• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.720-726
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• 2004

Two Spectrophotometric procedures are presented for the determination of two commonly used H2-receptor antagonists, nizatidine (I) and ranitidine hydrochloride (II). The methods are based mainly on charge transfer complexation reaction of these drugs with either ${\rho}-chloranilic$ acid (${\rho}-CA$) or 2, 3 dichloro-5, 6-dicyanoquinone (DDQ). The produced colored products are quantified spectrophotometrically at 515 and 467 nm in chloranilic acid and 000 methods, respectively. The molar ratios for the reaction products and the optimum assay conditions were studied. The methods determine the cited drugs in concentration ranges of 20-200 and $20-160\;\mu\textrm{g}/mL$ for nizatidine and ranges of 20-240 and $20-140\;\mu\textrm{g}/mL$ for ranitidine with chloranilic acid and DDQ methods, respectively. A more detailed investigation of the complexes formed was made with respect to their composition, association constant, molar absorptivity and free energy change. The proposed procedures were successfully utilized in the determination of the drugs in pharmaceutical preparations. The standard addition method was applied by adding nizatidine and ranitidine to the previously analyzed tablets or capsules. The recovery of each drug was calculated by comparing the concentration obtained from the spiked mixtures with those of the pure drug. The results of analysis of commercial tablets and the recovery study (standard addition method) of the cited drugs suggested that there is no interference from any excipients, which are present in tablets or capsules. Statistical comparison of the results was performed with regard to accuracy and precision using student's t-test and F-ratio at 95％ confidence level. There is no significant difference between the reported and proposed methods with regard to accuracy and precision.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 세포막파괴형 제초활성물질을 보다 효율적으로 검정할 수 있는 방법을 확립하고자 시험하였으며 검정전략으로서는 막과산화에 의해 풍부히 형성되는 카보닐 및 알데히드류 화합물을 MBTH/ferric chloride로 발색시켜 96-well 상태에서 검정하는 방법을 적용하였다. 검정과정상에 필요한 제반조건(식물재료, 광도, 광조사 시간, 발색을 위한 시약의 적정농도 및 반응시간 등)들을 최적화시킨 후 여러 가지 작용기작을 가지는 기존제초제들의 오이자엽 절편에 대한 반응을 조사하였다. 그 결과, PROTOX 저해제와 paraquat와 같이 신속히 세포막 파괴를 일으키는 기작을 가진 제초제에 양호한 반응을 보였다. 실제 온실에서의 제초활성이 각기 다르게 나타난 7가지 신규화합물을 대상으로, 온실에서의 제초활성과 본 검정법에서의 활성을 비교했을 때 매우 높은 상관성을 나타내었다. 본 검정법은 60 ${\mu}L$의 시험용액에 직경 4 mm의 오이자엽 절편 한 개만을 이용하므로 96-well microtitre plate에서 미량의 화합물을 동시에 대량으로 검정할 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있으나, 발색을 위해 용액을 끓이는 과정이 필요하기 때문에 효율성을 제고하는데 한계성을 가졌다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2003

현재는 재조합 Erythropoietin의 생물학적 활성을 mouse를 이용한 in vivo bioassay로 실시하고 있으나, 이 방법의 여러가서 불편함으로 인하여, 이를 대체하기 위해 Ba/F3 세포주를 이용한 in vitro assay 방법을 확립하였으나, 위에 상술한 바와 같이 in vitro assay는 erythropoietin의 당분포에 의한 차이를 보이지 않게 때문에, 이를 보완하기 위해서는 in vivo bio-activity와 정량적인 상관관계가 있는 당단백질의 isoform 분석법인 Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) 와 sialic acid 함량 결과를 동시에 분석해야 했다. 위의 결과 sialic acid 함량은 erythropoietin 원액에서 10 mol/mol,EPO 이상의 sialic acid 함량을 가져야 되며, CZE 결과는 재조합 erythropoietin이 isoform 분포가 isoform 3의 경우 5.594～0.593％, isoform 4의 경우 31.598～11.704％, isoform 5의 경우 37.033～29.301％, isoform 6의 경우 27.837～18.807％, isoform 7의 경우 17.085～7.824％, isoform 8의 경우 7.642～1.964％을 보여줌과 동시에 isoform 4의 면적은 isoform 5의 면적보다 항상 작아야한다. 이상 두 가지 시험결과와 in vitro assay 결과를 combine해서 in vivo assay를 대체할 수 있다는 좋은 실험적 data를 얻었으므로 이상 위의 3가지 분석법을 활용한 combined in vitro bioassay 법의 기초를 확립하였다.

