• 약학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.258-269
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• 2010

As people are easy to access the National Health Insurance, medical health service has been increased. It contributed to extend human's average life expectancy and to get better health care. But also increased unnecessary health service or inappropriate drug use. Therefore, DUR (Drug Use Review) is needed to induce appropriate drug use. The purpose of this study is to evaluate outpatient prescriptions by General Practitioner (GP) and Specialized Practitioner, especially indication for ENT referral including common cold which is the frequent indications that have patient see doctor. This study was reviewed retrospectively prescriptions for ENT referral collected at the A pharmacy for ENT Clinic in Cheong-Ju, B pharmacy for GP Clinic in BoEun from Feb 2nd, 2009 to Feb 28th, 2009. Each pharmacy located closed to the each enrolled clinic. The numbers of collected prescriptions were each A pharmacy (n=2501), B pharmacy (n=1343). This study was classified Drug Related Problems (DRPs) those prescriptions had as total 6 groups according to following 6 categories; 1) Unnecessary Drug, 2) Wrong Drug, 3) Low Dose, 4) Overdose, 5) Wrong Instruction, 6) Wrong Combination. In results, Specialized Practitioner's prescriptions had more DRPs than General Practitioner's prescriptions (ENT 155.34% vs GP 130.01%). In detail, Specialized Practitioner's prescriptions had more DRPs in Low Dose (ENT 16.95% vs GP 4.77%), Overdose (ENT 6.72% vs G.P 5.51%), Wrong Instruction (ENT 7.91% vs GP 5.81%), Wrong Combination (ENT 29.31% vs GP 25.09%). These DRPs would be caused from lack of consideration for dosage and drug interaction. General Practitioner's prescriptions had more DRPs in Unnecessary Drug (ENT 70.37% vs GP 78.85%), Wrong drug (ENT 4.12% vs GP 9.98%). These DRPs would be associated with drug selection. This study was assumed that Specialized Practitioner is better prescriber than General Practitioner because Specialized Practitioner complete additional intern and residency training. But, Specialized Practitioner is not always better prescriber than General Practitioner. Furthermore, prescriptions of both Specialized Practitioner and General Practitioner had many problems. In conclusion, It could be cut down the excessive medical expense and expected more efficient medical care by reducing DRPs, thus contributing to the improvement of national health. In order to pharmacist must have good professional ability of pharmacotherapy to help the physician for the drug selection.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.76-93
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• 2018

이 연구의 목적은 데이컴(DACUM) 직무 분석기법을 활용하여 특성화고 산학협력 부장 교사의 직무를 분석하는 것이다. 연구의 내용은 특성화고 산학협력부장 교사의 직무를 구성하는 임무와 작업을 도출하여 순서를 매긴 후, 작업별 중요도, 난이도, 수행 빈도를 정하고 입직 초기에 갖추어야 할 핵심 능력인지의 여부를 구분하여 제시하는 것이다. 최종적으로 직무분석 결과를 토대로 특성화고 산학협력부장 교사의 데이컴 차트를 개발하였다. 데이컴 직무분석을 위한 워크숍은 Level-I 자격증을 소지한 데이컴 분석가 1명, 5년 이상 경력을 가진 데이컴 위원 8명, 서기 1명, 실무자 1명으로 구성하여 이틀동안 진행하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 특성화고 산학협력부장 교사란 특성화고 산업수요 맞춤형고 등에서 취업진로지도, NCS 기반 현장실습운영, 산학관관계구축, 대외사업운영, 산학협력행정업무, 담당교과교수 등을 수행하는 보직교사로 정의하였다. 둘째, 산학협력부장 교사의 직무 영역은 7개의 임무(duties)와 80개의 작업(tasks)이 도출되었다. 산학협력부장 교사의 7개 임무는 '취업 진로 지도', 'NCS 기반 현장 실습 운영', '산학관 관계 구축', '대외 사업 운영', '산학 협력 행정 업무', '담당 교과 교수활동', '자기계발'이다. 이들 임무 중 가장 많은 작업은 '담당 교과 교수활동'으로 17개의 작업이 확인되었다. 셋째, 각 작업마다 중요도, 난이도 및 수행 빈도를 정도에 따라 각각 높음(A), 보통(B), 낮음(C)으로 구분하고, 전문가들의 합의를 통해 입직 초기에 갖추어야 할 핵심 능력인지의 여부를 구분하였다. 넷째, 직무 분석 결과를 토대로 특성화고 산학협력부장 교사의 데이컴 직무분석 차트를 제시하였다. 또한 산학협력부장 교사의 직무에 종사하면서 필요한 일반 지식과 능력, 사용되는 공구, 기계, 자재 및 소모품의 목록을 도출하고, 작업자의 태도와 산학협력부장 교사의 장래 전망과 특성을 제시하였다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.773-784
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• 2021

