• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.30-45
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• 2001

In recent years, clinicians' and dentists' esthetic demands in dentistry have increased rapidly. The ultimate goal in modern restorative dentistry is to achieve "white" and "pink" esthetics in the esthetically important zones. Therefore, modern esthetic dentistry involves not only the restoration of lost teeth and their associated hard tissues, but increasingly the management and reconstruction of the encasing gingiva with adequate surgical techniques. Interdental space are filled by interdental papilla in the healthy gingiva, preventing plaque deposition and protecting periodontal tissue from infection. This also inhibits impaction of food remnants and whistling through the teeth during speech. These functional aspects are obviously important, but esthetic aspects are important as well. Complete and predictable restoration of lost interdental papillae remains one of the biggest challenges in periodontal reconstructive surgery. One of the most challenging and least predictable problems is the reconstruction of the lost interdental papilla. The interdental papilla, as a structure with minor blood supply, was left more or less untouched by clinicians. Most of the reconstructive techniques to rebuild lost interdental papillae focus on the maxillary anterior region, where esthetic defects appear interproximally as "black triangle". Causes for interdental tissue loss are, for example, commom periodontal diseases, tooth extraction, excessive surgical periodontal treatment, and localized progressive gingiva and periodontal diseases. If an interdental papilla is absent because of a diastema, orthodontic closure is the treatment of choice. "Creeping" papilla formation has been described by closing the interdental space and creating a contact area. In certain cases this formation can also be achieved with appropriate restorative techniques and alteration of the mesial contours of the adjacent teeth. The presence of an interdental papilla depends on the distance between the crest of bone and the interproximal contact point, allowing it to fill interdental spaces with soft tissue by altering the mesial contours of the adjacent teeth and positioning the contact point more apically. The interdental tissue can also be conditioned with the use of provisional crowns prior to the definitive restoration. If all other procedures are contraindicated or fail, prosthetic solutions have to be considered as the last possibility to rebuild lost interdental papillae. Interdental spaces can be filled using pink-colored resin or porcelain, and the use of a removable gingival mask might be the last opportunity to hide severe tissue defects.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.73-80
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• 2017

Purpose - Since Korean distribution market was opened, the domestic environment in department stores has been changed by the pattern of consumption and consumer need based on income classes. As multilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) accelerates opening markets, the scale of circulating capital has become bigger. Large-scale commercial facilities have developed quickly as a form of a large shopping center, thus, the matter of choice and securing market area became an important valuable in this trend. Moreover, multi-complex space has been proposed as the goal of successful business with promoting the public benefit. Research design, data, and methodology - This research studied consumer behavior using data about the life style and sales of consumers, not statistical data or survey as previous studies. This research tried to find the differentiation in complex cultural space with consumption behavior of department store. Results - As the structure of society and culture was getting diverse and complex, economic growth and development with such diversity and complexity improved consumers' quality of life. The changes of consumer life style are quite natural like human instinct. Department stores have activated retail business with the products of accumulated technology. Moreover, they have created the space of consumption and culture. Because of these social and environmental changes, department stores are being developed as Multi-functional spaces as well as sale places considering the strategies of department and the changes of consumers' purchasing behaviors. Conclusions - Urban culture complex is a landmark standing for the culture era of 21st century. It has provided an opportunity for consumers to enjoy culture, and has been an important factor to improve company images. Based on these roles and needs, expectancy effects are related with consumer preference and space preference, and the attitude toward companies. Moreover, the expectancy effects from those relationships are getting bigger and bigger. We should respect nature, a characteristic of Korean architecture, maintain visual continuity that harmonies with nature in the development of the complex space of the domestic department stores, and should take significance in the development of the complex cultural space in the direction of feeling the hierarchy of the space to obtain the visual pleasure with the artificial structure.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.407-421
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• 2012

Orthodontic problems of the oral maxillofacial area could be classified into skeletal and dental problems. Dental problems might cause various occlusal disharmony and among them congenital missing or eruption failure might cause not only functional problems but also esthetic problems. Additional psychological problems are also one of the reasons for patients seeking treatment. In cases showing eruption failure of many teeth in the maxilla, not only occlusal and esthetic problems but also difficulty in alveolar bone maintainment could occur. Therefore, successive approach is necessary when multiple teeth show eruption problems. In this case, a patient with eruption problems of #13, 12, 11, 23, 43 was successfully treated by surgical exposure and successive orthodontic extrusion resulting perfect occlusion. By additional periodontal treatment, gingival recession that occurred along with teeth eruption was solved. The impacted right mandibular canine was erupted successfully only by natural arch expansion and leeway space without any special surgical treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.124-131
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• 2000

Rapid Prototyping(RP) models are no longer used only for design verification. Currently, parts built utilizing layer manufacturing technology can be employed as functional prototypes and as patterns or tools for different manufacturing processes such as vacuum casting, investment casting, injection molding, precise casting and sand casting. This trend of Rapid Prototyping application meets the requirement of concurrent engineering and its range covers a more spreaded area. The aim of this paper is saving the manufacturing lead time and cost of plastic parts having hollow space shapes used by prototype-car. Using rapid prototype patterns, made by the Selective Laser Sintering(SLS) technique, a new approach of manufacturing resin-based blow mold is discussed. It has a great potential fur making prototype-car parts with the batch size of under 200 parts, in case of rapid modification due to a subsequent design changes in developing stage. So, the process proposed in this research shows reduction of process time and manufacturing cost when compared with the conventional process such as a Zinc Alloy fur Stamping(ZAS) mold.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.233-242
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• 2014

