• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2018

Direct numerical and large eddy simulations of transitional flows around studs installed on flat plate and bulbous bow have been performed to investigate an effectiveness of turbulence stimulators on laminar-to-turbulence transition at a very low speed. The flow velocity was determined to be 0.366m/s corresponding to 4 knots of full-scale ship speed when the objective ship was Kriso container ship. The spatial evolution of skin friction coefficient disclosed that a fully development of turbulence was observed behind the second stud installed on flat plate while a rapid transition from laminar to turbulence gave rise to the fully development of turbulence behind the first stud installed on bulbous bow. A comparison of streamwise mean velocity profiles showed that the viscous sublayer and log-layer were in good agreement with previous results although the friction velocity of Smagrosinsky sub-grid scale model was about 10% larger than that of direct numerical simulation. While the turbulence intensities of bulbous bow was similar to those of flat plate in inner region, larger intensities of turbulence were observed in outer region of bulbous bow than those of flat plate.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.775-782
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 마찰교반용접재의 피로균열전파 거동의 공간적 불규칙성을 고찰하기 위한 연구의 일환으로써, 최적의 조건에서 마찰교반용접된 7075-T651 알루미늄 합금 용접부의 LT-방향의 각각 5개의 피로균열전파 시험편에 대하여 일정 응력확대계수범위 제어하의 피로균열전파 실험을 수행하여 마찰교반용접부의 교반용접부재(WM)와 열영향부재(HAZ) 그리고 모재(BM)에 대한 피로균열전파 거동을 실험적으로 고찰하였다. WM재의 피로균열전파율이 가장 빠르게 나타났으며, 그 다음 HAZ재와 WM재 순으로 나타났다. 게다가 시험편간 피로균열전파율의 변동성은 WM시험편에서 가장 높았고, 반면 BM재에서 가장 낮게 나타났다.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2005

In this work we show the results of our most recent Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of turbulent viscoelastic channel flow using spectral spatial approximations and a stabilizing artificial diffusion in the viscoelastic constitutive model. The Finite-Elasticity Non-Linear Elastic Dumbbell model with the Peterlin approximation (FENE-P) is used to represent the effect of polymer molecules in solution, The corresponding rheological parameters are chosen so that to get closer to the conditions corresponding to maximum drag reduction: A high extensibility parameter (60) and a moderate solvent viscosity ratio (0.8) are used with two different friction Weissenberg numbers (50 and 100). We then first find that the corresponding achieved drag reduction, in the range of friction Reynolds numbers used in this work (180-590), is insensitive to the Reynolds number (in accordance to previous work). The obtained drag reduction is at the level of $49\%\;and\;63\%$, for the friction Weissenberg numbers 50 and 100, respectively. The largest value is substantially higher than any of our previous simulations, performed at more moderate levels of viscoelasticity (i.e. higher viscosity ratio and smaller extensibility parameter values). Therefore, the maximum extensional viscosity exhibited by the modeled system and the friction Weissenberg number can still be considered as the dominant factors determining the levels of drag reduction. These can reach high values, even for of dilute polymer solution (the system modeled by the FENE-P model), provided the flow viscoelasticity is high, corresponding to a high polymer molecular weight (which translates to a high extensibility parameter) and a high friction Weissenberg number. Based on that and the changes observed in the turbulent structure and in the most prevalent statistics, as presented in this work, we can still rationalize for an increasing extensional resistance-based drag reduction mechanism as the most prevalent mechanism for drag reduction, the same one evidenced in our previous work: As the polymer elasticity increases, so does the resistance offered to extensional deformation. That, in turn, changes the structure of the most energy-containing turbulent eddies (they become wider, more well correlated, and weaker in intensity) so that they become less efficient in transferring momentum, thus leading to drag reduction. Such a continuum, rheology-based, mechanism has first been proposed in the early 70s independently by Metzner and Lamley and is to be contrasted against any molecularly based explanations.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.419-425
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• 2014

본 연구는 격자수, 첫 번째 격자까지의 거리($Y_P+$), 난류모델 그리고 이산화 방법에 따른 해의 변화량을 조사하였다. 대상선박은 KVLCC이며, 격자구성과 유동해석은 상용코드인 Gridgen V15와 FLUENT를 사용하였다. 검토는 2가지 파트로 나누어서 수행하였다. 첫 번째 파트는 격자수, 난류모델 그리고 이산화 방법의 조합에 따른 해의 영향성을 평가하였다. 두 번째 파트는 적합한 $Y_P+$ 선정에 초점을 두었다. 격자수와 이산화 방법이 동일한 경우 마찰저항은 난류모델에 따라 약 1 % 내에서 차이를 보였으나, 압력저항은 약 9 %의 큰 차이를 보였다. $Y_P+$와 이산화 방법이 동일한 경우 $Y_P+$를 30과 50으로 설정하였을 때 마찰저항은 난류모델에 따라 약 1 % 내에서 차이를 보였으나, 100에서는 약 3 % 차이를 보였다. 반면, 압력저항은 $Y_P+$값에 무관하게 난류모델에 따라 약 10 % 차이를 보였다. 난류모델과 이산화 방법이 동일한 경우 격자 수 변화 따라 마찰저항, 압력저항 그리고 전 저항 모두 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 난류모델과 이산화 방법이 동일한 경우 $Y_P+$의 변화에 따라 마찰저항은 5~8 %의 큰 차이를 보였고, 압력저항은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2020