• 분석과학
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.465-469
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• 1992

유당분해효소의 활성도를 정량하기 위하여 고속액체크로마토그래피(HPLC)를 사용하는 방법을 확립하였다. Aminex HPX-87C 컬럼 및 RI 검출기를 사용하여 유당, 글루코스 및 갈락토스를 12분 이내에 정량적으로 분석할 수 있었다. 컬럼 온도는 $85^{\circ}C$로 고정하였으며 이동상으로는 탈이온화된 증류수를 사용하였다. ONPG(ortho-nitrophenol-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranoside)를 이용하는 발색법의 결과와 비교하여, 고속액체크로마토그래피에 의한 유당분해효소 활성도 측정법의 타당성을 고찰하였으며, 그 결과 ONPG 방법과 고속액체크로마토그래피 방법에 의한 효소활성도 측정의 실험결과에는 큰 차이가 없었으며, 고속액체크로마토그래피를 사용하는 경우에는 420 nm에 대한 방해 작용이 있는 기질에서도 유당분해효소의 활성도를 측정할 수 있는 장점을 가짐을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.361-364
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 3-ethyl ascorbic acid를 표준물질로 이용하여, 폴리에톡시레이티드 아스코르빈산의 정량법을 개발하였고, 확립된 시험법으로 시중에서 돼지 및 닭의 면역력 증진과 열에 대한 스트레스 경감제로 유통되고 있는 Poustin-C 검체 내 폴리에톡시레이티드 아스코르빈산의 함량 분석을 실제로 분석하여 시험법의 유효성을 검증하였다. 개발한 분석법의 검증은 직선성, 정확성, 정밀성 및 안정성 시험 등을 통하여 평가하였다. 정밀도 시험은 일내 정밀성과 일간 정밀성으로 나누어 확인하였는데, 일내 및 일간 정밀성은 모두 3.4 % 이내로 매우 우수하였다. 그리고 직선성 실험에서는 상관계수($r^2$)가 0.998 이상으로 우수하였다. 실온에서 6시간까지는 안정하여 실험 도중 분해되지 않음을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발된 시험법은 검체 내 폴리에톡시레이티드 아스코르빈산의 함량을 분석하기 위한 공정 시험법으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.308-314
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• 2015

본 연구는 식물세포막을 파괴시켜 제초활성을 나타내게 하는 화합물(막과산화형 제초제)을 미지의 많은 화합물로부터 신속하게 탐색하기 위한 새로운 검정법을 확립하기 위하여 실시되었으며, 확립한 전체적인 검정과정은 다음과 같다. 96-well microplate에 시험용액 $200{\mu}L$ 넣고 여기에 오이자엽으로부터 적출한 직경 4 mm의 절편 1개씩을 띄운다. 항온실의 광조건 하에서 회전진탕기로 조금씩 흔들어주면서 8시간 배양한 후 절편을 제거한 다음, 배양액에 HVA와 HRP를 첨가하여 반응시킨 후 마이크로평판용 형광검출기를 이용하여 형광도(Ex 320 nm, Em 425 nm)를 측정한다. 형광변화량이 높을수록 제초활성이 높은 것으로 판단한다. 본 방법은 96-well microplate에서 작업을 수행할 수 있고 형광검출 기술을 이용함으로써 검정과정과 작업을 간편하게 하여 검정효율을 기존보다 현저히 높인 것이 특징이다. 아울러 활성검정을 추출된 효소가 아닌 잎 절편수준에서 수행하기 때문에 보다 실용화에 근접한 정량적 데이터를 얻을 수 있는 장점을 가진다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.179-193
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• 2008

Objective: The antioxidant and anti-Alzheimer effects of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae (SZS) water extract against the amyloid beta peptide (1-42) or H202-induced oxidative damage and cell death were investigated in rat pheochromocytoma line PC 12. Methods: The cells were incubated with SZS water extract and oxidative damage-inducing materials, amyloid beta peptide (1-42) or H2O2 for 24 h. The cellular viability was assessed by WST-1 assay, cytotoxic damage by LDH activity assay, oxidative damages of cells by fluorescence spectrophotometric method, and apoptosis by TUNEL staining assay. Results and Conclusions: 1. Preincubation of the cells with SZS water extract prior to amyloid beta peptide (1-42) (2 uM) or H2O2 (30 uM) exposure elevated the cell survival close to the control and decreased the level of LDH activity and the fluorescence from the cell homogenates and TUNEL staining of the cells, compared to only amyloid beta peptide (1-42) (2 uM) or H2O2 (30 uM) treated conditions. 2. Our study suggests that Semen Ziziphi Spinosae (SZS) water extract has protective effects against amyloid beta peptide (1-42) or H2O2-induced cell toxicity through the antioxidation mechanism, which might be beneficial for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.8-26
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• 1983

