• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.711-720
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the purchase of special and cooking patterns of eggs. This survey was carried out through questionnaire and the subjects were 435 housewives whose children were middle or high school students in Kyunggi-do and Inchon. The results are summarized as follows : 1) As for age, 66.4% of subjects were 40 years or older. Also 57.1% of subjects received a high school education. As for occuption, full-time housewives accounted for 60.5%. Monthly family income of 39.1 % was 1-2 million won. As for monthly cost of food, 51.7% of subjects paid less than 500 thousand won. Also 40.2% of subjects lived in apartments. 2)Most housewives knew about the sale of special eggs. However, they perceived that the price of special eggs was expensive. 3) The higher their age, education level. household income and food cost, were, the more frequent their purchase of special eggs was. 4) The reason for their purchasing special eggs was in order of nutrition and freshness. 5) Most housewives didn't trust the brands of special eggs. 6) The most popular method of cooking eggs was fried-eggs. Therefore, it is necessary to provide cheap, fresh and nutritious special eggs. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(5) : 711∼720, 1997)

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.491-501
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the storage and cooking of eggs in addition to the purchase of special eggs. This survey was tarried out through questionnaire and subjects were 429 housewives whose children were middle or high school students in Kyunggi-do and Inchon. Most housewives began to purchase special eggs one year ago. When housewives purchased special eggs, the first consideration was in order of nutrition, freshness, price and preference. The higher housewives' education level was, the higher they took nutrition into consideration. More than half of housewives replied that the proper package of special eggs was 10 eggs or more, and perceived that the period between producers of eggs and consumers was less than 5 days. Most housewives did the freshness test by checking roughness of shell surface or the interior quality of egg yolk and white after purchase. Also most housewives stored eggs in the inside rack of refrigerator door. Most housewives served dishes made from eggs more than 2 or 3 times per week and perceived that soft-boiled eggs are foods easy of digestion. These results suggested that it is necessary to supply fresh and nutritious eggs and to develop various dishes made from eggs for quickly-prepared meals.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1999

The features of special brand eggs are growing more and more diverse and it is hard to draw a clear distinction between these and ordinary (no-brand) eggs. Special brand eggs range from those with objectively recognizable characteristics to those given only an unsubstantial product image and price differentials are among them great, too. The relation between product features and prices is unclear. Special brand eggs are the commodity whose characteristics are the vaguest of all livestock products. Farm's brand eggs produce a high profitability to producers is they are directly sold to consumers, by, for example, home-delivery service. But if they are sold to supermarkets, etc., producer's (poultry farmer's) income becomes lower by the amount of distributors' margin, reducing the profitability substantially. Thus how to increase the ration of retailing is important for farmers to secure a high profit. The sales strategies of poultry are the combination of two elements, that is, new product development (product differentiation) and creation of new market. But it is difficult for special brand egg producers to develop products with clear characteristics (use value) distinct form ordinary eggs and so these producers depend on the factors of appearance, such as the color of egg shells and package. Special brand eggs manage to keep their marketable value by the combination of the few product features and product image. Thus NB eggs from feed producers have a great market-ability since they can take advantage of the power of patents and TV commercials. However, market differentiation affects profitability much more than product features and price gaps are very wide between directly sold and wholesaled eggs. The producers of special brand eggs have come to the turning point where they have to decide whether they will content with being the subcontractors for NB and PB eggs or they will continue to keep their independence in production and marketing.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 1999

According to the importance(production ratio) of special brand eggs, poultry farma can be classified into four types(Types I to IV). A close relation can be observed between these types and farm scale. Special brand eggs used to be the speciality of small-scale, suburban poultry farms. Recently, however, the production of these eggs has been adopted by medium and large farms, too, and is increasing throughout Japan. In particular, small-scale farms specializing in these eggs have attained a high profit and take a characteristic management from as opposed to large-scale poultry farming that adopts the \"small profit and quick returns\" strategy. Because of this, the meaning of special brand egg production to farm management differs according to farm scale. For small poultry farmers, it means securing a high profitability and for medium and large producers, improving the corporate image or meeting the needs for assortment of retailers.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1971

