• ETRI Journal
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.240-253
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• 2023

Spatial information is geometrical information combined with the properties of an object. In city areas where unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) usage demand is high, it is necessary to determine the appropriate driving altitude considering the height of buildings for safe driving. In this study, we propose a data-provision method that generates the driving altitude of UAVs with a pseudo-3D building model. The pseudo-3D building model is developed using high-precision spatial information provided by the National Geographic Information Institute. The proposed method generates the driving altitude of the UAV in terms of tile information, including the UAV's starting and arrival points and a straight line between the two points, and provides the data to users. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed method, UAV driving altitude information was generated using data of 763 551 pseudo-3D buildings in Seoul. Subsequently, the generated driving altitude data of the UAV was verified in AirSim. In addition, the execution time of the proposed method and the calculated driving altitude were analyzed.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 2013

W ith the recent increasing build and application for 3D spatial information, the importance of management and application for spatial information based on indoor space has been increased. Especially, Due to the increasing of the scale and complexity of the building according to the development of construction technologies several studies have been conducted to provide the services based on indoor space such as indoor navigation for disaster. Therefore, to efficient manage and service for information of complicated indoor space, it is necessary to extend and develop 3D spatial model and services that have been developed for outdoor space. In this paper, Indoor Spatial Data Model(ISDM) is developed to support building spatial information for complicated indoor space and location based services through topological information. ISDM contains a feature model which is a CityGML Application Domain Extension(ADE) model and a topology model that refers the IndoorGML.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.27-41
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• 2014

Recently, BIM(Building Information Modeling) has been applied to the infrastructure such as road and bridge, and information about the outside environment of buildings is needed for maintaining and managing the large urban facilities. In addition, the convergence between spatial information and Big-data has a large potentiality, in respect that considerable profits and developments in other application problems such as various simulations and urban plans, national land security, may be brought about on the basis of the interoperability of information between BIM and GIS. Therefore, this study attempted to suggest the development direction of a model integrating building for spatial information analysis and city on the subject by comparing and analyzing difference between information system and shape expression of IFC, CityGML and LandXML to efficiently link information between IFC as a standard model of BIM and CityGML as a standard model in the GIS sector and to prepare a basic fusion strategy and a method of utilization between BIM and GIS. The result of the study are as follow. Firstly, contents and structure of IFC, CityGML and LandXML are compared and analyzed. Secondly, the development direction of iBUM(Integrated Building and Urban Model) suggested, which is based on convergence technology for analysis of space information. Finally, a strategy and method of the BIM and GIS are proposed in the iBUM environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2005

3D Spatial Data, namely 3D Urban CG model express the building, road, river in virtual world and accumulate, manage the data in the GIS system. It is important infrastructure which expected in many usages. Recently 3D CG urban model needs much manual effort, time and costs to build them. In this paper, we introduce the integration of GIS, CG and automatic production of the $\lceil$3D Spatial Data Infrastructure$\rfloor$. This system make filtering, divide the polygon, generate the outlines of the GIS building map, design the graphic and property information and finally make automatic 3D CG models.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.185-196
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• 2018

In order to overcome the problem that outdoor and indoor spatial information service are separately utilized, an integration service system of spatial information that is linked from outdoor to indoor has been implemented. As a result of the study, "0001.xml" corresponding to the file index key value, which is the service connection information in the building information of the destination, was extracted from the prototype verification of the system, the search word of 'Kim AB' was transmitted to the indoor map server and converted from the outdoor map service to the indoor map service through confirmation of the navigation service connected information, using service linkage information and search words of the indoor map service was confirmed that the route was displayed from the entrance of the building to the destination in the building through the linkage search DB (Database) table and the search query. Therefore, through this study was examined the possibility of linking indoor and outdoor DB through vector spatial information integration service system. The indoor map and the map engine were implemented based on the same vector map format as the outdoor map engine, it was confirmed that the connectivity of the map engine can be applied.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1443-1454
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• 2014