Objectives: This study presents the basic data necessary to explore the methods used of Korean dental hygienists to resolve oral health inequalities in Korea via reviewing the professionalization trend of American dental hygienists. Methods: The supervision levels of American dental hygienists, and system of dental therapists were analyzed using the data published by the relevant associations. Results: In America, dental hygienists help address oral health inequalities. However, due to limitations in the supervision levels and scope of practice of dental hygienists, the autonomy of dental hygienists was expanded, and mid-level practitioner were employed. The autonomy for dental hygiene practice was higher in public than in private in America. Some states have introduced dental therapists as mid-level practitioners. Their practice settings have limitations such as serving low-income, uninsured, and underserved patients or serving in a dental health professional shortage area. Conclusions: It is necessary to expand the autonomy of dental hygienists based on their profession. In particular, it is suggested that they start with the low-risk level practices. Further, it is necessary to introduce a dental hygiene specialist system specialized for fields with high social demands.

• 대한간호
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.65-71
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• 1992

In nursing, a practice discipline, it has been argued whether the mastery of clinical competence depends on types of learning styles, learning experience, and the use of specialized skills. All these problems are not limited to nursing education. Later educators identified the importance of reflective learning which is a vital element in any form of learning and that teachers and students need to consider how they can incorporate some forms of reflection in the courses. The purpose of this study is to review educational articles for understanding better what reflection in learning is, to identify the theme which is of important relevance to professional practice, from the book, Educating the reflective practitioner, and to discuss the theme within nursing education. Reflection in learning was defined by Dewey(1933) as the process which is involved the perception of relationships and connections between the parts of an experience. This experience is passed on when two people becoming involved with each other in a conversation. schon(1987) emphasized that learning conversation, which is a part of the interaction of student and teacher, is an important factor of the process of reflection-om-actopm. In clinical nursing education, good relationships between teacher and student, faculty's role, interpersonal skills are critical in learning conversation. Then Practing nurses who accept the need to choose nursing actionss on the basis of reflection, who accepet the necessity for understanding and being able to communicate the reasons for action are a powerfful force for the development of nursing into an increasingly more effective profession for the benefit of patients.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2024

Purposes: This study aims to analyze the correlation with the current status of the medical resident application rate, physician's income, and non-benefit rates of majors in each specialty subject and to suggest implications. Methodology: First, it analyzes the correlation between the medical resident application rate by specialty subject and the income of physicians. Second, it analyzes the correlation between the income of specialists and the non-benefit rate for each specialty subject at the clinic level. Findings: First, a significant positive correlation was found between the medical resident application rate and the average physician's income for each specialty subject (r=.718, p<.01). Second, a significant positive correlation was observed between physician income at the practitioner level by medical specialty and the non-benefit rate (r=.726, p<.01). Practical Implications: In this study, the correlation between medical resident application rate by specialty subject and physician's income, non-payment and physician's income was confirmed. Choosing a department that is less risky and can earn higher income is a natural phenomenon, but it is necessary to adjust the physicians crowding phenomenon to a specific specialty subject at the government level to maintain the medical system.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2005

