• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1975-1984
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• 2020

Objective: The study was conducted to determine the effects of body weight (BW) and fiber sources on nutrient digestibility, fiber fermentation and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration in different intestinal segments of growing pigs fed high-fiber diets. Methods: Nine barrows with initial BW of 25.17±0.73 kg and 9 barrows with initial BW of 63.47±2.18 kg were allotted to a duplicate 9×2 Youden Square design with 3 dietary treatments and 2 periods. The dietary treatments were formulated with 3 different high-fiber ingredients: corn bran, sugar beet pulp, and soybean hulls, respectively. Each diet was fed to 3 barrows with different stage of BW in each period. Results: There were no differences in the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of most nutrients between pigs at different BW stages. Pigs at 60 kg had greater (p<0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of total dietary fiber (TDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), and had greater (p<0.05) hindgut disappearance of IDF and cellulose than pigs at 25 kg. The acetate, propionate and total SCFA concentrations in ileal digesta and feces of pigs at 60 kg were greater (p<0.05) than those of pigs at 25 kg. In addition, fiber sources affected (p<0.05) the AID of gross energy (GE), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), crude protein, SDF and hemicellulose, the hindgut disappearance and ATTD of dietary fiber components, the lactate and propionate concentrations in ileal digesta and the butyrate, valerate and total SCFA concentrations in feces. There were interactions (p<0.05) between BW and fiber sources on the AID of GE, OM, EE, SDF, hemicellulose, the ATTD of EE, TDF, and IDF, and the hindgut disappearance of SDF and hemicellulose. Conclusion: Increasing BW mainly improved the digestibility of dietary fiber fractions, and the dietary fiber sources influenced the digestibility of almost all the dietary nutrients in growing pigs.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.738-744
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• 2017

Effect of dietary inclusion of microalgae, diatom-dominant, oil extracts (MOE) on growth, body composition and shell color of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus was investigated. One thousand four hundred and seventy juvenile abalone were distributed into 21 plastic rectangular containers. Seven experimental diets were prepared: MOE0, MOE0.01, MOE0.05, MOE0.1, MOE0.5, MOE1 and MOE2 diets containing MOE at the concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2% at the expense of mixture of squid liver and soybean oils, respectively. The experimental diets were fed to abalone in triplicate once a day with a little leftover for 16 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate of abalone fed the MOE1 and MOE2 diets were higher than those of abalone fed the all other diets. The shell length and soft body weight of abalone fed the MOE2 diet were longer and heavier than those of abalone fed the all other diets. Crude protein and ash content of the soft body of abalone were affected by dietary inclusion of MOE. The shell color of abalone fed the all experimental diets was different from that of wild abalone. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of MOE improved growth of abalone, but did not shell color of abalone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.737-742
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• 2000

As functionality investigation of a soybean fermentation food, a angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptide was separated during natto fermentation by Bacillus natto and inhibitory effect was investigated. After incubation at each 2$0^{\circ}C$, 3$0^{\circ}C$, 4$0^{\circ}C$, 5$0^{\circ}C$, 6$0^{\circ}C$ for the 0~72 hr, protein content, protease activity and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition were determined. The protein content and protease activity were increased and reached maximum at 60 hr fermentation with 4$0^{\circ}C$ and decreased after the 60 hr fermentation during natto fermentation. The optimum condition for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors was appeared at fermentation for 60 hr at 4$0^{\circ}C$. Crude extract of natto was partially purified by Amicon membrane YM-3 and Sephadex G-10, G-25 gel filtration, stepwise. The inhibitory rate was increased in a concentration dependent manner, espcially the most potent activity about 74.74% at 1.0 mg peptide content. The most prominent amino acid of the peptide from natto was alanine, followed by phenylalnine, histidine.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2010

