• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.37-49
• /
• 2014

This paper aims to interpret the transformation process of town plan of Gosan-up(高山), which was provincial administrative focus town in Josun dynasty, basing on morphological viewpoint. Morphological concepts, such as morphological frame, urban plan, kernel, colonization, route system, fixation line, fringe belt, plan unit & plan division, morphological period derived from the study of Conzen, M.R.G. and Caniggia, G. epidome district, break point, broken plot, urban fallow, privatization are adopted for the interpretation of urban form. Morphological period of Gosan can be divided in four ; formation of kernel & morphological structure, disintegration & redevelopment of the kernel, augmentative development of the kernel & formation of modern epidome district, outwards expanding of urbanized area, transition & reorganization of epidome district. Especially public leading projects such as construction of new regional connection road and public facilities such as myeon(township) office, agricultural cooperatives federation office, market, are main factors of morphological transformation of townplan. In the early stage, under the Japanese imperialism, construction of the new matrix route(Gosan-ro) through the kernel and followed planned routes gave way to disintegrating traditional areal plan unit and forming small block plan units in administrative facilities area. And linear plan units with commercial buildings were formed along the new matrix route and planned route adjacent to periodical market. In the latter stage, with development of public facilities, private sectors' large circulation institution and terminal outside the kernel with planned routes formed areal block based plan units with commercial and public buildings. And part of the spatial area with the linear plan unit were turned into urban fallow. With the transformation of town plan, new roads outside the kernel have substituted for traditional fixation line of waterway with road and topographical feature. Fringe belts were made successively along the new road and around the major intersections outside of existing urbanized area. Land use in fringe belts, constituting of outer locational tendency early on formation, was gradually replaced with commercial & business buildings.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.12
• /
• pp.638-643
• /
• 2017

The 3D laser scanner operates by measuring the distance from the sensor to the target and operates on the same principle as Electronic Distance Measuring (EDM). Recently, 3D laser scanning technology has been rapidly developed in line with the strongly increasing demand for 3D information acquisition. Therefore, it is now possible to more easily acquire geometric information of various objects existing in real space. In this study, we constructed geospatial information by using new equipment which integrated 3D laser scanner and total station, and we suggest the possibility of using new technology for geospatial information construction by comparing and analyzing with existing methods. In the study result, we demonstrated the efficiency of the geospatial information constructed by integration of 3D laser scanner and total station. The proposed method is expected to shorten the time required for data acquisition compared to the existing method using the existing total station. Furthermore, it is possible to use various methods such as cross section analysis and volume calculation using the acquired data. In the future, spatial information construction by integration of 3D laser scanner and total station will help improve work efficiency in related fields.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.267-273
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we proposed the method to detect brain tumor region in MR images. Our method is composed of 3 parts, detection of tumor slice, detection of tumor region and tumor boundary detection. In the tumor slice detection step, a slice which contains tumor regions is distinguished using symmetric analysis in 3D brain volume. The tumor region detection step is the process to segment the tumor region in the slice distinguished as a tumor slice. And tumor region is finally detected, using spatial feature and symmetric analysis based on the cluster information. The process for detecting tumor slice and tumor region have advantages which are robust for noise and requires less computational time, using the knowledge of the brain tumor and cluster-based on symmetric analysis. And we use the level set method with fast marching algorithm to detect the tumor boundary. It is performed to find the tumor boundary for all other slices using the initial seeds derived from the previous or later slice until the tumor region is vanished. It requires less computational time because every procedure is not performed for all slices.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.13 no.2 s.32
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2005

Upon the request of balanced development of the country and making inroads into the continent of China the development of the west coast was begun in the late 1980s, which has been being continued till recently under the blueprint of making the western part of the capital region to be the hub of northeastern Asia. As more lively development is expected to continue in the area, there are many occurrences of change in topology and terrain in the west coast. This study was done to detect the topographic and terrain change of the vicinity of the west coast. To make the basic map of the change in topology and terrain, the mosaic images were made using landsat images. The accuracy of the images was examined by comparing them with GCP through 1:25,000's digital map. After that, among the resultant images of the 1970s and 2000s, those of Sihwa, Hwaong and Ansan, the lands reclaimed by drainage were compared to observe the change in the area. From the results, it was concluded that, in case of the land the topological change was not so big due to the development in the reclaimed land or the bare land, and the area of agriculture and downtown increased, the drainage and bare land area decreased by comparing the change of land use.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 2011

During precise survey on the top of High rise buildings and civil structures, optical surveying equipments like a Total Station are not recommended to use because of some reasons that uneasier alignment with reflectors located at the top of building, increasing error depends on increasement of observation distance and unavailable dynamic positioning etc. Recently various GPS positioning methods have been applied to this job however almost of them are post-processing method which is required much longer time during for whole process includes stake-out, cross checking, fixing positions and final inspections. Therefore, in this study, we applied with RTK surveying system which allows stake-out and inspection in realtime to avoid delaying of construction schedule and also applied with Quasi Static RTK measurement and network adjustment to get a high accuracy within a few millimeters in structure positioning to achieve a successful management for process and quality control of the project. As a result, very high accurate surveying for structures within approx. 2mm in realtime has been achieved when surveyor conduct a network adjustment using least square method for 4 base lines created by Quasi Static RTK data and we expect this method will be applied to construction survey for high rise buildings and civil structures in the future.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study was to investigate the functional improvement in peripheral vision following eccentric viewing training. Methods: 14 subjects with normal vision took a part with their right eye, peripheral retinal which is $20^{\circ}$ lateral area from the fovea was examined for contrast sensitivity(CS). Eccentric viewing training was performed for 21days with an hour image viewing and examination was repeated. Results: The critical durations for 0.7 cpd were increased 2.67(467 ms) for pre-eccentric viewing training to 2.79(616 ms) for post-eccentric viewing training (p>0.05). The critical durations for 3.0 cpd were also increased 2.53(341 ms) for pre-eccentric viewing training to 3.04(1102 ms) for post-eccentric viewing training (p>0.05). Conclusions: It is recommended to use higher spatial frequency with higher CS for eccentric viewing training and to train more frequently for a short time. Moreover, the study on Korean standardizing of the visual rehabilitation for low vision based on the etiology is sorely required.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.269-281
• /
• 2018

