• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.99-105
• /
• 2000

This paper describes the effect of specimen size on fatigue crack growth rate for the offshore structural high-tensile-strength steel BS4360 and machine structural steel SM45C. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of stress ratio aspect ratio specimen width and specimen thickness of the fatigue crack growth behavior. Compact tension specimens with a LT orientation for BS4360 and SM45C steels were used, All testing was done at constant stress intensity factor range controlled fatigue crack growth condition. The investigation demonstrates that the fatigue crack growth rate is increased with increasing stress ratio and specimen thickness and is decreased with increasing specimen width. The fatigue crack growth rate is unaffected by aspect ratio until a/W=0.50 but is increased by increasing spect ratio from a/W=0.55.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.123-133
• /
• 2024

This study investigates the effects of loading frequency (f) and specimen size on the liquefaction resistance of clean sand. A series of cyclic direct simple shear tests were conducted on Jumunjin sand with varying consolidated relative densities (40% and 80%), f values (0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 Hz), and diameter to height (D/H) ratios (3.63, 3.18, 2.82, and 2.54). The results demonstrated the significant influence of f and D/H ratio on the number of cycles to liquefaction (N_cyc-liq) and the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR₁₅). It was observed that increasing f linearly increased N_cyc-liq. Increasing the specimen height also led to higher N_cyc-liq values irrespective of the f or relative density. Moreover, a positive correlation between CRR₁₅ and f indicated that higher f yielded higher CRR₁₅. This relationship was more pronounced in dense sand than in loose sand. Specimen height also significantly affected CRR₁₅, with increasing the specimen height resulting in higher CRR₁₅ values. Furthermore, the effect of f on CRR₁₅ was less significant compared to the influence of specimen height. The effect of f on the normalized cyclic resistance ratio (NCRR) was relatively negligible for loose sand but more substantial for dense sand depending on the D/H ratio. Data analysis revealed that the NCRR generally decreases as the D/H ratio increases. An interpolation formula was provided to calculate the NCRR based on the D/H ratio regardless of the f and relative density.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2002년도 학술.기술논문발표회
• /
• pp.51-54
• /
• 2002

This study is intended to investigate an influence of the kinds and the maximum size of aggregate on the compressive strength of small size core specimen. According to the results, the compressive strength of standard specimen is large in order of basalt, granite and limestone aggregate, and shows increasing tendency as the maximum size of aggregate grows large. The compressive strength of concrete using basalt aggregate shows similar tendency to granite aggregate, and that of concrete using limestone aggregate decreases slightly, compared with granite aggregate. The reducing ratio of the compressive strength of 25mm core specimen is least when the maximum size of aggregate is 10mm. But the compressive strength of 50 and 100mm core specimen is almost not influenced by the maximum size of aggregate.

• Composites Research
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.28-33
• /
• 2007

단섬유 강화고무의 관통 특성에 대해 섬유 종횡비(AR: 섬유 길이/섬유 직경), 섬유 함유량, 시편 크기 그리고 시험속도를 변수로 하여 연구하였다. 기지와 단섬유 강화고무의 관통 저항은 시편 크기의 증가에 따라 감소하였고, 동일한 시편 크기에서 시험 속도의 증가에 따라 관통 저항력은 증가하였다. 각각의 섬유 함유량에서 섬유 종횡비가 클수록 높은 관통응력 값을 보였다. 인장강도와 관통응력의 비교를 통해 시편 형상의 문제점에 대해 고찰하였다. 기지와 단섬유 강화고무의 막에 작용하는 힘은 시편의 크기에 관계없이 유사한 값을 보였고, 동일한 시편 크기에서 시험속도의 증가에 따라 증가하였다. 각각의 섬유함유량에서 섬유 종횡비가 클수록 막에 작용하는 힘은 크게 나타났다 전체적으로 시편 크기, 시험속도가 단섬유 강화고무의 관통 특성에 지대한 영향을 미침을 확인하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.361-364
• /
• 2002

This paper discusses the influencing factors such as coring position, height to diameter ratio of core specimen(h/d) and coring torque on the strength estimation of concrete by small site coring method in order to verify the validities of small size core method. According to results, as for the influence of drilling position, when core specimens are obtained from the place parallel to placing direction, compressive strength of core specimens are higher than those perpendicular to placing direction. This is due to the loss of the area of core specimen perpendicular to plating direction by bleeding. And in case of $\phi$ 24mm core specimen, when vertical drilling against placing direction is taken. compressive strength of core specimen obtained at the bottom of the structure is higher than that at the top of the structure. As for the influence of height to depth ratio, as h/d ratio increases compressive strength shows to be decreased. As for the influences of rotation speed of drilling machine, as its speed goes up, compressive strength decreases, regardless of core diameter.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.353-362
• /
• 2011

High Strength Concrete (HSC) has weakness that in a fire, it is spalled and brittles. The phenomenon of spalling is made by water vapor's being confined in watertight concrete. This study is aimed to evaluate explosive spalling properties of high strength concrete with ${\square}100{\times}100{\times}200$ mm specimen and ${\square}400{\times}400{\times}1500$ mm column. To prevent spalling of concrete, fireproof coating and PP fiber are used. As a result, ${\square}400{\times}400{\times}1500$ mm column was prevented spalling likes ${\times}100{\times}100{\times}200$ mm specimen. When concrete protected failure to explosive spalling, quantity heat ratio (which fireproof coating specimen to pp fiber mixed specimen) between ${\square}100{\times}100{\times}200$ mm and ${\square}400{\times}400{\times}1500$ mm was maximum value at 20 minute, but difference of quantity heat ratio decreased and quantity heat ratio of each specimen is almost same at 30 minute.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.76-82
• /
• 2002

