• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.3 no.2 s.6
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• pp.137-149
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• 1995

A spatial index is necessary to support an efficient search in a geographical information system (GIS) that is important in these days. In this paper, we design and implement a geographical data manager, called GOOD (Geo-object Oriented Data Manager) 2.0, by extending GOOD 1.0 with a spatial index processing module. That is, R-tree and R*-tree are used as a spatial index in this paper to make an efficient search possible. In addition, this paper conducts a performance evaluation to measure the improvement in search efficiency and analyzes the results of the performance evaluation. When the performance evaluation is carried out, we consider various environment factors to allow an GIS administrator to use the results as a basic data in selecting an appropriate spatial index.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.13 no.3 s.34
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• pp.239-252
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• 2005

The major reason that spatial data warehousing has attracted a great deal of attention in business GIS in recent years is due to the wide availability of huge amount of spatial data and the imminent need for fuming such data into useful geographic information. Therefore, this research has been focused on designing and implementing the pilot tested system for spatial decision making. The purpose of the system is to predict targeted marketing area by discriminating the customers by using both transaction quantity and the number of customer using credit card in department store. Moreover, the pilot tested system of this research provides OLAP tools for interactive analysis of multidimensional data of geographically various granularities, which facilitate effective spatial data mining. focused on the analysis methodology, the case study is aiming to use GIS and clustering for knowledge discovery. Especially, the importance of this study is in the use of snowflake schema model capabilities for GIS framework.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.220-227
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• 2012

After The Ramsar Convention took place in Korea in 2008, public interest in environment heightened, and the government has been allocating its budget for conserving our environment. Therefore, the present study focuses on eco-friendly spatial images particularly shown in ecological museums in Korea which recognizes the value of the environment and the ecology and tries to both protect them and alert people about it. The purpose of this study is proving what consist of eco-friendly spatial images by analyzing the expressive word of eco-friendly images and the image of space, providing a basic data for future space planning of ecological museums. To do this, the present study proceeds in three steps. First of all, the base of research in analyzing stage is firmly established by grasping general theories and terms regarding spatial image. As a second step, the composition and the characteristics of exhibition is clarified through on-spot investigation to provide comparative data for spatial image assessment in the future. Also through this step, we could understand how the exhibits are designed currently. In the last stage of research, expressive words regarding eco-friendly spatial images are extracted and used to analyze the spatial image of ecological museums. And the following three conclusions is deduced. First, the expressive words of eco-friendly spatial image that are extracted are as following: "healthy", "coexisting", "clean", "blending", "warm", "soft", "lively", "pure", "cool", "fresh ", "comfortable", "relaxed", "mild", "free", "harmonious", and "healing". As the second conclusion, color, and material, the formation which is an architectural factor did not have a great impact on forming eco-friendly image, but the color and the material did. The third conclusion was that the display with natural aspects actively utilized increased eco-friendly spatial image.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.192-199
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• 2011

The purposes of this study are to present the criteria for a sensibility rating scale for measuring the general women's perception of museums' spatial environment, through an empirical analysis; and to clarify the characteristics of the presented rating scale in terms of each rating element and factor. For this study, a survey was conducted during August 19 - September 16, 2010, and a total of 342 museum visitors participated in the survey. A sensibility rating scale used for the survey consisted of a total of 32 adjectives selected from a literature review of previous studies. To specify the dimensions of semantic space using the semantic adjectives, words with opposite meanings were analyzed with the semantic differential technique developed by Osgood et al. Using SPSS, a reliability analysis, factor analysis were conducted on the data obtained from the survey. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: According to the women's perception of museums' spatial environment, six factors were found from the 25 semantic ratings of the Museum. The summarized criteria were: 'aesthetic', 'pleasant', 'valuable', 'function', 'affinity', and 'material.' The derived criteria were verified through an empirical test using emotional adjectives. In the coming years, the results of this study will serve as valuable data for constructing a sensibility rating scale for evaluating spatial environments of museums.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.191-201
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• 2019

Macroecologists and biogeographers continue to predict the distribution of species across space based on the relationship between biotic processes and environmental variables. This approach uses data related to, for example, species abundance or presence/absence, climate, geomorphology, and soils. Researchers have acknowledged in their statistical analyses the importance of accounting for the effects of spatial autocorrelation (SAC), which indicates a degree of dependence between pairs of nearby observations. It has been agreed that residual spatial autocorrelation (rSAC) can have a substantial impact on modeling processes and inferences. However, more attention should be paid to the sources of rSAC and the degree to which rSAC becomes problematic. Here, we review previous studies to identify diverse factors that potentially induce the presence of rSAC in macroecological and biogeographical models. Furthermore, an emphasis is put on the quantification of rSAC by seeking to unveil the magnitude to which the presence of SAC in model residuals becomes detrimental to the modeling process. It turned out that five categories of factors can drive the presence of SAC in model residuals: ecological data and processes, scale and distance, missing variables, sampling design, and assumptions and methodological approaches. Additionally, we noted that more explicit and elaborated discussion of rSAC should be presented in species distribution modeling. Future investigations involving the quantification of rSAC are recommended in order to understand when rSAC can have an adverse effect on the modeling process.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.427-427
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• 2015

