• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.286-296
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• 2018

Maintenance of a beneficial microbial community, especially in the rhizosphere, is indispensable for plant growth and agricultural sustainability. In this sense, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been extensively studied for their role in plant growth promotion and disease resistance. However, the impact of introducing PGPR strains into rhizosphere microbial communities is still underexplored. We previously found that the Proteus vulgaris JBLS202 strain (JBLS202) promoted growth of Kimchi cabbage and altered the relative abundance of total bacteria and Pseudomonas spp. in the treated rhizosphere. To extend these findings, we used pyrosequencing to analyze the changes in bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of Kimchi cabbage after introduction of JBLS202. The alterations were also evaluated by taxon-specific realtime PCR (qPCR). The pyrosequencing data revealed an increase in total bacteria abundance, including specific groups such as Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria, in the treated rhizosphere. Time-course qPCR analysis confirmed the increase in the abundance of Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria. Furthermore, genes involved in nitrogen cycling were upregulated by JBLS202 treatment indicating changes in ecological function of the rhizosphere soil. Overall, these results indicate that introduction of JBLS202 alters both the composition and function of the rhizosphere bacterial community, which can have direct and indirect effects on plant growth. Therefore, we propose that long-term changes in bacterial composition and community-level function need to be considered for practical use of PGPRs.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.62-64
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• 2006

July in 2005, we collected infected maize plant that showing stripe dwarf disease on maize leaf in Jeonbuk provinces including Gochang-gun and conducted genomic dsRNA extraction and RT-PCR. Genomic dsRNA was extracted directly in infected maize plant and electrophoresis in agarose gel. We confirmed 10 segments of genomic dsRNA. We conducted RT-PCR by genomic dsRNA and specific primer of S7, S8 and S10. As a result, specific band of expected size was confirmed respectively. In the results of dsRNA and RT-PCR analysis, we confirmed Rice black-streaked dwarf fijivirus (RBSDV) from naturally infected maize plant. Occurrence of RBSDV of maize plant was dealt 22 ha's damage in maize field. The occurrence rate was 80% in a lot of places of disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.13-33
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to offer the raw data for establishing the management and restoration plan by objective surveying and analysing the flora distributed in Seoak District, Gyeongju National Park, Korea. The flora summarized as 411 taxa including 92 families, 285 genera, 363 species, 2 subspecies, 41 varieties and 5 forms. The rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 2 taxa including Exochorda serratifolia and Potentilla discolor. The Korean endemic plants were 3 taxa including Philadelphus schrenkii, Lespedeza maritima and Weigela subsessilis. The specific plants by floristic region were 16 taxa including Asplenium sarelii, Pyrrosia petiolosa, Vitex negundo var. incisa and so forth. The target plants adaptable to climate change were 2 taxa including Lespedeza maritima and Carpesium macrocephalum, and the plants with approval for delivering oversea were 4 taxa including Exochorda serratifolia, Glycine soja, Lespedeza maritima and Weigela subsessilis. The naturalized plants were 51 taxa including Phytolacca americana, Viola papilionacea, Lamium purpureum and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 3 taxa including Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster pilosus and Lactuca scariola. NI(Naturalized Index) was 12.4% of all 411 taxa of surveyed flora in this study and UI(Urbanized Index) was 15.9% of all 321 taxa of naturalized plants in Korea. Potentilla discolor in rare plant, Philadelphus schrenkii in endemic plant and Dictamnus dasycarpus in specific plant were established the conservation plan. Whereas, invasive alien plants such as Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster pilosus and Lactuca scariola should be removed as soon as possible. The damaged sites in Seoak District were divided between wildfire area and farmland. To restore a forest fire site, we will have to apply a natural renewal and community planting. In case of farmland, we will have to do ecological planting using native species and constrcut a forest wetland.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.356-363
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• 2015

