• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.7-15
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is analyze linkage and spatial and structural characteristics of outpatient department and diagnosis/treatment area of geriatric hospitals based on quantitative analysis, according to function and corridor types. Methods: To examine structural characteristics and correlation of outpatient department and diagnosis/treatment area of six geriatric hospitals according to the corridor type, were systemized according to the function and corridor type and made into a j-graph, and an index was created by using space syntax to understand spatial characteristics. Results: 1) Different functional spaces are connected by a corridor, which, therefore, can be an axis of the connectivity and linkage of functional spaces and an important element in a clear hierarchy. 2) Treatment areas were disconnected from different functional spaces and, therefore, the accessibility was low. Many hospitals had an arrangement plan for treatment and diagnosis areas, and recent hospitals have segmented treatment areas within the rehabilitation space, which resulted in deeper space. 3) In terms of the level of integration, more integrated reception area meant shallower spatial depth, and deeper space for treatment and diagnosis areas. Implications: Spatial relation of outpatient department of geriatric hospitals was analyzed based on characteristics of the elderly.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.671-683
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• 2011

The technical development of transportation and communication increases freedom of location choice. This higher freedom allows to company can pursues bigger profit than before. Company's separated spatial configurations tend to go to most optimal location, so some places showed unexpected agglomeration. This study conducted to prove "dispersed concentration" for specific example, pharmaceutical enterprises, in real business world. As a result, separation of spatial configuration clearly observed as product output goes bigger and R&D's depth goes deeper. And spatial concentration of each function was found. Most headquarters are located in Seoul, R&D centers make agglomeration at some spaces. Plants' location concentrated until 1990s, but, in 2000s, plants expand out of metropolitan area.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.199-207
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• 2011

After the development of printing technology since the 15th century and the rise of citizen consciousness in the 18th century, the library has taken a public concept. And after the 20th century, its role as a public library for the public was stressed, and as its spatial composition became miniaturized and specialized, its function changed from stacking and reading to various kinds including culture and service and is getting more complex beside the function of a library. Thereupon, this study aims to figure out the limitations of public libraries' opening years shown in advanced researches and understand the current status of spatial composition by complexation with the subjects of five public libraries opened after the end of December, 2006 in order to examine their tendencies of complexation and the characteristics of spatial composition by the complexation of public libraries. As a result, the present public libraries have at leaser more than two spaces with complex functions. According to the result of analysis on the types, locational relations between spaces showed the mixed type the most. In the types of building allocation, the building integrated type had a higher percentage than the separated type. About the types of entrance, the one common door type was fewer than the two separate door type. In the analysis on the types of the interior line of flow, the common type was similar to the dispersed type, and it is thought to be resulted from spatial composition rather than the preplanned line of flow.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.40-51
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to quantitatively deduce the circulation efficiency and space arrangements of the outpatient department in geriatric hospitals in terms of spatial structure and to find a methodology that could promote the improvement of accessibility and spatial cognition while using the facilities. All space units of the selected twelve geriatric hospitals were located on the first floor. The study adopted the psychological distance concept of space syntax to the unitized spaces, and presented a set of indices, such as TD, PN, RF, PNT and TRF. These indices were calculated according to the standard clinical use procedures. The study evaluated the effectiveness of circulation. The analysis of circulation was based on the four major geriatric illnesses that were selected in this study. The study established the standard clinical use procedure with consideration of the medical treatment, examinations and space units of outpatient departments. The results are as follows: 1) Based on the statistical data, four major geriatric illnesses are examined, and space requirement and standard procedures are established. Development indicators are applied in order to quantitatively deduce the efficiency of spatial cognition. 2) The percentage of the risk of cognitive decline(TRF) has an inversely proportional correlation to the circulation efficiency(PNT) at a certain point. TRF is more influenced by the clinical use procedure than the scale. 3) The arrangement of the waiting space and types of corridor greatly affect the percentage of the risk of cognitive decline. 4) Vulnerable facilities are selected on the basis of the evaluation, and two alternatives that could promote the circulation efficiency are presented. The result of the reanalysis showed that cognitive efficiency had much improved compared to the existing facilities.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.280-299
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an instruction using geologic planar figures on high school students' ability of spatial visualization and geologic spatial ability and also to explore its applicability as an instructional strategy through the investigation of students' perception about the instruction using mixed methodology. For this purpose, we developed 10 planar figures of geologic structures (2 horizontal layers, 2 vertical layers, 4 angular layers, 1 fault, and 1 fold), and tested students' spatial visualization ability and geologic spatial ability before and after the implementation in class. In addition, in order to investigate students' perception on the instruction, we conducted quantitative research using questionnaires comprised of the cognitive and the affective domain, and followed by focus group interview that was conducted to obtain deeper understanding of their perception. Findings revealed that the instruction using geologic planar figures was effective to enhance spatial visualization ability and geologic spatial ability. It was also helpful for students to enhance their ability to perceive the spatial configuration of the geologic structures as well as the ability to penetrate visually into the images of the structures. The results of the students' perception on the instruction showed that the students recognized the instruction using geologic planar figures as a strongly positive teaching method both in the cognitive and affective domain. We concluded that geologic planar figures could be used as an effective tool for the lesson of 'mapping and interpreting of geological map', and be highly applicable for the advanced class in high schools.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2005

