• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2024

Understanding changes in fermentation characteristics and microbial populations of forage silage during ensiling is of interest for improving the nutrient value of the feed for ruminants. This study was conducted to investigate the changes in fermentation characteristics and bacterial communities of whole crop rice (WCR) silage during the ensiling period. The chemical compositions, pH, organic acids and bacterial communities were evaluated at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months after ensiling. The bacterial communities were classified at both the genus and species levels. The dry matter content of WCR silage decreased with the length of storage (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in crude protein and NDF contents. Following fermentation, the pH level of WCR silage was lower than the initial level. The lactic acid content remained at high levels for 3 to 6 months after ensiling, followed by a sharp decline at 12 months (p<0.05). Before fermentation, the WCR was dominated by Weissella (30.8%) and Pantoea (20.2%). Growth of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (31.4%) was observed at 3 months after ensiling. At 6 months, there was a decrease in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (10.2%) and an increase in Levilactobacillus brevis (12.8%), resulting in increased bacteria diversity until that period. The WCR silage was dominated by Lentilactobacillus buchneri (71.2%) and Lacticaseibacillus casei (27.0%) with a sharp reduction in diversity at 12 months. Overall, the WCR silage maintained satisfactory fermentation quality over a 12-month ensiling period. Furthermore, the fermentation characteristics of silage were found to be correlated to bacterial microbiome.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.131-141
• /
• 2007

Genetic variation of Ilex cornuta Lindley et Paxton was examined by sequence analyses of ITS for 65 individuals from Korea and China. The length of ITS 1 ranged from 253 to 259 bp. The 5.8S was 159 bp and ITS2 was observed to be 231 bp. A total of 8 different ITS types (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism haplotypes), which showed the difference of 1 - 6 bp, were detected from 65 individuals. The sequence polymorphisms of ITS appeared at 9 different sites. All of four individuals collected at Daejeong-eup in Jeju-do exhibited different types, but all individuals from Naju-si and Muan-gun in Jeollanam-do were identical. The variation of ITS was higher in Jeju-do population than in inland population. Since I. cornuta contains various types of ITS sequences, ITS analyses will provide important information on genetic diversity and conservation of this species.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.111-118
• /
• 2000

본연구는 울릉도의 성인봉과 태하령 지역의 산림 식생을 대상으로 199년 7-8월에 식생조사와 토양조사에 의한 너도밤나무 군락의 임분구조 및 DCCA ordination을 이용하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 울릉도 산림의 중요치를 각 군락별로 살펴보면 너도밤나무-섬조릿대 군락에서 중요치가 높은 종은 너도밤나무, 우산고로쇠, 마가목, 섬단풍, 섬벚나무 등의 순으로 너도 밤나무-일색고사리 군락은 우산고로쇠 너도밤나무, 마가목 층층나무, 등수국 등의 순으로 나타났다 그리고 너도밤나무-큰두루미꽃 군락에서 중요치가 높은 종은 너도밤나무 우산고로쇠 등수국 마가목 음나무등의 순으로 솔송나무-섬잣나무 군락은 섬잣나무, 너도밤나무, 솔송나무, 회솔나무, 섬피나무 등의 순으로 나타났다. 2. DCCA ordination에 의하면 산림군락과 환경요인과의 상관관계는 다음과 같다 너도밤나무-섬조릿대 군락은 해발고가 높고 네 군락 중 토양수분이나 전절소 유기물 등이 많은 지역에 분포하고 있었다. 너도밤나무-일색고사리 군락은 해발고가 다른 군집보다 높고 토양수분이나 전질소, 유기물 등이 많아 너도밤나무-섬조릿대 군락과 매우 유사한 입지환경을 가진 지역이나 토성 중 clay 가 많이 함유된 지역에 분포하고 있었다. 너도밤나무-큰두루미꽃 군락은 해발고가 네 군락 중 중간지역에 분포하고 있으며 토양수분이나 유기물, 전질소 등도 중간인 지역에 분포하고 있었다. 솔송나무-섬잣나무 군락은 해발고가 낮고 토양수분이나 전질소, 유기물이 적고 sand가 많이 함유된 토양에 분포하고 있었다. 3. 울릉도 산림군락으 Shannon의 종다양도 지수는 0.5455~0.8801으로 비교적 낮은 수치를 나타내고 있다. 또한 너도밤나무 군락에서 분포하고 있는 주요 종의 조서열 중요치 곡선을 보면 전체의 기울기가 완만하여 너도밤나무 군락은 안정적이라 할 수 있다.단 생산성 향상을 위한 세포의 고농도 배양에는 조사한 여러 배양 시스템 중에 가장 효율적인 시스템임올 알 수 있었다 하지만 이 시스템 에서 포도당을 낮은 level로 유지할 수 있었으나, 초산의 과도한 축적으로 항체 생산성의 향상은 예상에 비해 크지 않았다. 81%), C18 0(12.38%), C18: 1(25.93%), C22:6(9.95%)이며 결합지방질(結合脂肪質)은 C14 : 0(11.60%), C16 : 0(18.94%), C16: 1(10.42%). C18 : 1(10.89%), C22 : 6(23.44%)이었다. 총필수지방산(總必須脂肪酸) 함량(含量)은 극성지방질(極成脂肪質)$(20.14{\sim}31.12%)$이 비극성지방질(非極成脂肪質)$(6.97{\sim}11.13%)$보다 훨씬 높았고, 결합지방질(結合脂肪質)이 유리지방질(遊離脂肪質)보다 높았으며 부위별(部位別)로는 피부(皮部)$(15.18{\sim}15.41%)$가 육질부(肉質部)$(6.97{\sim}11.13%)$보다 높았다. 또${\omega}3$고도부포화지방산(高度不飽和脂肪酸) 함량(含量)은 육질부(肉質部)$(15.15{\sim}28.32%)$가 피부(皮部)$(6.77{\sim}18.18%)$나 내장부(內臟部)$(8.35{\sim}9.74%)$보다 높았으며, 육질부(肉質部)에서는 극성지방질(極成脂肪質)$(26.28{\sim}34.18%)$이 비극성지방질(非極成脂肪質)$(15.15{\sim}28.32%)$보다 높았다.veral world-wide prediction models. Based on the analysis, we can easilty know

