• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.288-291
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• 2004

This paper proposes an intelligent search modeling using avatar agent. This system consists of some modules such as agent interface, agent management, preprocessor, interface machine. Core-Symbol Database and Spell Checker are related to the preprocessor module and Interface Machine is connected with Best Aggregate Designer. Our avatar agent system does the indexing work that converts user's natural language type sentence to the proper words that is suitable for the specific branch information retrieval. Indexing is one of the preprocessing steps that make it possible to guarantee the specialty of user's input and increases the reliability of the result. It references a database that consists of synonym and specific branch dictionary. The resulting symbol after indexing is used for draft search by the internet search engine. The retrieval page position and link information are stored in the database. We experimented our system with the stock market keyword SAMSUNG_SDI, IBM, and SONY and compared the result with that of Altavista and Google search engine. It showed quite excellent results.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2000.10d
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• pp.89-94
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• 2000

본 논문은 부산대 철자 검사/교정기의 기존 성능을 보완하고 기능을 추가하는데 중점을 두었다. 웹 문서, 신문 등을 통해서 사용자들이 자주 틀리는 오류 단어에 대해서 오류 유형을 분류했다. 이 결과를 철자 검사 및 교정 시스템에 적용하여 교정기법 개선을 통하여 띄어쓰기 교정 기능을 향상 시켰다. 이렇게 새로 구현한 시스템과 이전 시스템의 성능을 실험을 통해 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구를 진행하면서 발견한 문제점과 한계를 이후 더 발전 해야할 과제로 고찰하고 결론을 맺는다.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.150-159
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• 2007

More often than not, cost claims which are legitimately due and entitled to the contractor for works done, or for loss and expense incurred arising from disruption, prolongation and delay, are surprising not successfully recovered, whether in whole or in part, or none at all. One of the main reasons attributing to such scenario, is due to either the contractor, employer or the consultants and their poor understanding of and adherence to established and proper contractual rubric that is embodied in the building construction contract for the works. This paper explores some such pitfalls that could very well spell the ultimate financial disaster for many contractors, and highlights salient and essential intimations that contractors and consultants should watch out for.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.368-372
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• 2019

맞춤법 교정이란 주어진 문장에서 나타나는 철자 및 맞춤법 오류들을 올바르게 교정하는 것을 뜻하며 맞춤법 교정 시스템이란 컴퓨터가 이를 자동으로 수행하는 것을 의미한다. 본 논문에서는 맞춤법 교정을 기계번역의 관점으로 바라보고 문제를 해결하였다. 소스문장에 맞춤법 오류문장, 타겟 문장에 올바른 문장을 넣어 학습시키는 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 단일 말뭉치로 한국어 맞춤법 병렬 말뭉치를 구성하는 방법을 제안하며 G2P(Grapheme to Phoneme)를 이용한 오류 데이터 생성, 자모 단위 철자 오류데이터 생성, 통번역 데이터 기반 오류 데이터 생성 크게 3가지 방법론을 이용하여 맞춤법 오류데이터를 생성하는 방법론을 제안한다. 실험결과 GLEU 점수 65.98의 성능을 보였으며 44.68, 39.55의 성능을 보인 상용화 시스템보다 우수한 성능을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.5 s.116
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• pp.527-544
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• 2006

This study provides a definition of heat waves, which indicate the conditions of strong sultriness in summer, appropriate to Korea and intends to clarify long term(1973-2006) averaged spatial and temporal patterns of annual frequency of heat waves with respect to their intensity. Based on examination of the Korean mortality rate changes due to increase of apparent temperature under hot and humid summer conditions, three consecutive days with at least $32.5^{\circ}C,\;35.5^{\circ}C,\;38.5^{\circ}C,\;and\;41.5^{\circ}C$ of daily maximum Heat Index are defined as the Hot Spell(HS), the Heat Wave(HW), the Strong Heat Wave(SHW), and the Extreme Heat Wave(EHW), respectively. The annual frequency of all categories of heat waves is relatively low in high-elevated regions or on islands adjacent to seas. In contrast, the maximum annual frequency of heat waves during the study period as well as annual average frequency are highest in interior, low-elevated regions along major rivers in South Korea, particularly during the Changma Break period(between late July and mid-August). There is no obvious increasing or decreasing trend in the annual total frequency of all categories of heat waves for the study period However, the maximum annual frequencies of HS days at each weather station were recorded mainly in the 1970s, while most of maximum frequency records of both the HW and the SHW at individual weather stations were observed in the 1990s. It is also revealed that when heat waves occur in South Korea high humidity as well as high temperature contributes to increasing the heat wave intensity by $4.3-9.5^{\circ}C$. These results provide a useful basis to help develop a heat wave warning system appropriate to Korea.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2006

