considering stride width, stride length, the body weight center, stride number, flexion, extension, rotation of a joint as a standard factor. The point is we should find out something strange in a patient's side, front and back view. After that we should find out its cause as an index that we can observe abnormal findings in a joint and muscle.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 1980

This study was to investigate the feeding effects of diet supplemented with 2% ginseng powder on the growth rate and the blood glucose of rats. The Albino rats (48 heads), weighing 98 to 105g, were divided into two different diet groups, which were subdivided into six subgroups for insulin and epinephrine treatment. They were 1) Co group as control, 2) CG group as control group contained 2% ginseng powder, 3) Io group fed on the diet of Co group and treated with insulin, 4) IG group fed on the diet of CG group and treated with insulin, 5) Eo group fed on the diet of Co group and treated with epinephrine, and 6) EG group fed on the diet of CG group and treated with epinephrine. Each animal group was maintained with the corresponding diet for 27 days, and then they were sacrificed. The growth rate of rats and the diet consumption and efficiency ratio of food and protein were determined during the feeding period. After sacrificing of the animals, the weight of some organs and the blood glucose were analyzed. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The gained body weights of the dietary group supplemented with 2% ginseng powder(CG) were less increased in comparison to the corresponding control group(Co). Those of IG were significantly higher than those of to (p<0.01). Those of EG were significantly lower than those of Eo group (p<0.01). 2. It was found that the variations of the efficiency ratio of food and protein showed the similarity in those of the growth of each group. 3. The final weights of liver kidney spleen. and heart were not significantly different between Co and CG. The weights of the liver, kidney, and heart of IG were significantly greater than those of Co (p<0.05). The weights of the liver and heart of EG were significantly lower than those of Eo(p<0.01) 4. The blood glucose of CG was a little higher than that of Co, but not significant. Also it was found that was little difference between IG and Io. It showed that the blood glucose of EG was significantly lower than that of Eo(p<0.0 1).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.361-366
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• 2004

Defatted methanol extracts of the medicinal plants, Rubus coreanus Miq. (RC) and Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi (AJ) were added at the levels of 0.1, 0.5, or $2\%$ (w/w) to high cholesterol diets and fed to ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley female rats, weighing 212.6 $\pm$ 1.8 g for four weeks. Weight gains were lower in RC and AJ groups than the control group, but there were no changes in uterus weights. Serum levels of triglyceride decreased by 20-$27\%$ in the experimental groups fed $0.1\%$ of each extract (O.1RC and O.1AJ), compared with that of control (Ovx). Serum cholesterol levels were not changed in the RC groups but increased in the group fed $2\%$ of the AJ extract. Liver levels of cholesterol and triglyceride were reduced in both the RC and AJ groups. Microscopic observation revealed that there were no morphological alterations in liver, lung, heart, spleen and kidney tissues of the experimental groups. Plasma levels of albumin, BUN, creatinine, sodium, potassium and phosphate in the IRC and AJ groups were in normal ranges. Serum GOT and GPT activities were, however, higher in the 2.0AJ than Ovx group. These results suggest that the extracts of the Rubus coreanus Miq. and Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi at dietary levels as low as $0.1\%$ may be utilized as hypotriglyceridemic ingredients for functional foods.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.658-663
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• 1993

식이성 비타민 E의 급여수준이 카페인을 투여한 흰쥐의 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자, 카페인을 무첨가 또는 0.3% 첨가시킨 식이에 비타민 E를 각각 세가지 급여수준(37.5, 750 및 1,500mg/kg diet)으로 사육기간을 5주와 10주로 하여 사육한 결고는 다음과 같다. 체중증가량, 식이섭취량 및 식이효율은 카페인 급여군에서 비타민 E 단독부여군에 비해 유의하게 감소하였고, 체중 100g당 간과 신장의 중량은 카페인 첨가군에서 유의한 증가를 보였다. 혈청과 간의 total lipid 함량은 카페인 첨가군에서 비타민 E 급여수준을 증가시킬수록 감소하였다. 혈청중 cholesterol함량은 카페인을 첨가하였을 때는 증가하였으나, 간장중 cholesterol의 함량은 비타민 E의 급여수준을 증가시킴에 따라 감소하는 경향이었다. Triglyceride함량은 혈청과 간 모두 카페인 첨가군에서 유의하게 감소하였으며, 그 감소의 정도는 비타민 E 급여수준이 증가할수록 크게 나타났다. 또 혈청 alanine aminotransferase와 aspartate aminotransferase의 활성은 모든 실험군에서 유의한 차이가 없었다.