In order to study genetic engineering in trees, the characterization of genes and promoters from trees is necessary. We isolated the promoter region (867 bp) of Pagns-LTP from poplar (P. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa) and characterized its activity in transgenic poplar plants using a ${\beta}$-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. High-level expression of the Pagns-LTP transcript was found in poplar roots, while comparatively low-level expression was found in the young leaves. Pagns-LTP mRNA was not detected in other poplar tissues. Additionally, transgenic poplar plants that contained a Pagns-LTP promoter fused to a GUS reporter gene, displayed tissue-specific GUS enzyme activity localized in root tissue. In silico analysis of the Pagns-LTP promoter sequence reveals the presence of several cis-regulatory elements responsive to phytohormones, biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as those regulating tissue-specific expression. These results demonstrate that the Pagns-LTP promoter has tissue-specific expression activity in poplar roots and leaves that may be involved in organ development and plant resistance to various stresses. Therefore, we anticipate that the Pagns-LTP promoter would be a useful tool to genetically optimize woody plants for functional genomics.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.50-63
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• 2007

The development of domestic plant specific emission factors is very important to estimate reliable national emissions management. This study, for the reason, was carried out to obtain advances emission factor for Carbon Dioxide ($CO_2$) by source-specific emission tests from the iron and steel industry sector which is well known as one of the major sources of greenhouse gases ($CO_2$). Emission factors estimated in this study were compared with those of IPCC for evaluation and they were found to be of similar level in the case of $CO_2$. There was no good information available on $CO_2$ plant specific emission factors from the iron and steel industry in Korea so far. The major emission sources of $CO_2$ examined from the iron and steel manufacturing precesses were a hot blast stove, coke oven, sintering furnace, electric arc furnace, heating furnace, and so on. In this study, the concentration of $CO_2$ from the hot blast stove process was the highest among all processes. The $CO_2$ emission factors for a ton of Steel and Iron products (using B-C oil) were estimated to be 0.315 $CO_2$ tonne (by Tier 3 method) and 4.89 $CO_2$ tonne. In addition, emission factor of $CO_2$ for heating furnace process was the highest among all process. Emission factors estimated in this study were compared with those of IPCC for evaluation and they were found to be of similar level in the case of $CO_2$.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.238-246
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• 2005

Rice yield and protein content have been shown to be highly variable across paddy fields. In order to characterize this spatial variability of rice within a field, two-year experiments were conducted in 2002 and 2003 in a large-scale rice field of $6,600m^2$ In year 2004, an experiment was conducted to know if variable rate treatment (VRT) of N fertilizer, that was prescribed for site-specific management at panicle initiation stage, could reduce spatial variation in yield and protein content of rice while increasing yield compared to conventional uniform N topdressing (UN, 33kg N/ha at PIS) method. VRT nitrogen prescription for each grid was calculated based on the nitrogen (N) uptake (from panicle initiation to harvest) required for target rice protein content of $6.8\%$, natural soil N supply, and recovery of top-dressed N fertilizer. The required N uptake for target rice protein content was calculated from the equations to predict rice yield and protein content from plant growth parameters at panicle initiation stage (PIS) and N uptake from PIS to harvest. This model· equations were developed from the data obtained from the previous two-year experiments. The plant growth parameters for the calculation of the required N were predicted non-destructively by canopy reflectance measurement. Soil N supply for each grid was obtained from the experiment of year 2003, and N recovery was assumed to be $60\%$ according to the previous reports. The prescribed VRT N ranged from 0 to 110kg N/ha with an average of 57kg/ha that was higher than 33 kg/ha of UN. The results showed that VRT application successfully worked not only to reduce spatial variability of rice yield and protein content but also to increase rough rice yield by 960kg/ha. The coefficient of variation (CV) for rice yield and protein content was reduced significantly to $8.1\%$ and $7.1\%$ in VRT from $14.6\%$ and $13.0\%$ in UN, respectively. And also the average protein content of milled rice in VRT showed very similar value of target protein content of $6.8\%$. In conclusion the procedure used in this paper was believed to be reliable and promising method for reducing within-field spatial variability of rice yield and protein content. However, inexpensive, reliable, and fast estimation methods of natural N supply and plant growth and nutrition status should be prepared before this method could be practically used for site-specific crop management in large-scale rice field.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to develop specific and sensitive PCR-based procedures for simultaneous detection of economically important plant seed infection pathogenic bacteria and virus, Xanthomonns campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Ecc), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) and Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) in pepper and tomato seeds. Most of pepper and tomato bacterial and virus diseases are responsible for germination and growth obstruction. PCR with arbitral primers: selection of specific primers, performance of PCR with specific primers and determination of the threshold level for pathogens detection. To detect simultaneously the Xcv, Cmm, Ecc, PMMoV and TMGMV in pepper and tomato seeds, five pairs (Cmm-F/R, Ecc-F/R, Xcv-F/R, PMMoV-F/R, TMGMV-F/R) of specific primer were synthesized by primer-blast program. The multiplex PCR for the five pathogens in pepper and tomato seeds could detect specially without interference among primers and/or cDNA of plant seeds and other plant pathogens. The PCR result for pathogen detection using 20 commercial pepper and 10 tomato seed samples, Ecc was detected from 4 pepper and 2 tomato seed samples, PMMoV was detected from 1 pepper seed sample, and PMMoV and TMGMV were simultaneously detected from 1 pepper seed sample.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 2001