This research is to design a high performance NAND-type flash memory package with a smart buffer cache that enhances the exploitation of spatial and temporal locality. The proposed buffer structure in a NAND flash memory package, called as a smart buffer cache, consists of three parts, i.e., a fully-associative victim buffer with a small block size, a fully-associative spatial buffer with a large block size, and a dynamic fetching unit. This new NAND-type flash memory package can achieve dramatically high performance and low power consumption comparing with any conventional NAND-type flash memory. Our results show that the NAND flash memory package with a smart buffer cache can reduce the miss ratio by around 70% and the average memory access time by around 67%, over the conventional NAND flash memory configuration. Also, the average miss ratio and average memory access time of the package module with smart buffer for a given buffer space (e.g., 3KB) can achieve better performance than package modules with a conventional direct-mapped buffer with eight times(e.g., 32KB) as much space and a fully-associative configuration with twice as much space(e.g., 8KB)

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.277-292
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• 2017

The development impact fee (DIF) zoning is a very beneficial public tool to provide the pre-planned urban infrastructures in those areas where significant urban sprawl had already taken place. In order to guarantee its benefit, however, it is required to designate the zone boundaries accurately and consistently. This study, in this context, tries to test the validity of the 50m-grid suggested in the official DIF manual, and to compare an alternative Hot Spot Analysis tool with the existing Spatial Aggregation method in configuring the zone boundaries. The results indicate that, unlike the case of population growth rate, current 50m grid size could not be much adequate in the case of using the development-permit increase rate to configure the primary DIF zones. Also, the optimal grid sizes seem to differ in the cases of Spatial Aggregation and Hot Spot Analysis. Further extended studies, in this regard, seem necessary to check the validity of the existing grid-size criteria as well as the boundary configuration methods.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.311-320
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• 2011

Public libraries in Korea have undergone changes from libraries for just reading or keeping books to libraries with cultural facilities that provide information through various media. It was because of the "plan for building the information-oriented library" in 2000 that made the complexation of public library in progress. The alterations of the system have changed the structure as well as the grade ranks but haven't been considered enough for administrators or visitors. Hereupon, we are to study of the features by analyzing how the application of the system changed the structure of library. There are four stages in research methods. First, concept of public library and functional elements requested in the process of complexation were studied from literature. Second, vertical, horizontal and circulate changes were studied by applying subject libraries into prior research stereotyping the libraries. Third, mutual relations between each place were studied through J-Graph by elements. Lastly, rank changes according to centrality of space and users were quantitatively studied with space syntax. 4 notable changes were found in these analyses. (1)Vertical, horizontal and circulate structure of public libraries were homogenized. Since 2001, however, they have become diversified as all-in-one or detachable. (2)The space structure of library before 2001 was shallow tree shape while in 2001, period of transition, was the tree shape mixed with ring shape. As time goes on, it has become shallow tree shape again but connected by ring shape in part of reading and common space and in digital reference room. (3)Digital reference room was center of the space around 2001 and it ranked top for integration. After 2007, however, it has become setting off-center. (4)About the purpose of using public libraries, using it as space for administrators ranked top followed by space for visitors and common space before. For now, common space ranks top and space for visitors and administrators. 5 subject public libraries were selected respectively before and after 2001.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2011

The present work investigate the effect of sound reinforcement systems on the acoustics of a large dome stadium using a computer simulation. The acoustics of a dome stadium was predicted analyzed by varying room absorption, as well as the configuration of speakers including their directivity, installed height, and numbers. It was found that both D50 and RASTI were improved by increasing room absorption. Larger EDTs were observed according to the increase of room absorption at mid and high frequencies. On the other hand, RT did not show any significant correlation with the changes in room absorption, which might be the effect of a forced linear fitting for non -linear energy decay process. With respect to the speaker configuration, the speech intelligibility of a sound reforcement system installed at higher placed more relied upon their directivity rather than room absorption, Also, lower placing of speakers was found to be effective in decreasing RTs regardless of room absorption.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.129-136
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information and guide line for designing hotels located in metropolis by analyzing the spatial configuration of public area. As the sample of analysis, ten hotels are selected in Tokyo area, which were constructed during 1970 to 1990; the period was characterized by booming hotel constructions. The findings of the above analytical survey might be summarized as follows. First of all, it was found that all hotels constructed during the above mentioned periods could be classified into two categories according to their block type such as interlocking form and form within form types. It also observed the six hotels out of then had adopted form within form, beside, the left four hotels were constructed along the interlocking form type. Secondly, as regard to the functional space configuration of the public area, it was found that, in case of eight hotels, the upper part of the building which allocated as residential quarter are configured as linear type. As regard the lower part, however, it was found that different types are adopted. For instance, five hotels had adopted con-course types for the lower level that is spared for the public/service area. Beside, it was also found that, out of above five hotels, three hotels took form within type and the other two adopted compromising type. Thirdly, as regard to the composition of public area, it was found that, the quarters are allocated as follows, such as 34.11 percent for public, 28.99 percent for sales and 33.07 percent for service quarter.