Unlike its archetype predecessor such as the Highway Capacity Manual of the United States, the Korean Highway Capacity Manual of 2013 provides the analytical models for estimating the saturation flow rates for the lane-occupying work-zones in the proximity of the signalized intersections. Direct application of the revised saturation flow rates into the classic control delay models, however, appears to produce unreasonable delay amount as traffic demand approaches lane-group capacities and surpasses them, which is common phenomena in the work-zones. Complex interaction among vehicles, lane-dropping work-zone geometry and signal operations were never accounted in the traditional control delay models, and considerable differences between the delay model outcomes and field observations are repeatedly experienced. This paper proposes the modified approaches to the delay models in the manual, exerted on all three elements of control delay, and particularly focuses on the temporal and spatial boundary expansion in comparing the simulated results to the estimated ones. Extensive microscopic simulation work and calibration effort supports the modified approaches well enough to use them in the work-zone planning and evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.771-781
• /
• 1997

In order to select an effective and appropriate evaluation method for the marine environmental protection and management, it is necessary to evaluate the present status of environmental conditions and to monitor and regulate the harzadous waste continuously. Among the evaluation methods that use benthic fauna, some graphical methods and biological index methods such as species abundance-biomass (SAB), Rank-frequency diagram (RFD), Abundance-Biomass comparison (ABC), log-normal distribution (LND), and Benthic Pollution Index (BPI) modified by Infaunal Trophic Index were used for the assessments of marine environment in the Inchon coastal area. Even though the graphic methods are convenient for easy glimpse of general trend of environmental condition but because they require sufficient ecological data, those methods do not fit for analysis or comparison of regional and detailed environmental condition. On the other hand, when BPI was applied, it was able to compare the spatial benthic conditions. Through considering the functional aspects of benthic fauna which can not be obtained in the cluster analysis, BPI was made it possible to measure or trace down the source of pollution. In the case of the environmental assessment result analyzed in Inchon coastal area, the north eastern part of Yongjongdo was more influenced by the pollution than the outer area of Inchon. The research indicates that especially Inchon harbor has been greatly affected.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.61-72
• /
• 2008

Leaf area index (LAI) is a key biophysical variable influencing land surface processes such as photosynthesis, transpiration and energy balance, and is a required input to estimate evapotranspiration in various ecological and hydrological models. The development of more correct and useful LAIs estimation techniques is required by these importance, but LAIs had been assumed in most LAI research through simple relations with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) because the field measurement is difficult on wide area. This paper is to evaluate the MODIS LAI Product's practical use by comparing with LAIs that is derived from NOAA AVHRR NDVIs and the 2 years (2003-2004) measured LAIs of Korea Forest Research Institute in Gyeongancheon watershed (561.12 $Km^2$). As a result, the MODIS LAIs of deciduous forests showed higher values about 14 % and 15~30 % than the measured LAIs and NOAA LAIs. In the year of 2003, the MODIS LAIs in coniferous forests were 5 % higher than the measured LAIs, and showed about 7 % differences comparing with the NOAA LAIs except April. These differences come from the insufficient field data measured in partial points of the target area, and the extracted reference data from MODIS LAIs include the limits of spatial resolution and the error of incorrect land cover classification. Thus, using the MODIS data by the proper correction with the measured data can be useful as an input data for ecological and hydrological models which offers the vegetation information and simulates the water balance of a given watershed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2018

Nation-wide systematic and comprehensive measurements of air quality criteria species have been made over 340 sites currently in Korea since 1990. Using these data, temporal and spatial trends of $SO_2$, $PM_{10}$, $NO_2$, $O_3$, CO and $O_x(NO_2+O_3)$ were analyzed to characterize and evaluate implementing efficiency of air quality policy and regulations. Due to strict and effective policy to use cleaner fuels in late 1980s and 1990s, the primary pollutants, such as $SO_2$, CO, and $PM_{10}$ decreased sharply by early 2000s in all parts of Korea. After this period, their concentrations declined with much lower rates in most parts of Korea. In addition, isolated but noticeable numbers of places, especially in major ports, newly developing towns and industrial parks, sustained high levels or even showed further degradation. Despite series of emission control strategies were enforced since early 1990s, $NO_2$ concentrations haven't changed much till 2005, due to significant increase in number of automobiles. Nevertheless, we confirmed that the staggering levels of $NO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ improved evidently after 2005, especially in Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), where enhanced regulations for $NO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ emissions was imposed to automobiles and large emission sources. However, their decreasing trends were much lessened in recent years again as current air quality improvement strategies has been challenged to revise further. In contrast to these primary species, annual $O_3$, which is secondary product from $NO_2$ and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), has increased consistently with about 0.6 ppbv per year in every urban part of Korea, while yearly average of daily maximum 8-hour $O_3$ in summer season had a much higher rate of 1.2 ppbv per year. Increase of $O_3$ can be explained mainly by reductions of NO emission. Rising background $O_3$ in the Northeast Asia and increasing oxidizing capacity by changing photochemistry were likely causes of observed $O_3$ increase. The future air quality policy should consider more effective ways to lower alarming level of $O_3$ and $PM_{10}$.