전문의는 일반의(General Practitioner)와는 차별된 전문성을 가지고 증상의 난이도가 높은 환자를 처리하는 능력이 요구되는 진료과목의 필요성을 기반으로 하고 있다. 또한 전문의제도는 국민의료적인 측면에서 임상 각 분야에 있어 단일과목을 전공하는 의사를 양성하여 그들로 하여금 의료 전 과목에 관한 기본적 이론과 실기를 교육받은 일반의사의 능력에서 벗어나는 진료기능을 의료전달체계에서 담당하도록 하여 국민의료의 향상을 기하는 데 있다. 한편, 구강내과는 악안면 통증, 연조직 질환, 법의치과분야, 구강진단분야를 다루는 전문과목으로서 그 전문성이 매우 중요한데, 구강내과학적 측면에서 비추어 볼 때, 현대화 사회로 갈수록 현대인들은 대도시 중심의 생활환경의 변화와 함께 일상적 스트레스가 증가함에 따라 측두하악장애, 구강내 연조직 질환, 삼차신경통과 같은 신경병변 등의 유병율이 증가하고 있으며, 이에 대한 환자들의 의존도가 높아지고 있는 추세이다. 이에 본 연구는 2004년 8월부터 2005년 4월까지 연세대학교 치과대학병원 구강내과 외래에 내원한 초진환자 3,707명을 대상으로 하여, 의뢰율 및 내원경로를 중심으로 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 구강내과에 의뢰된 전문 진료분야로는 구강안면통증, 구강 연조직 질환, 법의치과분야, 구강진단분야로 나타났다. 2. 구강내과에 의뢰된 환자의 비율은 58.51%로 과반수를 넘는 환자들이 의뢰되었다. 3. 의뢰환자 중 의뢰기관의 영역분석을 시행한 결과, 치과에서 의뢰된 경우가 83.23%로 가장 많았고 의과 및 한의과 영역에서 의뢰된 경우는 16.78%를 보였다. 4. 자의내원한 환자 중 인터넷 및 매스미디어에서 구강내과 전문분야에 대한 사전 검색 및 주변의 권유에 의해 내원한 환자들이 응답자의 30.52%를 차지하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 구강내과는 대부분 의뢰된 환자를 진료하고 있으며, 치과영역 뿐 아니라 의과영역에서의 의뢰율이 높은 것으로 보아 치과영역에서는 일반의들이 치료할 수 없는 수준의 진료영역을 담당하고 있는 것으로 볼 수 있으며 의과학 분야에서는 구강내과학적 전문성을 요하는 질환을 구강내과와 협진하에 해결하려는 것으로 사료되어 전문과목으로서 구강내과학의 역할과 비중이 매우 높음을 확인할 수 있었고, 이는 향후 전문치의제도 인력수급 및 이의 기반이 되는 전공의의 정원책정에서 시장적 접근 및 규범적 접근의 기초자료로 활용되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2007

[ $\ulcorner$ ]의료기사 등에 관한 법률$\lrcorner$에는 다수 직종을 총괄하여 규정하고 있어 방사선사 업무의 전문성 향상과 방사선의료기술에 대한 국민의 건강권을 보장하기 어렵다. 따라서 방사선사에 관련된 법령을 개별적으로 제정하는것이 요청된다. 개별법으로서 방사선사법은 궁극적으로 국민의 건강증진을 목적으로 하는 방사선사의 책임규제에 관한 법으로 제정되어야 한다. 이를 위해 전문방사선사에 대한 규정을 신설하고 보수교육과 면허관리제도의 강화를 통하여 국민들이 보다 수준 높은 양질의 방사선의료기술을 제공받을 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 또한 방사선사의 역할과 업무를 명확히 규정하여 국민에게 제공되는 의료방사선서비스의 질적 수준을 확보하여야 한다. 정부기관에는 의료방사선정책심의위원회를 두어 의료방사선의 안전관리와 방사선사 인력의 수급, 기타 의료방사선정책에 관한 중요한 사항이 검토되고, 심의되어야 한다. 그밖에 방사선조사선량의 기록, 관리를 통하여 방사선피폭으로부터 국민의 건강보호를 위한 규정도 필요하며, 팀의료의 일원으로서 방사선사의 지위가 보장되어야 한다.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.72-77
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• 2018

