• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1071-1078
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• 2007

Using a 50-1 airlift bioreactor, for the effective production of tylosin from Streptomyces fradiae TM-224 using raw cornmeal as the energy source, various environmental factors were studied in flask cultures. The maximum tylosin concentration was obtained at $32^{\circ}C$ and pH between 7.0 and 7.5. When seed was inoculated after 24 h of culture, the maximum tylosin concentration, 5.7 g/l, was obtained after 4 days of culture. Various concentrations of raw cornmeal were tested to investigate the optimum initial concentration for the tylosin production. An initial raw cornmeal concentration of 80 g/l gave the highest tylosin concentration, 5.8 g/l, after 5 days of culture. Of the various nitrogen sources, soybean meal and fish meal were found to be the most effective for the production of tylosin. In particular, with the optimal mixing ratio, 12 g/l of soybean meal to 14 g/l of fish meal, 7.2 g/l of tylosin was obtained after 5 days of culture. To compare raw cornmeal and glucose for the production of tylosin in the 50-1 airlift bioreactor for 10 days, fed-batch cultures were carried out under the optimum culture conditions. When raw com meal was used as the energy source, the tylosin production increased with increasing culture time. The maximum tylosin concentration after 10 days of culture was 13.5 g/l, with a product yield from raw cornmeal of 0.123 g/g of consumed carbon source, which was about 7.2 times higher than that obtained when glucose was used as the carbon source.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.87-91
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• 1976

This study was undertaken to learn the over-all influence of fertilizer on soybean culture and the chemical composition of soybean in the reclaimed land. Treatments included five rates of N.P.K: 4.10.8, compost: 1, 000. N.P.K.: 4.10.8 + compost: 1, 000, N.P.K: 2.5.5 kg/10 are as well as unfertilized plot in the reclaimed land and N.P.K: 4.10.8 kg/10 are as a check plot of the cultivated area. The yield of green plant above-ground, grain yield and protein content were higher in the cultivated plot than in the reclaimed land. Maximum yield of green plant or the greatest grain yield occurred in the plot of N.P.K: 4.10.8+compost: 1, 000 kg application and they diminished as the fertilizer application decreased. Yet there was no statistical significance in the chemical seed composition among treatments.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2004

Bacillus strains capable of producing fibrinolytic enzyme were isolated from traditional fermented Korean soybean paste and Japanese fermented soybean (Natto). Among the 16 strains, a selected Bacillus sp. was identified as bacillus firmus, with 80.7％ homology, by API kit analysis. Seed starter or B. firmus NA-1 was prepared with 5％ soymilk prepared from micronized soybean powder. To produce fibrinolytic enzyme by B. firmus NA-1 the liquid culture was performed with NB broth (pH 7.0) fortified with 1％ galactose, 0.1% tryptone, and 0.5% $K_2$HPO$_4$, by shaking with 180 rpm at 37$^{\circ}C$. Fibrinolytic enzyme activity reached the highest value at 7.8 unit/mL (plasmin unit) after fermentation for 72 hr. The crude fibrinolytic enzyme showed higher relative activity in the range of pH 7.0∼9.0. The activity of crude fibrinolytic enzyme was well maintained even after concentration by the vacuum evaporation at 5$0^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.373-383
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• 2019

We investigated the effect of different media components on the characteristics and productivity of Lentinula edodes cultivated in sawdust. Ten substrates were used for this study. Soybean and cotton seed meal were unsuitable substrates as fungal mycelia did not grow to maturity during the incubation period. Lentinula edodes (NIFoS culture number 2462) was grown on the ten substrates, and soybean hull, mixed medium, cotton seed hull and corn grain showed greater effect on the productivity than wheat bran. However, wheat bran induced higher productivity in NIFoS 2778 than the other substrates. Sawdust medium with soybean meal produced smaller fruiting bodies than the other substrates. In contrast, corn meal media produced larger mushrooms than the other substrates. The external characteristics of the mushrooms varied based on the substrates upon which they were grown. This is not surprising given that the substrates differed with respect to carbohydrate and protein content, e.g., cotton seed and soybean meal contained a higher crude protein and crude ash than the other substrates tested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.92.2-93
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• 2003

Severe soybean-sprout rot was found at the mass productive factory in 2000 and 2001 and it caused 10-20％ loss of the production. Pythium sp. was isolated almost 90％ by potato dextrose agar from rotted root and hypocotylsof the sprouts. And the pathogencity tests using test tubes with 2％ water agar and small containers (30 ${\times}$ 30 ${\times}$ 50 cm, WxLxH) cultivation were shown a similar rot on roots and hypocotyls. The fungal mycelium grew rapidly on the water agar and it prevented the seed germination. Density of the Pythium sp. in the recycled water system at the factory was periodically measured using a selective medium, corn meal agar with Pimaricin 10 mg, Rifampicin 10 mg, Ampicillin 100 mg per 1 liter in order to check the contamination of recycled water. After fitering step using 5 and 1 ml in the recycled system was applied and it was effectively controlled Pythium rot. The daily yield of sprout was stable and the occurrenceof Pythium in the recycled water was much less after filtering. The fungal isolates were identified as Pythium deliense Meurs based on various mycological characteristics on corn meal agar and sucrose-asparagine bentgrass leaf culture medium. P. deliens oogonia were spherical, smooth, 19-23 urn in diameter, and their stalk bending toward antheridia. Antheridia were straw hat-shaped, curred club-shaped, therminal or intercalary, monoclinous, occasionally diclinous, 12∼15 ${\times}$ 8∼11 um, 1(∼2) per oogonium.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.438-449
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• 2013