This study analyzes the seasonality precipitation using precipitation data from 1973 to 2001 over South Korea. The Seasonality Index and Annual variation of the Seasonality Precipitation were investigated from sixty-three observation stations. The Seasonality Precipitation means the degree of the precipitation falling intensively for some specific months. Spatially, precipitation that has a strong characteristic of regional shower is defined as seasonal precipitation. Precipitation forms are changed with various reasons and mainly the sporadic and local shower precipitation after rain spell in summer. Especially there appears a tendency that this kind of precipitation is sharply increasing in 1990's. Seasonality Index is used as a method to understand seasonal precipitation. If the yearly rainfall is concentrated for some specific months, Seasonality Index is growing gradually. It is confirmed that there is a tendency that all the from sixty-two observation stations Seasonality Index. While Seasonality Index over South of Korea concentrated from June to August because of the summer rain spell in the past ($1973{\sim}1982$), there appears to be a tendency that it concentrated from August and September since the mid 1990's. From the analysis of seasonal precipitation intensity distribution, most of southern Korea is under seasonality precipitation intensity 4. The seasonality precipitation intensity classification results are as follow: most of the observation stations were on a scale intensity of 3 and 4 in the past but currently reads seasonality precipitation intensities of 5 and 6.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.659-668
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• 2017

In this study, long-term rainfall data of more than 300 years including the paleoclimatic rainfall data from Chuk Woo Kee (1777-1907), the modern observed rainfall data (1908-2015), and the climate change scenario (2016-2099), which were provided by KMA (Korea Meteorological Agency), was used to analyze the statistical characteristics of the extreme drought in the Seoul., Annual average rainfall showed an increasing trend over a entire period, and Wavelet transform analysis of SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) which is meteorological drought index, showed 64 to 80 months (5-6 Year) of drought periods for Chuk Woo Kee and KMA data, 96 to 128 months (8 to 10 years) of drought period for climate change data. The dry spell analysis showed that the drought occurrence frequency in the ancient period was high, but frequency was gradually decreased in the modern and future periods. In addition, through the analysis of the drought magnitude, 1901 was the extreme drought year in Seoul, and 1899-1907 was the worst consecutive 9 years long term drought in Seoul.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.617-627
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• 2018

In this study, CMIP5 GCMs rainfall data (2011~2099) based on RCP scenarios were used to analyze the extreme drought evaluation for the future period. For prospective drought assessment, historical observations were used based on the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) data (1976~2010) of the Korea Meteorological Administration. Through the analysis of various indicators, such as average annual rainfall, rainy days, drought spell, and average drought severity was carried out for the drought evaluation of the five major river basins (Han river, Nakdong river, Geum river, Sumjin river, and Youngsan river) over the Korean peninsula. The GCMs that predicted the most severe future droughts are CMCC-CMS, IPSL-CM5A-LR and IPSL-CM5A-MR. Moderate future droughts were predicted from HadGEM2-CC, CMCC-CM and HadGEM2-ES. GCMs with relatively weak future drought forecasts were selected as CESM1-CAM5, MIROC-ESM-CHEM and CanESM2. The results of this study might be used as a fundamental data to choose a reasonable climate change scenario in future extreme drought evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.599-613
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• 2003

Purpose: The ultimate aim of the inquiry was to discover the essence of nurse's experience and promote understanding. Method : Guided by Colaizzi's method - 1. Description of the phenomena of interest by the reader. 2. collection of subject's description of the phenomena, 3. Reading all the subject's descriptions of the phenomenon, 4. Returning the original transcripts and extracting significant statements, 5. Trying to spell out the meaning of each significant statements, 6. Organizing the aggregate formalized meanings into clusters of themes. 7. Writing an exhaustive description, 8. Returning to the subjects for validation of the description, 9. If new data fare revealed during the validations incorporating them into an exhaustive description. The participants in this study were eight are nurses working for clinics. This strategies for data collecting were needed : deep face to face interview. Results : 6 cluster of themes are : 1. the heavy pressure, 2. the pride and the royal summons, 3. the powerlessness, 4. the hope, 5. the tiresome. 6. the distressed feeling. Conclusion : The results of the this study would help us to understand nurses in clinics, make direction for nursing education, and identify need for continuing inquiry.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2008

A pheochromocytoma is a neuroectodermal tumor that originates from the chromaffin cells of the sympathetic system. Typical symptoms or signs are periodic attacks of paroxysmal hypertension, spell, palpitation, headache and sweating. However, the clinical presentation is quite variable. Therefore, an atypical clinical presentation sometimes makes a diagnosis difficult. Hemoptysis as a presenting symptom is very rare in pheochromocytoma. We recently experienced a patient with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage due to pheochromocytoma. A chest PA showed diffuse consolidation and ground glass opacities in both lungs. A chest CT showed diffuse consolidation and ground glass opacities in the central, middle and lower portion predominance of the lungs, sparing the costophrenic angles and apices of the lungs. In Korea, a case of pheochromocytoma that presented initially as massive hemoptysis due to diffuse alveolar hemorrhage has not been previously reported. We report the case with a review of the literature.