• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.153-170
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• 1970

1. Isolation and identification of amylase-producing bacteria. The powerful strain A-12 and S-8 were respectively isolated from air and soil after screening a large number of amylase-producing bacteria. Their bacterial characteristics have been investigated and it has been found that all characteristics of strain A-12 and S-8 are similar to Bac. subtilis of Bergey's manual except for the acid formation from a few carbohydrates and the citrate utilization, i.e., the strain A-12 shows negative in the citrate utilization, and the acid formation from arabinose and xylose, S-8 shows negative in the acid formation from xylose. 2. Amylase production by Liquid cultures with solid materials. Several conditions for amylase production by strain A-12 in stationary cultures have been studied. The results obtained are as follows. (1) The optimum conditions are:temperature $35^{\circ}C$, initial pH 6.5 to 7.0 and incubation time 3 to 4 days. (2) The amylase production is not affected by the preservation period of the stock cultures. (3) Among the various solid material, the defatted soy bean is found to be the best for t1e amylase production. However, the alkali treatment of the defatted soy bean gives no effect contrary to the cage of defatted rape seed. The addition of soluble starch to the alkali extract of defatted soy bean shows the increased amylase production. (4) Up to 1% addition of ethanol to carbon dificient media gives the improved amylase production, whereas the above effect is not found in the case of carbon rich media. (5) The amylase production can be increased 2.5 times when 10% of defatted soy bean is admixed to cheaply available wheat bran. (6) The excellent effect is found for amylase production when 20% of wheat bran is admixed to defatted dry milk which is a poor medium. The activity is found to be $D^{40^{\circ}}_{30'}$ 7,000(L.S.V. 1,800) in 10% medium. (7) No significant effect is observed due to the addition of various inorganic salts. 3. Amylase production by solid cultures. Several conditions for amylase production by strain A-12 in wheat bran cultures have been studied and the results obtained are as follows. (1) The optimum conditions: are temperature $33^{\circ}C$, incubation lime 2 days, water content added 150 to 175% and the thickness of the medium 1.5cm, The activity is found to be $D^{40^{\circ}}_{30'}$ 36,000(L.S.V. 15,000) (2) No significant effect is found in the case of the additions of various organic and inorganic substances.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.474-478
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• 2005

Because it possesses anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, and tissue regenerative properties, propolis has been used for thousands of years in folk medicine for multiple purposes. Although the antimicrobial activity of propolis has already been demonstrated, very few studies have been conducted on bacteria of clinical relevance in dentistry. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative activities of 0.1% and 1.0% propolis, both of water-extracted (proAQ) and ethanol-extracted (proAL) propolis, for industrial applications. In studies of antimicrobial activity, the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 35556, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 12021, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Candida parapsilosis KCCM 35428, all general food or clinical pathogens, were tested. The culture medium used was trypticase soy broth including 0.6% yeast extract; after 6 hr of incubation, the turbidities were measured at 620 nm with a spectrophotometer. The results indicate that the antimicrobial effects of both 1.0% proAQ and 1.0% proAL were greater against the growth of S. aureus ATCC 35556 and C. parapsilosis KCCM 35428 rather than those of S. enteritidis ATCC 12021 and E. coli O157:H7. Additionally, it appears that the anti-inflammatory effects of proAL are greater than those of proAQ. The anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by measurement of the inhibition of hyaluronidase activity in vitro. At a 1% concentration, the anti-inflammatory effects of proAL were greater than those of proAQ. Finally, the anti-oxidative effects of 1% and 10% solutions of each extract sample were measured according to the TBA method at $40^{\circ}C$ for 1, 2, 3, and 5 days and were compared with 1.0% BHT. The results indicate that the anti-oxidative effects at 0.1% for both proAQ and proAL were not significantly different than the anti-oxidative effects at 1.0% BHT (p<0.05). Thus, it appeared that the alcohol-extracted propolis had greater antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects than the water-extracted propolis. This is based on the presumption that major biofunctional components were fat-soluble, rather than water-soluble.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.172-176
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• 2006