This paper presents a kinematic limit analysis for passive earth pressure of rigid retaining structures considering the unsaturation of the backfill. Particular emphasis in the current work is focused on the effects of the spatial change in the degree of saturation on the passive earth pressure under different steady-infiltration/evaporation conditions. The incorporation of change of effective unit weight with degree of saturation is the main contribution of this study. The problem is formulated based on the log-spiral failure model rather than the linear wedge failure model, in which both the spatial variations of suction and soil effective unit weight are taken into account. Parametric studies, which cover a wide range of flow conditions, soil types and properties, wall batter, back slope angle as well as the interface friction angle, are performed to investigate the effects of these factors on the passive pressure and the corresponding shape of potential failure surfaces in the backfill. The results reveal that the flow conditions have significant effects on the suction and unit weight of the clayey backfill, and hence greatly impact the passive earth pressure of retaining structures. It is expected that present study could provide an insight into evaluation of the passive earth pressure of retaining structures with unsaturated backfills.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.345-351
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• 2007

The research which it sees will confront to the coating with paint material and a coating with paint public law application of the river bridge and it will present it will sleep and it will execute, it will reach and a comparison - an analysis from the research which it tries to respect middle of special environment the polyurethane system which is a method coating with paint system and fluorine resin system, against a ceramic system it executed more an objectivity and rational fundamental data. With research method against each coating with paint evening sunlight a research investigation material and structure, it separated with spatial-temporal characteristic and economic viewpoint it executed. When considering overview from material viewpoint, fluorine resin system ceramic system polyurethane system pure with it is judged with the fact that it is excellent. There is a possibility of saying that the coefficient of friction of the fluorine resin system which uses the weapon quality zinc end coating compound ever so hard and polyurethane system is excellent ceramic system than from structure viewpoint. That fluorine resin system = polyurethane system ceramic system pure with it is excellent, it is judged from spatial-temporal characteristic viewpoint. It measures but it considered an internal troubles year grudge in the standard which becomes disturbance the place where it executes the market the expectation life person of the general bridge against 100 years the result fluorine resin system polyurethane system ceramic system which compares a materials unit cost pure with it appeared.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2005

건축물이 고층화, 대형화 되어감에 따라 기둥이 부담해야할 내구성이 커진다. 이런 요구로 인하여 콘크리트 충전강관기둥의 형식을 개발하게 되었고, 역학적 거동을 규명하기 위해 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 실험에서 규명하기 힘든 콘크리트코어와 원형강관의 두 이질재료간의 접촉면에서의 상호작용에 대한 해석적 연구로써 비선형 해석프로그램인 ABAQUS/Standard Version 5.8을 이용하여 쉬어코넥트의 부착형태 및 위치에 따른 부착응력을 비교하고, 접촉면에 대한 역학적 특성을 나타낼 수 있는 모델링기법, 해석기법에 대하여 제시하고, 역학적 특성을 규명하고자 한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2012

가상현실은 현실처럼 구성된 가상공간과 그 속에서 살아가는 에이전트들로 구성되어 있다. 여기서 가상공간이란 시각적 표현뿐만 아니라 질량, 중력, 마찰력등과 같은 물리속성들과 법칙들에 의해 규율되는 질서 있는 공간을 의미한다. 이러한 가상공간을 구축하기 위해서는 인간과 유사한 행동을 하는 가상 에이전트와 그를 둘러싼 환경을 설계해야 한다. 정해진 공간이나 기억에 대하여 설계자의 지식에 따라서 그대로 반응하게 만들어진 기존의 반응형 에이전트의 행동방식을 개선하여 능동적 행동이 가능하기 위해서는 에이전트의 활동 공간에 관련된 다양한 지식이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 지식중에서 공간적 지식에 관한 표현구조를 설계하고 구현한다. 이와 같은 지식표현은 사실적이고 효율적인 물리적 가상환경을 구축하는 바탕으로 사용됨과 동시에 가상에이전트들의 지식을 표현하는 구조로 이용된다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.392-397
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• 2001

A numerical study is performed to investigate the interaction between subsonic axial turbine blade boundary layer and periodically oncoming rotor induced wakes. An implicit scheme for solving the compressible Navier-Stokes equation is developed, which adopts a 4th-order compact difference for spatial discretiztion, a 2nd order Crank-Nicolson scheme for temporal discretization and the dynamic eddy viscosity model as the subgrid scale model. The efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed method are verified by applying to some benchmark problems such as laminar cylinder flow, laminar airfoil cascade flow and a transitional flat plate boundary layer flow. Computational results show good agreements with previous experimental and numerical results. Finally, flow through a stator cascade is simulated at $Re = 7.5{\times}10^5$ without free-stream turbulence intensity. The velocity fields and skin friction coefficients in the transitional region show similar trends with previous boundary layer natural transition.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1992년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 92
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• pp.201-212
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• 1992

The plane strain analysis for simulating the stretch/draw forming operation of arbitrarily-shaped tool profiles and arbitrarily draw-in conditions is introduced. An implicit, incremental, updated Lagrangian formulation is employed, introducing a rigid-viscoplastic constitutive equation. Contact and friction are considered through the mesh-normal, which compatibly describes arbitrary tool surfaces and FEM meshe without depending on the explicit spatial derivatives of tool surfaces. The FEM formulation is tested in the sections automotive inner panel and two-side draw-in. Not only the excellent agreement between measured and computed strains in the stretched section is obtained, but also the numerical stability of current formulation is verified in the two-side draw-in section.