In terms of both quality of rural lifestyle and cultural awareness, the importance of community facility is being emphasized. Nevertheless, by occasion of graying, population outflow and revenue loss, rural society faces the erosion of community. For these reasons, government is promotion an community space construction project on rural areas which is lack of community facilities. Whereas the projects are just one off thing not include upkeeping, so lots of functional overlapping community facilities are formed in same place. In this study has classified rural community facility remodeling element and designed rural community facility evaluation system of each elements. In order to implement of purpose, it has categorized community remodeling index in rural area by literature analysis and site survey. For setting remodeling rating system, this study analysed preceding research data and conducted a Delphi survey of 30 experts. As a result, this study deducted 29 categories of community remodeling index and 21 categorizes of remodeling rating clause. Taking this result, this study progressed case study on seonheul-ri in Jeju. Implications, limitations and future research directions are presented. It would be groundwork for remodeling system development in rural community facility.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.350-358
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• 2013

Due to recent change in fire stations, this study aims to propose improved directions for planning of 119 rescue centers through its analysis of spatial organization and characteristics by functional area based in case studies of new-design centers. The Korean 119 rescue centers have changed in terms of function and roles in line with the flow of changing social environments, so it has been required to give new spatial change to these centers. It's meant in this study to classify compulsory special service spaces for the 119 rescue centers by domain and to suggest design guidelines for each type of spaces. Eight case of recue centers that were newly built in and after 2008 were selected and analyzed to serve the purpose. Finally, the results of this study were as followed: First, each of the rescue centers is divided into several domain depending on the type of work, and there are meaningful characteristics in the vertical and horizontal spatial layout of the individual spaces. Second, there are specific differences among the spaces in the spatial occupation percentage. The percentage of the space for community service is obviously lower in the 119 rescue centers in Seoul than in Incheon. Third, the domain classification criteria of this study are selected based on earlier studies, and another space for community service is newly added as a result of making a case study.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.105-116
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• 2004

The design of pico-/nano-satellites is particularly challenging due to constraints in mass, volume, power, and surface area. An efficient low-cost picosatellite HAUSAT-1 Electrical Power Subsystem (EPS) is developed to supply the power for various loads during the full mission life. This paper addresses design and analysis results of solar arrays, batteries, power conditioning and distribution units. The component selection, manufacturing and test results are presented by considering appropriate development cost and performance. The simulation results of power system are also illustrated, according to operational modes, through energy balance analysis. Finally, the EFS design feasibility is verified by comparing analysis results with functional and environmental test results at the system and component levels, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 2020

Nowadays, '1+N' is the operation model of compound bookstores. This study firstly investigated the general information and needs of customers and analyzed 4 basic behaviors of customers in 10 functional space of bookstore. Secondly, a preliminary analysis framework of interior design of compound bookstore was established, by applying 3 research tools of service design to 3 design elements of interior design. Thirdly, the case was analyzed in the preliminary analysis framework to find out the detailed process of the interaction between the customer and the bookstore, the touchpoint and the interior design project, to find out the blind spots in design, and put forward the solutions. Finally, after being refined, a compound bookstore interior design model based on the concept of service design was established. This model can be used to test the design content and service quality of the interior functional area of the compound bookstore, and to find out the design blank points.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to summarize the concept of well-being and well-being apartment, to grasp the present condition of apartments which were introduced with well-being elements, and to find out the consumer preferences on well-being elements for apartment planning. Library and internet surveys were performed to summarize the concept of well-being and well-being apartment and to grasp the present condition of apartments which were introduced with well-being elements. Questionnaire survey was carried out from 2nd to 22nd of June 2005, to investigate the preferences on well-being elements for apartment planning. The respondents were 250 residents who are from thirties to fifties and living in urban area. As results, respondents think that 'living for health of body and mind' about concept of well-being and 'certificated apartments by green building rating system' or 'apartments introduced ecological factor' about concept of well-being apartment. They answered that 'yes' about 'Do you have intention to buy well-being apartment?'. The elements in aspect of complex planning having the preference were revealed that promenade for complex design, ecological garden or walking space for landscape design, outdoor exercise space for outdoor design, and security system for foundation equipment. The elements having the preference in aspect of public facilities were fitness room for sports & health facility and study room for cultural facility. The preferred elements in aspect of building and unit design were roof garden for building design, multi-functional room for unit floor plan, natural surface material for interior surface, ventilation system for indoor environment, control system for home automation, and food waste machine for home electronics.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.574-580
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• 2017

Static dischargers should be installed on air vehicle to emit a static electricity during flight. Especially, If static electricity is not removed by static discharger on the air vehicle, it makes ionization and corona effect on the edge of antenna and wing. Those phenomenon bring about performance degradation for radio communication and equipment operation. In this paper, the conditions such as climate, air vehicle's speed and frontal area were analyzed to design static dischargers. As a result, the static dischargers would be optimally designed for air vehicles and the performance of the static dischargers can verify according to the functional experiment. Therefore the result of this research will be used to make static discharger installation design for new air vehicle that have different size and mission.