In this study, we assess impact of spatial resolution of radar rainfall and a distributed hydrologic model on parameter estimation and rainfall-runoff response. Radar data measured by S-band polarimetric radar located at Mt. Bisl in the year of 2012 are used for the comparative study. As different rainfall estimates such as R-KDP, R-Z, and R-ZDR show good agreement with ground rainfall, R-KDP are applied for rainfall-runoff modeling due to relatively high accuracy in terms of catchment averaged and gauging point rainfall. GRM (grid based rainfall-runoff model) is implemented for flood simulations at the Geumho River catchment with spatial resolutions of 200m, 500m, and 1000m. Automatic calibration is performed by PEST (model independent parameter estimation tool) to find suitable parameters for each spatial resolution. For 200m resolution, multipliers of overlandflow and soil hydraulic conductivity are estimated within stable ranges, while high variations are found from results for 500m and 1000m resolution. No tendency is found in the estimated initial soil moisture. When parameters estimated for different spatial resolution are applied for other resolutions, 200m resolution model shows higher sensitivity compared to 1000m resolution model.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2012

One distinguishing feature of BIM(Building Information Modeling) is the objectification of spatial elements independently, which makes it easy to represent spatial network. From this perspective, this study aimed to develop the spatial network analysis tool based on open BIM technologies. From the literature review, an object model of spatial network with nodes and links and a process model from construction to visualization were established. A prototype system implementing the proposed models, named SNAT(Spatial Network Analysis Tool), was developed in Java platform with using its open source packages. SNAT can create a spatial network from IFC-BIM model, calculate the indices of spatial network analysis, and visualize it with the representing types(map, graph, matrix and table).

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.348-356
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• 2014

To understand the relationship between road-traffic noise and urban components such as population, building, road-traffic and land-use, the city of Cheongju that already has road-traffic noise maps of daytime and nighttime was selected for this study. The whole area of the city is divided into square cells of a uniform size and for each cell, the urban components are estimated. A spatial representative noise level for each cell is determined by averaging out population-weighted facade noise levels for noise exposure population within the cell during nighttime. The relationship between the representative noise level and the urban components is statistically modeled at the cell level. Specially, we introduce a spatial auto regressive model and a spatial error model that turns out to explain above 85 % of the noise level. These findings and modeling methods can be used as a preliminary tool for environmental planning and urban design in modern cities in consideration of noise exposure.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.3 no.4 s.10
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• pp.53-58
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• 2003

In order to control seismic responses of building structures effectively and stably, it is very important to estimate the dynamic characteristics of target structure exactly based on input-output signal data. In this paper, it is shown that Subspace Identification Method is able to be applied effectively to system identification of building structures. To verify the efficiency of Subspace Identification Method, the vibration experiments were conducted on a specimen structure which is a 5-storied building structure model consisted of H-shaped steel beam, and the simulated seismic responses of the identified structure model were compared with the observed ones under the same excitation. It was observed that the experimental results coincided with the analyzed ones proposed in this paper.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.223-233
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• 2021

Systematic and continuous monitoring and management of the energy consumption of buildings are important for estimating building energy efficiency, and ultimately aim to cope with climate change and establish effective policies for environment, and energy supply and demand policies. Globally, buildings consume 36% of total energy and account for 39% of carbon dioxide emissions. The purpose of this study is to generate three-dimensional thermo-spatial building models with photogrammetric technique using drone TIR (Thermal Infrared) images to measure the temperature emitted from a building, that is essential for the building energy rating system. The aerial triangulation was performed with both optical and TIR images taken from the sensor mounted on the drone, and the accuracy of the models was analyzed. In addition, the thermo-spatial models of temperature distribution of the buildings in three-dimension were visualized. Although shape of the objects 3D building modeling is relatively inaccurate as the spatial and radiometric resolution of the TIR images are lower than that of optical images, TIR imagery could be used effectively to measure the thermal energy of the buildings based on spatial information. This paper could be meaningful to present extension of photogrammetry to various application. The energy consumption could be quantitatively estimated using the temperature emitted from the individual buildings that eventually would be uses as essential information for building energy efficiency rating system.