Various early pregnancy diagnostic methods have been developed in order to improve the reproductive efficiency in cow, mare, mule, sow, sheep, goat, dog, cat, rabbit, buffalo, camel, elephant, monkey, deer, lion, coipus and guinea pig. These methods include abdominal swelling, abdominal palpation, esturs cylce detection, Lupin test, gonadotropin assay, colostrum injection test, sperm motility assessment, cervical mucus viscosity test, Kaber chromagens method, estrogen test, A Scheim-Zond다 test, spectrophotometric detection of estrogen in urine and feces, boric acid crystraline formation test in urine, oxytocin injection test, diamino-oxidase test, PMSG HA test, behaviour test, Simolus iodine detection test, detection of tryptophane in urine, x-ray method, Cuboni and Lunaas method, vaginal biopsy method, Friedmann Schneider diagnostic method, electrode method, barium chloride detection method, ECG, Doptone method, ultrasound method, ultrasound scanning method, LDH method, rectal palpation method, CL palpation method, radioautography, serum creatine test, serum globulin test, chlormadine method, CAP method, Medata Do, pp.ers method, body fluid test, Plasma oCS detection method, ERIA, LHRH method, negative latex cogulation test and oestrone sulphate detection method. The most reliable methods with high a, pp.icability to farm animals such as sheep, mare, sow and cow are rectal palpation, ultrasound method and hormonal assay in blood and milk. However, they require complicated laboratory works for the early diagnosis of pregnancy and in most cases, the simple and economical methods which are described up to now need a long period of time after conception. Generally, it is possible to detect pregnancy after one estrus cycle, even though it varies depending on the species of animals. For improvement of the reproductive efficiency, it is required to develop a more accurate, economical, simple and early detectable method. It is anticipated that the result of a study on the detection method of EPF(early pregnancy factor) would be a, pp.icable to various animals within 6 hours after conception.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.465-472
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• 2002

The effect of cooking(boiling, steaming and baking) and drying on the cholesterol content and formation of oxidized cholesterols and acid value in squid(Japanese flying squid, Todarodes pacificus) was studied. Cholesterol content of live squid meat varied with the portion sampled. The data from spectophotometric assay ranged from 263.2 mg/100g(mantle) to 315.8 mg/100g(tentacle). The cholesterol levels found for squid samples analyzed by gas chromatography(GC) were lower by 7% of total cholesterol for live squid meat and 24% for processed meat than those results by spectrophotometric assay. Cooking resulted some decrease in the initial total cholesterol content of raw meat from 10%(boiling for 5 min.) to 25%(steaming for 5 min.). The amounts of cholesterol remaining after baking were 68% for microwave oven samples and 64% for convection oven samples. Drying of raw tissue caused the greater reduction in cholesterol content than cooking but brought about no significant difference in samples stored for 6 weeks at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$. Raw squid meats contained essentially no oxidized cholesterols, while the 22-hydroxychoesterol was detected in frozen meats. The additional oxidized cholesterols as cholestane-triol was indentified with 22-hydroxycholesterol in cooked samples. Sun dried meat stored at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$ for 6 weeks had the three kinds of oxidized cholesterols such as 22-hydroxycholesterol, cholesta-3,5-dien-7-one and cholestane-triol. For the boiled and steamed squids, 10% higher acid value and 5% higher acid value respectively were observed but oven cooked samples resulted in a 50% higher acid value than raw samples. Squids had a 45% higher acid value than raw one during sundrying and presrevation at $20^{\circ}C$ but there was not a severe difference of acid value between $4^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$ stored samples.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2014

A fresh vegetable and fruit juice has become a new healthy food available for detoxification, dieting and health. This paper presents the useful information about the quality changes of fresh juice according to different juicer. Quality of fresh juice could be evaluated by several factors such as juice yield, enzyme activity, antioxidant activity, polyphenol contents, and anti-inflammatory activity. The juice yields of 12 different vegetables and fruits were compared using 6 different juicers and it was observed that the yield of slow juicer was better than that of conventional blender. Among 12 samples, the juice yield of grape is the best and the pH of the juice was in the acidic range of 3 and 4. Kiwi and grapefruit were the best in terms of protease enzyme activities by Hemoglobin units on the tyrosine basis and Spectrophotometric acid protease unit and papain units on the tyrosine basis of KFDA protocols. The total polyphenol contents were also high in kiwi and grapefruit. The antioxidant activity by diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and radical scavenging assay were high in the order of kiwi, grapefruit, grape, tomato, and orange. Anti-inflammatory activities were also assay for 12 samples with 6 juicers. It can be concluded that of fresh fruit and vegetable juice provides a source of antioxidant components and enzymes with high activity. And the enzyme activities could be used as one of the quality indicator of fresh juice. Concerning the juicers used in this study, slow juicer could be recommended to prepare the fresh juice in terms of the juice quality.