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.34 no.8
• /
• pp.533-540
• /
• 2012

The concentration of organic compounds was analyzed at each step of BAC (biological activated carbon) process though BDOC (biodegradable dissolved organic carbon) total/rapid/slow. Further, bacteria communities and biomass concentrations measured DGGE (denaturing gradirnt gel electrophoresis) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) methods were analyzed. The bed volume of steady state is different based on assessment of organic compounds removal. Bed volumes at steady state in DOC, $BDOC_{rapid}$ and $BDOC_{total/slow}$ removal were around 27,500, 15,000 and 32,000, respectively. A biomass didn't change after the bed volume reached 22,500 according to analyzing HPC (heterotrophic plate count) and ATP concentration of bacteria. The concentration of HPC and ATP were $3.3{\times}10^8$ cells/g and $2.14{\mu}g/g$, respectively. The number of the DGGE band were only 5 at the bed volume 8,916, but increased up to 11 at the bed volume 49,632. As operation time increase, bacterial group were more diversity. Four bacteria species including Pseudomonas fluorescens, the uncultured bacterium similar to Acinetobacteria, uncultured Novosphingobium sp. and Flavobacterium frigidarium have detected from the early stages and Proteobacteria group were dominantly detected.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.317-329
• /
• 2012

It is increasing to make an efforts on preventing natural river environment and preserving natural river ecosystem as development is unavoidable. In the case of inconsistent river flow caused by reservoir development, fishway is an alternative to secure fish diversity and preserve existing river ecosystem but existing fishway was established without full study for their functions. In this study, hydraulic characteristics of natural fishway established on Beakje weir's right side were analyzed. The results show that the fishway has reasonable depth and velocity condition which inhabit condition is enough for a dominant species. For assessing the optimal design of fishway, the Weighted Usable Area (WUA) was calculated by using two dimensional numerical model under the ordinary flow condition. The comparison results for various pool widths in the fishway show that the designed width has maximum WUA for adult Zacco platypus but WUA is maximized with 1m wider pool width than designed width for spawning.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.294-303
• /
• 2013