The diacylhydrazine insecticides, methoxyfenozide, chromafenozide and tebufenozide are new-generation insecticides. These insecticides induce premature molting and cause the death of insects by mimicking their hormone. Also, these insecticides have already been widely used for vegetables planting in worldwide. Highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the most widely used procedure for determination of each compound residues in crops. However, simultaneous analysis method of these diacylhydrazine insecticides was not reported. The purpose of this study is to develop a simultaneous determination procedure of methoxyfenozide, chromafenozide and tebufenozide residue in crops using HPLC-UVD/MS method. These insecticide residues were extracted with acetone from representative samples of five raw products which comprised hulled rice, soybean, apple, pepper, and Chinese cabbage. The extract was diluted with saline water, and dichloromethane partition was followed to recover these insecticides from the aqueous phase. Florisil column chromatography was additionally employed for final cleanup of the extracts. The analytes were quantitated by HPLCUVD/MS, using a $C_{18}$ column. The crops were fortified with each insecticide at two levels per crop. Mean recoveries ranged from 89.0 to 104.8% in five representative agricultural commodities. The coefficients of variation were less than 3.9%. Quantitative limits of methoxyfenozide, chromafenozide and tebufenozide were 0.04 mg/kg in crop samples. A HPLC-UVD/MS with selected-ion monitoring was also provided to confirm the suspected residues. The proposed simultaneous analysis method was reproducible and sensitive enough to determine the residues of methoxyfenozide, chromafenozide and tebufenozide in agricultural commodities.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.328-333
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• 2004

The maximum productivity of ${\alpha}-galactosidase,$ capable of hydrolyzing completely ${\alpha}-D-l,6-galactopyranosyl$ linkages within oligomeric substrates such as melibiose, raffinose and stachyose to liberate galactose residue, was reached to 718 mU/ml in the culture filtrate of Bacillus licheniformis at death phase. The ${\alpha}-galactosidase$ was identified to show different efficiencies for hydrolyzing the ${\alpha}-galactooligosaccharides$ according to analysis of reaction products by both TLC and quantification of the liberated reducing sugars. The enzyme was active on ${\alpha}-galactooligosaccharides$ in the order of melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose. Though the hydrolyzing activity of enzyme was faintly inhibited by reaction products such as galactose, glucose and sucrose with amounts of five folds more than the added substrates (20 mM), the largest inhibition of enzyme activity was caused by galactose among the end products. Unknown compound, which migrated slower than melibiose on TLC, was detected during hydrolysis reaction of melibiose, suggesting that the ${\alpha}-galactosidase$ has a glycosyl transferase activity. In addition, the enzyme was able to hydrolyze efficiently raffinose and stachyose existed in the soluble extract of soybean meal.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.150-158
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• 2015

This article reports the development of an effective test procedure for detection of norovirus (NoV) in foods of diverse matrices. In this study, target foods included fermented milk, soybean paste, powders made from uncooked grains and vegetables, sesame leaves preserved in soy sauce, pickled mooli, and mooli. Viral recovery varied depending on the food matrices or elution buffers tested. Buffers were compared to determine effective elution buffers from artificially virus-contaminated foods. The conventional test procedure for concentrating viruses from food (elution-polyethylene glycol(PEG) precipitation-chloroform-PEG precipitation) was modified to save time by eliminating one PEG precipitation step. The modified procedure (elution-chloroform-PEG precipitation) was able to concentrate viruses more effectively than the conventional procedure. It also removed RT-PCR inhibitors effectively. The modified procedure was applied to target food for genogroup II NoV detection. NoV RNA was detected at the initial inoculum levels 3.125-12.5 RT-PCR units per 10-25 g tested food. The use of this newly established procedure should facilitate detection of low levels of norovirus in diverse foods.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1579-1585
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• 2011