In this study, the rotary bending fatigue test was carried out with low carbon steel(SM25C). The specimens were heat-treated in order to change the grain size, and investigated items are fatigue limit, small crack initiation, fatigue crack propagation behavior and possibility of fatigue life prediction according to the different grain size. The summarized result are as follows ; Fatigue limit of the smooth specimen was dependent upon the grain size. The fatigue crack initiation of the small grain size specimen was delayed more than that of the large grain size specimen. And the small cracks of small grain size specimen were distributed in the narrow region of the main crack circumference contrary to the large grain size specimen. The main crack was grown along the grain boundary having co-alliance with small cracks. The experiment material has quantitatively disclosed the possibility of fatigue life prediction because the fatigue crack propagation behavior is dependent upon the grain size.

• 열처리공학회지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.259-263
• /
• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of hot forging ratio on the microstructure and mechanical properties of incoloy 825 alloy. Hot forging was carried out at the forging ratio of 0%, 60% and 90% respectively in a range of $900^{\circ}C{\sim}1,140^{\circ}C$ and followed solution treatment was conducted at $1,000^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr. In all the specimens of hot forged of 0%, 60% and 90%, precipitates were not observed. The average grain size of 0% specimen is $82{\mu}m$ and that of 60% and 90% is $56{\mu}m$ and $31{\mu}m$, respectively. The range of grain size in the 0% specimen is uneven in $182{\mu}m$ to $31{\mu}m$, but the grain size of 90% specimen is uniform. With increasing hot forging ratio, the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, hardness increased and impact toughness increased by grain refinement.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제31권1C호
• /
• pp.39-51
• /
• 2011

작은 입자 사이에 고립된 상태로 존재하는 굵은 입자는 비록 소량일지라도 흙의 전단거동에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이와같이 소량의 굵은 자갈이 포함된 지반의 전단특성을 평가할 경우, 실내시험에 사용되는 자갈의 크기와 공시체의 직경이 전단거동에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 모래 입자 사이에 흩어져 있는 자갈의 크기와 공시체의 직경을 달리하면서 모래-자갈 혼합토의 전단특성을 연구하였다. 크기가 7, 12, 15, 18, 22mm인 다섯 종류의 자갈을 반복 사용하였으며, 각층 높이의 중간부분에 자갈을 넣고 다음 층을 쌓아 다지는 방식으로 조밀한 공시체를 완성하였다. 층당 들어가는 자갈의 크기에 따라 습윤모래를 5층 또는 10층으로 나누어 다져 직경 5cm(높이 10cm) 및 10cm(높이 20cm)인 공시체를 제작하였다. 자갈의 중량비는 3%로 동일하며 세 종류의 구속압으로 압밀시킨 다음, 비배수 삼축압축시험을 실시하였다. 직경 10cm인 공시체에서 얻은 최대축차응력은 직경 5cm인 공시체의 최대축차응력보다 자갈이 없는 경우 평균 30% 정도 높았으며, 자갈이 포함된 경우 최대 90%까지 증가하였다. 7mm와 12mm 자갈이 들어간 경우, 직경이 10cm인 공시체는 자갈의 크기에 관계없이 모두 자갈이 없는 경우보다 최대축차응력이 증가하였으나, 직경이 5cm인 공시체는 자갈의 크기에 따라 최대축차응력이 자갈이 없는 경우보다 증가하거나(7mm 자갈이 들어간 공시체) 또는 감소하였다(12mm 자갈이 들어간 공시체). 공시체 직경과 자갈의 크기가 비배수 전단거동에 큰 영향을 미쳤으며, 자갈과 공시체 직경의 비 1/5을 기준으로 자갈이 포함된 공시체의 최대축차응력이 자갈이 없는 경우보다 증가 또는 감소하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제34권11호
• /
• pp.1587-1592
• /
• 2010

복합하중 하에서의 샌드위치 시편내의 응력분포에 시편의 형상과 하중조건이 미치는 영향을 수치해석을 통하여 고찰하였다. 상용 유한요소해석 프로그램인 NASTRAN 을 사용하여 세 종류의 형상계수를 가지는 시편들에 대하여 평면변형률, 2 차원 해석을 수행하였으며, 각각의 시편에 대하여 각각 다른 복합변위각을 가지는 네 종류의 복합변위를 적용하였다. 수치해석의 결과는 복합변위각이, 즉 전단변위의 수직변위에 대한 상대적인 크기가, 응력 불균일분포영역의 크기에 미치는 영향이 전단응력과 폰 미세스(von Mises)응력의 경우에만 나타나고 수직응력의 경우에는 나타나지 않음을 보여준다. 또한 복합변위각이 증가함에 따라 전단응력의 불균일분포영역의 크기는 감소함에 비해서 폰 미세스 응력의 불균일분포영역의 크기는 증가한다. 추가로, 형상계수가 증가함에 따라, 즉, 시편의 길이의 높이에 대한 상대적 크기가 커질수록, 복합변위 하에서의 응력 불균일분포영역의 크기는 현격하게 감소한다.