During the Joseon Dynasty, medicinal foods derived from herbs were often more effective than traditional medicines. In addition, the royal family of the Joseon Dynasty believed that foods could be used as various disease treatments. Grain-based foods, especially medicinal porridges (藥粥), were most frequently used for diet therapy. We investigated various types of diet-related diseases suffered by King Injo (仁祖) as well as how the diseases were treated using medicinal porridges based on information in the SeungjeongwonIlgi (承政院日記), which is the daily record of the Royal Secretariat of the Joseon Dynasty. This study examined the SeungjeongwonIlgi of King Injo from his1st year (1623) to 27th year (1649) on a website database maintained by the National Institute of Korean History. According to the records, King Injo suffered from severe diarrhea several times due mainly to febrile disease (煩熱症) as well as abdominal dropsy (脹滿) throughout his entire life. Major diseases affecting King Injo were due to his unhealthy eating habits and psychological factors. For treatment, royal doctors prescribed around 15 medicinal porridges, including nelumbo (seed) porridge (Yeonja-juk), milk porridge (Tarak-juk), Chinese dioscorea porridge (Sanyak-juk), mungbean porridge (Nokdu-juk), perilla seed porridge (Imja-juk), adzuki-bean porridge (Pat-juk), soybean porridge (Kong-juk), Korean-leek porridge (Buchu-juk), and so on, in addition to other medical treatments. Diet therapy using medicinal porridges has been used throughout history since the Joseon Dynasty period. However, knowledge of traditional diet therapy and medicinal porridges used by monarchs in the Joseon Dynasty is insufficient. Therefore, in-depth study is needed to understand the theory of traditional medicinal foods as well as explore their application to patients in the context of modern medicine.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.869-873
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• 2011

Most medium formulations for improving culture of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) based on protein sources have used enriched media like animal feed such as dried egg yolk, lactalbumin, and liver extract, among other ingredients. Most results, however, showed unstable yields and longer production time. Many of the results do not show the detailed parameters of fermentation. Soy flour, cotton seed flour, corn gluten meal, casein powder, soytone, peptone, casein hydrolysates, and lactalbumin hydrolysate as protein sources were tested to determine the source to support optimal symbiotic bacteria and nematode growth. The protein hydrolysates selected did not improve bacterial cell mass compared with the yeast extract control, but soy flour was the best, showing 75.1% recovery and producing more bacterial cell number ($1.4{\times}10^9$/ml) than all other sources. The highest yield ($1.85{\times}10^5$ IJs/ml), yield coefficient ($1.67{\times}10^6$ IJs/g medium), and productivity ($1.32{\times}10^7$ IJs/l/day) were also achieved at enriched medium with soybean protein.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.544-548
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• 2002

The object of this study was to investigate nitrogen fixation activity of rhizobium inoculated at seed coat when drought condition was applied in flowering period of soybean c.v. Samnamkong. The rhizobia used in this experiment were indigenous rhizobium, R2l4, RJl-29, USDA110 and USDA122. The experiment was done with 1/2000 Wagner pots in laboratory and greenhouse and was tested in completely randomized design with four replications. Nitrogen fixation activity in coventional culture was the highest in R2l4 and indigenous rhizobium among the five rhizobia strains. As given drought condition from flowering to maturity, nitrogen fixation activity was higher in R2l4 and RJl-29 than indigenous rhizobium. Leaf area and relative index (drought/convention) of pod weight were higher in USDA122, RJl-29 and R2l4 than indigenous rhizobium as given drought condition from flowering to maturity. High positive correlation was observed between nitrogen fixation activity of rhizobium and relative index(drought/convention) of pod weight. High negative correlation was observed between respiration of plant and relative index (drought/convention) of leaf area.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.411-414
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to determine proper method for alternative row culture of two varieties to increase seed yield in soybean. The test varieties 'Hwangkeumkong' and 'Taekwangkong' which were planted monoculture of each variety, seeding after mixing same number of seeds of two varieties, 1-row alternation, 2­row alternation, 2-row 'Hwangkeumkong' and 1-row 'Taekwangkong' and 1-row 'Hwangkeumkong' and 2­row 'Taekwangkong'. Alternative planting of 1-row 'Hwangkeumkong' and 1-row 'Taekwangkong' resulted the highest canopy height and reduced lodging most effectively. The terminal and the 9th leaves of 'Taekwangkong' in alternative variety planting showed the higher photosynthetic ability than pure stand of that. Alternative planting of two varieties in every other row increased yield by $17\%$ in 'Hwangkeumkong' and by $8\%$ in 'Taekwangkong'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.703-708
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• 2005

This study was carried out to compare the antioxidant activities of the ether, butanol, water extracts from chestnut inner shell(Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.) with those of tocopherol and BHA in soybean oil. All additives were added to soybean oil on the quantities of 0.02%. Comparing the antioxidant activities under autooxidation condition at $45.0{\pm}0.5$ for 42days of the extracts were recorded in the order of butanol>ether>control>BHA>tocopherol depending on the solvent. Under the condition at $60.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ for 32days, the butanol extracts represented the high antioxidation effect, however, there was no significant differences between the ether extracts and control. Under thermal oxidation condition, the ether extract showed stronger antioxidant activity than those of the butanol extract. In the results of polyphenol compound analysis, ellagic acid, quercetin, morin, naringenin, flavanol were included in the ether extracts and ellagic acid, naringenin, gallic acid, flavanol were included in the butanol extracts, respectively. Among them, ellagic acid in ether extract and gallic acid and naringenin in butanol extracts seed to increase the antioxidant activities in the substrate oil.