Natural anti-diabetic semipurified ethyl acetate fraction was isolated from the submerged-liquid culture of Agaricus blaze Murill (AB) in a medium containing soybean flakes. Hot-water extract of AB (HEAB) was prepared by extraction at $121^{\circ}C$ for 60 min, followed by filtering through a filter presser filled with diatomate. The ${\beta}$-glucan-free HEAB, which was a supernatant fraction from HEAB by precipitation in an 80% ethanol solution, was fractionated into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions. The inhibition of the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity by fractions was 59.0, 17.0, 61.6, and 37.9%, respectively, suggesting that ethyl acetate fraction was the most active. A subfraction having a strong ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity (80.4%) was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction. This subfraction contained isoflavones (genistin and daidzin) and their conjugates with sugars as potent inhibiters of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity. These results suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction or HEAB containing isoflavones and their sugars conjugates could be useful sources for controlling blood sugar levels in humans.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 1988

In order to improve the quality of amino acid soysauce, this experiment was carried out as follows; koji added amino acid soysauce(KAAS) was prepared by addition of defatted soybean and meal koji into amino acid soysauce containing $0.5%{\sim}1.5%$ of total nitrogen. Various physicochemical characteristics of KAAS during aging were determined. Total nitrogen, amino-nitrogen, specific gravity, pure extract, total acidity and color were high in KAAS at high total nitrogen. After one month aging, reducing sugar was high in KAAS at high total nitrogen, but pH was high in KAAS at low total nitrogen. Ethyl alcohol was 2.07% in KAAS at 0.5% of total nitrogen after five months aging and 1.4% in KAAS at 1.5% of total nitrogen. Levulinic acid and lactic acid were high in KAAS at low total nitrogen. The results obtained above summarized as the quality of KAAS were highly good at $0.5{\sim}0.7%$ of total nitrogen after two or three months aging.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2006

We isolated a bacterium which produces antifungal substances from the Sanktpeterburg soils at Russia. The iso-lated strain was identified as Brevibacillus sp. and shown a strong antifungal activity on plant pathogenic fungi. Brevibacillus sp. KMU-391 produced maximum level of antifungal substances under incubation aerobically at $30^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours in trypticase soybean broth containing 1.0% sucrose and 1.0% polypeptone at 180 rpm and initiated pH adjusted to 7.0. Precipitate of culture broth by $30{\sim}60%$ ammonium sulfate precipitation exhibited strong antifungal activity against Didymella bryoniae by dry cell weight. Butanol extract of cultured broth also shown fungal growth inhibitory activity against Botrytis cinerea KACC 40573, Botrytis fabae KACC 40962, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides KACC 40804, Colletotrichum orbiculare KACC 40808, Didymella bryoniae KACC 40669, Fusarium graminearum KACC 41040, Fusarium oxysporum KACC 40037, Fusarium oxysporum KACC 40052, Fusarium oxysporum f, sp. radicis-Iycopersici KACC 40537, Fusarium oxysporum KACC 40902, Monosporascus cannonballus KACC 40940, Phytophthora camvibora KACC 40160, Rhizoctonia solani AG-1(IA) KACC 40101, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 KACC 40142, and Scleotinia scleotiorum KACC 41065 by agar diffusion method.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.332-338
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• 2012

A simple and sensitive analytical method was developed using gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for determination of Picoxystrobin in agricultural products (apple, hulled rice, mushroom, pepper, soybean, and mandarin). Picoxystrobin residues were extracted with acetonitrile, partitioned with saline water, and then they were cleaned up on a florisil solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge to obtain an extract suitable for analysis by GC-ECD and GC-MS. The method was validated using 6 agricultural product samples spiked with Picoxystrobin at different concentration levels (0.02, 0.05 and 0.5 mg/L). Average recoveries of Picoxystrobin (using each concentration three replicates) ranged 64.0~98.3% with relative standard deviations less than 10%, calibration solutions concentration in the range 0.1~5 mg/L, and limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.005 and 0.02 mg/L, respectively. The result showed that the developed analytical method is suitable for Picoxystrobin determination in agricultural products.