Observation of the current Korean medical education and training system shows that certain negative traits of unchangeable solidification engraft themselves so deeply into the overarching system that they are now hampering the state of the national health welfare. Focusing only on undergraduate medical education, we can point out some glaring side-effects that should be of concern to any stakeholder. For instance, a graduate can legally begin his career as an independent practitioner immediately after passing the licensing exam and return to the old stuck school-year system of 2-year-premedical and 4-year-medical programs where outcome-based and integrated curricula are incomplete and unsatisfactory. In terms of learning opportunities, the balance between patient care and public health, as well as that between in-hospital highly specialized practice and community-based general practice, has worsened. Every stakeholder should be aware of these considerations in order to obtain the insight to forge a new direction. Moreover, our medical schools must prepare our students to take on the global roles of patient care within the Fourth Industrial Revolution, health advocacy for the imminent super-aged society, and education and research in the bio-health industry, by building and applying the concept of academic medicine. We will need to invest more resources, including educational specialists, into the current undergraduate medical education system in order to produce proper outcomes, smart curriculum, innovative methods of teaching and learning, and valid and reliable monitoring and evaluation. The improved quality of undergraduate medical education is the starting point for the success of the national system for public health and medical care as a whole, and therefore its urgency and significance should be emphasized to the public. The medical society should go beyond fixing what is broken and usher in a new era of cooperation and collaboration that invites other health professionals, governmental partners, law-makers, opinion leaders, and the general public in its steps toward the future.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this survey was to identify a set of performance indicators for Korean APNs (Advanced Practice Nurses). Methods: A convenience sample of 78 APNs working in 2 leading hospitals in south Korea participated in the three-round Delphi survey. In the first round, subjects were asked to propose performance indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of their practice. They rated the relevancy of each indicator during the second round. In the final round of survey, subjects rated the relevancy of indicators again in the light of second round's overall results and they also were asked to check on current and future use of indicators. Results: After 5 months of three-round Delphi survey, 60 performance indicators were identified. In regard to relevancy, the 10 highly ranked indicators were patient satisfaction, self-care ability, expertise of service, family satisfaction, nurse satisfaction, satisfaction in nursing education, advanced nursing service count, education for patient/ family, education for nurse, and compliance. Advanced nursing service count, education for patient/ family, and education for nurse are currently used as indicators by more than 70% of respondents. Conclusion: Additional research is needed to identify subsets of performance indicators for specialized areas and to determine the validity and sensitivity of indicators.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.757-766
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• 2002

Purpose: Recently there have been many changes in health care environments in Korea. To perform public health programs effectively and efficiently, it is necessary to analyze and identify the demand and supply for the public health nurses. Method: The study analyzed experts' opinions regarding the supply of public health nurses, as well as national and foreign statistical data on workforce supply of public health nurses. Two methods for estimating the amount of demand for public health nurses were used: one was applying the indicators of developed countries for public health nurses based on population: the other was to refer to regulations and/or recommended guidelines in Korea. Result: 1) The number of public health centers, public health sub-centers, and primary health care posts have decreased between 1990 and 2001, from 260 to 242, 1318 to 1270, 2038 to 1907, respectively. 2) Between 1997 and 2002, the number of public health nurses has also decreased from 5572 to 5112. 3) In the case of applying regulations, the number (5112) of existing public health nurses falls shortly by 942. 4) In 2001, the Korean population per one public health nurse was 9262. 5) In the case of applying regulations, the number of public health nurses required to meet the demand for health services in 2001 and 2020 is estimated at 5932 and 6347, respectively. 6) In the case of applying the indicators of developed countries, the number of public health nurses required to meet the demand for health service in 2001 and 2020 is estimated at 9.469 and 10.310, respectively. Conclusion and suggestions: Because of the importance of public health industry, public health nurses have been approved as a field specialist and specialized nurse practitioner by the newly revised legal regulation, there have been absence of approval of their role differentiation and capability. In addition, organizational activity and insufficient number of the public health nurses have contributed to the inactive utilization of them. As community public health is focused on caring individuals as well as organizations, it requires more autonomy and special skills than other fields. Therefore, public health nurses need to enhance the capability as health educator, consultant, and information management persons through advanced education course for public health nurses. Public health nurses need to be prepared as advanced nurse practitioners by receiving advanced education courses and field experiences.