BACKGROUND: It is well known that rice-fields can provide excellent foraging places for birds including seasonal migrants, wintering, and breeding and hence the high biodiversity of rice-fields may be expected. However, how environmental change including climate-changes on life-history and population dynamics in birds on rice-fields has not been fully understood. In order to investigate how climate-change affects population migratory patterns and migration timing, I modeled a population dynamics of birds in rice-fields over a whole year. METHODS AND RESULTS: I applied the Lotka-Volterra equation to model the population dynamics of birds that have been foraging/visiting rice-fields in Korea. The simple model involves the number of interspecific individuals and temperature, and the model parameters are periodic in time as the biological activities related to the migration, wintering and reproduction are seasonal. As results, firstly there was a positive relationship between the variation of seasonal population sizes and temperature change. Secondly, the reduced lengths of season were negatively related to the population size. Overall, the effects of the difference of lengths of season on seasonal population dynamics were higher than the effects of seasonal temperature change. CONCLUSION(S): Climate change can alter population dynamics of birds in rice-fields and hence the variation may affect the fitness, such as reproduction, survival and migration. The unstable balances of population dynamics in birds using paddy rice field as affected by climate change can reduce the population growth and species diversity in rice fields. The results suggest that the agricultural production is partly affected by the unstable balance of population in birds using rice-fields.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 2010

The environmental risks of cucumber mosaic virus resistant transgenic chili peppers with the CMVP0-CP gene on non-target organisms in the agroecosystem environments was evaluated during the periods of the chili pepper growing season (June 19, July 30, August 31) in 2007. Arthropods assemblages leaves and flowers of chili peppers were quantitatively collected by using an insect vacuum collector to compare the arthropod community structures between non-transgenic chili peppers (nTR, P 915) and mosaic virus resistant transgenic chili peppers (TR, CMV-cp, line 7). There was no statistical difference in the arthropod community structure between the two types of crops, nTR and TR, at the same season, although the species richness and Shannon's index were somewhat different among seasons; indicating no effects of genetically modified peppers on the arthropod community. However, further studies were required to conclude more concretely for the potential environmental risk of the transgenic chili pepper of CMV-cp.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.221-226
• /
• 2009

Six microsatellite DNA markers were used to investigate the genetic variability between wild populations and cultured stocks of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The average of observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.722 to 0.959, and from 0.735 to 0.937, respectively. There was no distinguishable difference between the wild populations and cultured stocks in terms of the observed and expected heterozygosities. However, number of alleles per locus differed markedly between the two fish groups: 19.7 to 21.8 for the wild populations and 12.0 to 14.7 for the cultured stocks. This result gives important information concerning the production of seedling for the improvement of genetic diversity in this species.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.32-39
• /
• 2020

Rhododendron mucronulatum, native to Korea, Mongolia, Russia and parts of northern China, is known not only for its medicinal properties but also as a tourist attraction. One of the most famous tourist destinations with R. mucronulatum is in Biseul Mountain County Park, Daegu, Korea. To investigate the relationship between R. mucronulatum and microbiome communities in the surrounding soil, three sites within the park were chosen for sampling in February and August. The soil samples were then passed through a pyrosequencing process for analysis of the bacterial communities, and a total of 404,899 sequencing reads were obtained. Between 2,349 and 4,736 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed across the three sampling zones and two seasons; samples from the park entrance showed a higher number of OTUs than the other two sites, and samples from August had more OTUs than those from February. The sample from the second observation site displayed the fewest OTUs, particularly in February. According to Chao1 and Shannon indices, samples from the park entrance in August demonstrated the highest degree of species richness and diversity. Studying the bacterial communities across the six samples identified the common population as comprising 287 genera, 45 of which are only present in Biseul Mountain County Park and are expected to participate in the colonization of R. mucronulatum.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.135-139
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the forage production and feed value of Sasa borealis (S. borealis) in Jeju Island in order to improve the utilization of Sasa borealis and to help mitigate the problem of reduced plant species diversity caused by S. borealis in Hanlla Mountain. To investigate the forage production, three quadrat structures were installed in the S. borealis natural community in the middle part of Hanlla Mountain. From May to October 2017, S. borealis in quadrats was cut at a fixed time of each month, and then forage production and regenerated acidity per kg/ha were evaluated. For the evaluation of feed value, compositional analysis was performed on the monthly samples. In vitro digestion experiments were carried out using cannula mounted Hanwoo. In vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility(IVNDFD) and in vitro acid detergent fiber digestibility(IVADFD) were measured after the experiment. Forage production of S. borealis showed relatively good regeneration ability in May and June, but the regeneration ability decreased as the cutting was repeated. In order to use S. borealis as a forage, it is considered efficient to feed black goats with good fiber decomposition or horses good palatability to S. borealis and relatively good digestibility.