년간 누에의 다회육을 하는 경우 어떠한 잠종을 어떻게 처리하여서 여기에 응할 수 있겠는가 하는 시험을 6월 상순부터 9월상순까지 매일 매일마다 처리한 잠종에 대하여 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 6월 상, 중순에 사육한 잠종은 복식냉장법과 단식냉장법과에서 차이가 없었으나, 6월 하순용 잠종은 복식냉장법이 양호하였다. 2) 7월 중순용 잠종은 즉침산냉장법이 양호하였다. 3) 7월 하순용 잠종은 즉침산냉장법이 양호하였으나 단기인공처리법에서는 재검토를 요한다. 4) 8월 하순용 잠종은 단기인공처리법으로서는 더욱 검토하여야 하고 또한 다른 방법을 강구하여야 하겠다. 5) 8월 중순용 잠종은 냉침법이 양호하나, 단기인공처리법도 가능성이 있어 앞으로 검토를 요한다. 6) 9월 상순용은 종래와 같은 냉침법이 양호하고, 또 냉침법은 앞으로 검토를 요한다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2015

Nothobranchius guentheri and Nothobranchius patrizii have special life cycle to sustain the dry season. So, we investigated the fertilized eggs morphology, and compared ultrastructures of surface structures and the cross section of fertilized egg envelopes using light and electron microscopes to determine whether these fertilized eggs and egg envelopes show the species specificity or have special structure to sustain the dry season. These fertilized eggs were spherical, yellowish, demersal and adhesive, and had a one-sided large oil droplet. The whip-like structures, adhesive filament were distributed throughout egg envelope in both species. But, that of N. guentheri was covered with fibrous structures, and that of N. patrizii was smooth. The egg envelope consisted of two distinct layers: an outer, electron-dense layer containing adhesive filaments and an inner layer of 16 to 17 horizontal electron-dense lamellae alternating with 15 to 16 interlamellae of lower electron density in both species. The external shapes of fertilized egg and section of fertilized egg envelope were same, but ultrastructure of adhesive filaments on the outer surface was concluded to show species specificity. Our data indicate that the ultrastructural differences of adhesive filament and outer surface of fertilized egg envelope show species specificity although these species belong to same genus.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2000

점자 다양화되어 가는 시중 유통 특수란에 대한 소비자들의 인지도와 소비형태 등을 조사하여 특수란 소비에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시한 본 조사에서는 총 347명의 설문조사 결과를 분석하였으며 연령, 직업, 소득, 가족수 등의 일반적인 조사와 특수란에 대한 기초도 조사를 중심으로 한 결과 분석에서 계란은 상가나 수퍼에서 구입하였으며 주로 일반란의 구입이 많았으며 특수란 구입경험은 80.1%로 나타나 대부분의 주부가 특수란 구입 경험이 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 특수란에 대하여는 비싸다는 의견이 다수를 차지했다. 품질 좋은 특수란의 재구매에 대한 의향은 69.7%가동의하여 특수란 구매의제일 우선은 품질이라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 직업, 학력에 다른 특수란 구입과의 관계 분석에서는 접업 주부가 직장인에 비해 식품구매횟수와 주당 소비량이 더 높게 나타났으며 초대졸 이상의 집단에서는 특수란에 대해 구입 경향이 고졸 이하에서 보다 더 높게 나타났다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2000

계란에 함유되어 있는 영양소 함량을 좌우하는 주요한 요인은 사료적 요인에 의한 닭의 영양상태라 할 수 있으며, 이러한 사료적 변화에 현저하게 반응을 나타내는 것은 다수의 미량괄물질, 비타민, 불포화지방산 등이다. 본 실험에서는 지방산 강화란 16종, 비타민 강화란 4종 및 일반란 10종에 대해서 선분 함량을 분석하였으며, 지방사나 강화한 제품의 경우 16개사 제품에서 모두 DHA가 검출되었고, 6개사를 제외한 10개사의 제품에서 EPA가 검출되었다. DHA 함량은 두 개사 제품에서 69.84 mg, 46.16 mg을 나타낸 반면 대부분의 제품에서 100~300 mg 미만의 DHA 함량을 나타내었으며, $\omega$6/$\omega$3비율은 16개사 제품 모두 다른 비율을 나타내었다. 비타민 강화란은 비타민 A와 E를 동시 분리, 정량하였으며 비타민 A와 E 함량은 4개사 제품에서 유의차가 나타나지 않았으며, 일반란과의 비교에서도 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 요오드 강화란 및 사포니 강화란과 비교해서 유의적으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다.(P<0.05) 이상의 결과에서 특수란의 특수성분 함량은 각 브랜드별로 다양한 분포를 보였으며 특히 비타민 강화란의 경우 일반란과의 차별성이 크게 나타나지 않았다. 이는 특수란 제품에 대한 소비자의 신뢰도를 저하시킬 수 있어 앞으로 이에 대해 관리 및 대책이 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• 의료법학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.227-255
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• 2011