In order to increase the productivity of lipstatin by Steptomyces toxytricini, the effect of medium components on the lipstatin production was investigated. Using TSB medium as a basal medium, a variety of carbon sources, nitrogen sources, lipid and fatty acids was supplemented into a fermentation medium. The seed culture of S. toxytricini grown in 25 ml TSB medium at $28^{\circ}C$ for 3 days with agitation at 200 rpm was inoculated in the size of 2% in fermentation media containing different components and fermented at $28^{\circ}C$ for 60 more hrs. In the examination of the effect of carbon sources, the best cell growth was observed in fermentation media supplemented with glucose or glycerol, but the lipstatin productivity was the highest in media containing lactose or sucrose. Among complex nitrogen sources, yeast extract was the best one for cell growth, but the highest lipstatin production was found in TSB media composed of 1.7% casitone and 0.3% soytone. The increased concentration of triolein as a lipid caused the promotion of cell growth but the significant suppression of lipstatin production. When 0.5% fatty acids were supplemented to fermentation medium, unsaturated fatty acids like linoleic or oleic acid suppressed cell growth as well as lipstatin production, but 2 times higher lipstatin production was achieved by stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid, differently from expectation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.489-495
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• 1998

The optimum culture condition of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis for the production of ${\alpha}$-galactosidase was as follows: Tryptone 1.5%, $NH_4NO_3$ 0.2%, Raffinose 2.5%, $KH_2PO_4$ 0.5%, yeast extract 0.5%, pH 7.0, $27^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity of ${\alpha}$-galactosidase producing Scopulariopsis brevicaulis were pH 7.0 and $27^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was relatively stable at $pH\;6.0{\sim}8.0$ and at temperature below $40^{\circ}C$. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited by $Ag^{2+},\;Hg^{2+},\;Cu^{2+}$, p-chloromercuribenzoic acid and Iodine. These results would indicate the presence of -SH groups in the catalytic site of the enzyme. Km value was 1.9 mM for $p-nitrophenyl-{\alpha}-D-galactopyranoside$ and Vmax value was $9.66{\times}10^2\;{\mu}M/min$. Sugar constituents of culture broth were identified by HPLC that the enzyme liberated sucrose, glucose and fructose from raffinose and raffinose was significantly decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.104-110
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• 2015

In order to develop new Kalopanax pictus shoot Jangajji (KJ) with low salt concentration, physicochemical changes of KJ soaked at different concentration of soybean sauce (10~50%) were investigated for 50 days. The pH of KJ increased significantly with increasing concentration of soybean sauce in soaking solution (P<0.05). Titratable acidity and NaCl concentration of all KJ increased during storage for 50 days at $10^{\circ}C$. The total bacterial count slowly increased during early storage time and reached its highest level (4.74 log CFU/g) after storage for 30 days. KJ-20 (KJ added with 20% soy sauce) showed the highest scores for taste, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of KJ extract increased with increasing concentration of soybean sauce. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of KJ extract were 27.22% and 38.37% (control), 40.74% and 43.65% (KJ-10), 41.79% and 50.37% (KJ-20), 43.09% and 52.60% (KJ-30), 48.62% and 53.45% (KJ-40), and 50.85% and 60.79% (KJ-50), respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 2019

To utilize soybean leaf, which is a waste product in soybean production, as a value-added food material, this study aimed to investgate the extraction efficiency of isoflavone from soybean leaf and to characterize physicochemical properties of the extract. Maximum isoflavone content of $59.74{\pm}4.54mg/l$ was obtained from soybean leaf extracted at $90^{\circ}C$ for 12 h. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pricylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging activity and total polyphenol contents reached maximum levels of $67.26{\pm}3.64%$ and $1,688.68{\pm}97.37{\mu}g/ml$ chlorogenic acid equivalent, respectively. Based on the contents of isoflavone and total polyphenol, and DPPH radical-scavenging activity, optimum extraction conditions for soybean leaf using water as solvent were $90^{\circ}C$ and 12 h.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the experience and perception among adult women regarding weight control and the consumption of weight-control foods or health functional foods based on their body mass index (BMI). Methods: The subjects were 634 adult women from the Chungcheong province, Korea, and data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from July 2021 through September 2021. The subjects were divided into four groups based on their BMI status: underweight (< 18.5 kg/m², 7.6%), normal weight (18.5 ~ 22.9 kg/m², 53.3%), overweight (23 ~ 24.9 kg/m², 19.7%), and obese (≥ 25 kg/m², 19.4%). Results: Over the past 3 years, almost two-thirds (68.6%) of the adult women had tried weight control measures, despite the fact that a significant proportion of them were normal or underweight. More importantly, 57.6% of subjects reported the consumption of weight-control foods, with a lower proportion in the underweight (35.4%) group compared to the normal (56.2%), overweight (62.4%), and obese (65.0%) groups. The food items used for weight control were mostly salads, chicken breasts, low fat (soy) milk, slimming tea, protein shakes, low-calorie cereals, and energy/protein bars among others. In addition, one-third (31.1%) of the subjects reported the use of health functional foods containing ingredients for fat reduction. A significantly higher proportion of these was from the overweight (36.0%) and obese (38.2%) groups compared to the underweight (20.8%) and normal weight (28.1%) groups. Products containing Garcinia cambogia extract, green tea, or Cissus extract, were popular among users. Subjects who were obese had a poorer perception of their health and body. Most subjects felt the need for correct information regarding weight control, but this number was significantly more in the higher BMI groups. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the use of weight-control foods or health functional foods is popular among adult women, especially those who are obese. Thus, nutrition education courses covering facts about weight control and practice need to be developed and provided based on the BMI status of subjects.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2009