The storm water management and drainage relation are the key variable that plays a vital role on hydrological design and risk analysis. These require knowledge about spatial variability over a specified area. Generally, design rainfall values are expressed from the fixed point rainfall, which is depth at a specific location. Concurrently, determine the areal rainfall amount is also very important. Therefore, a spatial rainfall interpolation (point rainfall converting to areal rainfall) can be solved by areal reduction factor (ARF) estimation. In mainland of South Korea, for dam design and its operation, public safety, other surface water projects concerned about ARF for extreme hydrological events. In spite of the long term average rainfall (2,061 mm) and increasing extreme rainfall events, ARF estimation is also essential for Jeju Island's water control structures. To meet up this purpose, five fixed rainfall stations of automatic weather stations (AWS) near the "Hancheon Stream Watershed" area has been considered and more than 50 years of high quality rainfall data have been analyzed for estimating design rainfall. The relationship approach for the 24 hour design storm is assessed based on ARF. Furthermore, this presentation will provide an outline of ARF standards that can be used to assist the decision makers and water resources engineers for other streams of Jeju Island.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.578-597
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• 2014

Understanding of 'spatial' pressure distribution is required to determine design loads on local structures, such as plating and framing. However, obtaining a practical 'spatial' pressure distribution is a hard task due to the sensitivity of the data acquisition frequency and resolution. High-resolution Pessure-Idicating Flm (PIF) was applied to obtain pressure distribution and pressure magnitude using stepped crushing method. Different types of PIF were stacked at each test to creating a pressure distribution plot at specific time steps. Two different concepts of plotting 'spatial' pressure-area curve was introduced and evaluated. Diverse unit pixel size was chosen to investigate the effect of the resolution in data analysis. Activated area was not significantly affected by unit pixel size; however, total force was highly sensitive.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.127-140
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• 2002

In a spatial database system, the semantic integrity should be supported for maintaining the data consistency. In the real world, spatial objects In boundary layer should always meet neighbor objects, and they cannot hold the same name. This characteristic is an implied concept in real world. So, when this characteristic is disobeyed due to the update operations of spatial objects, it is necessary to maintain the integrity of a layer. In this thesis, we propose a spatial-operation-trigger for supporting the integrity of spatial objects. The proposed method is defined a spatial-operation-trigger based on SQL-3 and executed when the constraint condition is violated. A spatial-operation-trigger have the strategy of execution. Firstly, for one layer, the spatial and aspatial data triggers are executed respectively. Secondly, the aspatial data trigger for the other layers is executed. Spatial-operation-trigger for one layer checks whether the executed operation updates only spatial data, aspatial data, or both of them, and determines the execution strategy of a spatial-operation-trigger. Finally, the aspatial data trigger for the other layers is executed. A spatial-operation-trigger is executed in three steps for the semantic integrity of the meet-property of spatial objects. And, it provides the semantic integrity of spatial objects and the convenience for users using automatic correcting operation.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.303-322
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of using the geometric manipulative for the development of spatial sense and thus to find out a better mathematics teaching and learning method that could help develop students' spatial senses. The two fifth grade classes were randomly chosen as an experimental group (31 students) and a control group (32 students), respectively. This study implemented nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design of quasi-experimental design. The test instrument used in this study was a spatial sense test. The pretest and posttest were implemented with the same instrument. In addition, their classes were observed and videotaped, and the data and their study activities were analyzed. In conclusion, first, the geometric manipulative-aided activities contributes to developing students' spatial senses and their two sub-factors involves perceptual consistency and perception of spatial relationship. Second, the activities of grasping the components of solid figures, sketches and development figures by using the geometric manipulative contribute to boost students' perceptual consistencies and their perceptions of spatial relationship.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.14 no.4 s.39
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• pp.379-389
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• 2006

Map databases for CNS (Car Navigation System) can be accessed quickly and compressed efficiently due to that these are usually recorded as in a PSF (Physical Storage Format). However, it is difficult to create and manage data storage based on a file-system. To solve these problems, DBMS needs to be combined with spatial data management. Therefore, we developed an embedded DBMS with which to store data and conduct quick searches in CNS. Spatial data could be easily managed and accessed using the compression method, Multi-Link, spatial index, and spatial division. In the result, the proposed embedded DBMS searched quickly and stably supported data management. If synchronization is applied in DBMS, it is expected to utilize the advantages of an embedded DBMS.