This study was conducted to search new target enzymes of novel herbicide candidate. Total of 107 biochemical inhibitors reported to inhibit over than 100 different plant enzymes were purchased from commercial chemical companies. 15 inhibitors and 34 enzymes were selected by germination assay, seedling assay, wheat leaf disc assay, and whole plant assay. Among them, seven compounds of purine, phehyl-hydrazine, o-phenanthroline, oleylamine, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 7,8-benzoquinoline, and aminooxyacetic acid showed high herbicidal activity in the whole plant assay under greenhouse while 7,8-benzoquinone, 8-hydroxyquinoline, 2,2'-dipyridyl, and o-phenanthroline inhibited seed germination of barnyardgrass, rice, and tomato at concentrations of 1.25 to $5{\mu}M$. The compounds of 7,8-benzoquinoline, chlorpromazine, cyanuric fluoride, 4-methylpyrazole, oleylamine, tranylcypromine, and trifluoperazine inhibited the growth of cyanobacteria at 30 to $100{\mu}M$. The compounds of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and chlorpromazine exhibited whitening effect on tile wheat leaf disc at $100{\mu}M$. These results suggest that the plant-specific enzyme inhibitors which have biological activities may supply the target enzyme for developing new herbicide candidate.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.24-39
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• 2021

Background: To address the lack of evidence supporting invasion by three invasive plant species (Imperata cylindrica, Lantana camara, and Chromolaena odorata) in tropical ecosystems, we compared the ecophysiological and leaf anatomical traits of these three invasive alien species with those of species native to Sempu Island, Indonesia. Data on four plant traits were obtained from the TRY Plant Trait Database, and leaf anatomical traits were measured using transverse leaf sections. Results: Two ecophysiological traits including specific leaf area (SLA) and seed dry weight showed significant association with plant invasion in the Sempu Island Nature Reserve. Invasive species showed higher SLA and lower seed dry weight than non-invasive species. Moreover, invasive species showed superior leaf anatomical traits including sclerenchymatous tissue thickness, vascular bundle area, chlorophyll content, and bundle sheath area. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that leaf anatomical traits strongly influenced with cumulative variances (100% in grass and 88.92% in shrubs), where I. cylindrica and C. odorata outperformed non-invasive species in these traits. Conclusions: These data suggest that the traits studied are important for plant invasiveness since ecophysiological traits influence of light capture, plant growth, and reproduction while leaf anatomical traits affect herbivory, photosynthetic assimilate transport, and photosynthetic activity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.483-488
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• 2009

The main objective of this breeding program is to develop high yielding, disease resistance and good processing potato cultivar. 'Gui Valley' is a clonal selection resulting from a cross between 'ND2471-8' and 'Cona'. It has medium plant height and light green foliage. 'Gui Valley' has medium flowering habit and light pink flowers. 'Gui Valley' is a medium maturing potato cultivar and tubers are smooth, yellow skin, light yellow flesh, long-oval tuber shape, distinct red eyes with medium depth and medium dormancy. It has high level of tuber uniformity and good keeping quality. 'Gui Valley' demonstrates resistance to potato virus Y (PVY), soft rot, but moderately susceptible to late blight and common scab. It is also resistant to most of the internal and external physiological disorders particularly dehiscence, hollow heart and internal brown spot. The specific gravity of 'Gui Valley' is significantly higher (1.097) than that of 'Shepody' (1.078). 'Gui Valley' has suitable for processing mainly French fries and chips. This cultivar has high level of tuber uniformity and capable of yielding 37.6 $t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$, which is 18.2% higher than the control potato cultivar 'Shepody' under optimum agronomical practices.