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of garlic extract (GE) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and meat composition in broilers. Dietary treatment were control (corn-soy based diet, 0 ppm), and diets added with 100 or 200 ppm GE. Starter and finisher diets were fed from 0 to 3 wk and 4 to 5 wk, respectively. Supplementation of GE had no effect on weight gain, but there was trend towards improvement in growth rate in birds fed diets containing 100 ppm GE during overall period, while birds fed 100 ppm GE had better feed efficiency (p<0.05) than birds fed control diet during finisher period. Birds fed GE had greater (p<0.05) nutrient digestibility of dry matter than birds fed control diet. The TBARS values of breast muscle obtained from birds fed 100 and 200 ppm GE were lower than breast muscle of control birds on day 8 and 12 of storage. The breast muscle of birds fed 200 ppm GE had higher (p<0.05) $L^*$ values than breast muscle of birds fed control and 100 ppm GE diets. The carcass characteristics, meat and bone composition, CIE $a^*$ and $b^*$ values did not differ among the dietary treatments. In conclusion, supplementation of GE enhanced feed efficiency and nutrient digestibility in broilers.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 1999

The hydrolysate of desalinated tuna boiled extract (TBE) were prepared by continuous hydrolysis of TBE using a membrane reactor. TBE and tuna boiled extract hydrolysate (TBEH) were isolated depending on molecular weights. The major molecular weight distributions of TBEH-l0K, TBEH-5K and TBEH-lK were 9,800Da, 3,000Da and 990Da, respectively. The amounts of nucleotides and their related compounds of TBE were 3.47 $\mu$mole/g AMP, 23.75 $\mu$mole/g IMP, 9.07 $\mu$mole/g inosine and 1.89 $\mu$mole/g hypoxanthine. Total content of amino acids having desirable taste (glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, proline, aspartic acid, serine) was about $63\%$ of total amino acid from TBE and about $62\%$ from TBEH. The natural seasoninings were prepared with TBE and TBEH. From the results of sensory evaluations, complex seasoning containing TBEH-1K was almost equal to the shellfish complex seasoning obtained from the market. The mixed sauce which was made by mixing of $50\%$ TBEH sauce and $50\%$ fermented soy sauce was similar to the tradition soybean sauce in product quality and it showed the possibility to be used for the substitute product for acid hydrolyzed soysauce.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.989-996
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• 2005

Ultraviolet (UV) induces photo aging, erythema, sunburn, photo-toxicity, photo-allergy, and skin tumor, To investigate photo-protective effects of AmorePacific Beauty-03 (APB-03; mixture of red ginseng extract powder and soybean extract powder) on UV-induced damaged skins, 40 SKH hairless female mice were orally administered APB-03 or saline five times a week and irradiated with UV three times per week far up to 12 weeks. Visible skin changes and skin damage in dermis and epidermis by replica image analysis and histological analysis. In APB-03-treated group, better skin, negative replica appearance and less wrinkle formation were observed compared to the UV control group. These results demonstrate oral administration of APB-03 have photo-protective effects on UV-damaged hairless mouse skin.