Recently, many nations said "yes" to human embryonic stem cell research, signing an executive order to permit funding for the research in the mame of achieving health and life of humankind. Human Embryo Research is permitted by our Bioethics & Biosafety Act. But, illegal research cannot be divorced from civil liability since it requires the destruction of eggs of fertilized eggs and personal rights of embryo-creator. After all, though we allow to do research embryo, we should control the capacity of abuse of embryo research for embryo-creator. If research violate the law(Bioethics & Biosafety Act or Civil Law, etc), it comes to a delict by pecuniary loss and non-pecuniary loss. When it comes to pecuniary loss, Human Embryo is not body but special property. Supreme Court maintained a stance that mental suffering is generally deemed as compensable for damages for the loss of property where a person's property right is invaded by a tort or non-performance of obligation. Thus, where mental suffering occurs, which cannot be compensated by recovery of property losses, the situation must be a special circumstance and the injured could claim consolation money for such losses only if the offender knew or would have known of such special circumstances(Supreme Court Decision 96Da31574 delivered on Nov, 26, 1996, etc.). That is to say, Supreme Court regards mental suffering through person's property right invaded by a tort as damages that have arisen through special circumstances. According to Civil law article 393 (2), the injured could claim consolation money for such losses only if only if the offender had foreseen or could have foreseen such circumstances. Also our court will solve through damages for non-pecuniary loss by complementary function of consolation money in that pecuniary loss could be difficult to valuate.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2002

본 조사는 계란 유통실태 및 위생상태를 파악하여 품질향상과 위생관리에 도움이 되는 자료를 제공하고자, 2001년 3~4개월에 인천광역시 5개 백화점 식품매장에서 총 57종의 계란을 구입하여 조사하였다. 계란의 포장은 10개 이하의 소량 단위포장 비율이 높았고, 전 품목을 실온에서 보관하였다. 유통기한은 40종(70.2%)이 28일 이상으로 표기하였다. 유통되는 특수란은 31종(54.4%) 이었다. 유통기한과 산란일자는 모든 품목에서 표시되었으며 주로 상표나 난좌에 표기되었다. 내용량에 대한 표시는 38종(66.6%)만이 실시하였다. 난각에 분변이나 털이 있는 경우 27건(9.5%), 난각이 기형이거나 깨진 경우 11건(3.9%), 난 내용물에 혈반이나 육반등의 이물이 있는 경우는 42건(14.7%), 상한 계란은 5건(1.8%)이 유통되었다. Haugh Unit(HU)검사결과 평균은 56.1이었으며, HU 31 미만의 품질저하 계란은 18개(6.3%)이었고,총 57종 중 12종(21.1%)에서 1개 이상의 품질저하 계란이 조사되었다. 난각의 일반세균 오염수준은 <10-8.2$\times$$10^3$cfu/ml로 고르게 분포하였고, 대장균은 8건(4.7%)이 검출되었다. 총 28개의 계란(난황)에서 Salmonella enteritidis는 검출되지 않았고, 계란에 잔류하는 항생물질은 1종에서 테트라사이클린 계열이 검출되었다. 그 동안 위생관리의 사각지대에 있었던 계란에 대한 품질관리와 유통개선을 위한 법적, 제도적 근거가 마련되면, 계란의 표시 및 품질기준 등 사양관리에서부터 유통단계에 이르는 전반적인 안전성 관리방안이 검토되고 보완되어야할 것이다.