• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.329-333
• /
• 2003

Fruits of 'Manita', a red pepper cultivar, and 'HL', a cultivar bred for single-harvest, cultivated by direct sowing method were harvested simultaneously. The red fruits were freeze-, sun-, indoor-, hot-air $(65^{\circ}C)$, and excessive hot-air (50% longer time) dried. For Manita. ASTA values of freeze- and indoor-dried red pepper were the highest $(153.6{\sim}168.4)$, and those of sun- and hot air-dried ones were $119.2{\sim}131.5$. Excessive hot-air drying decreased the redness by about $9{\sim}15%$ compared to normal hot-air drying. For HL, ASTA values $(150.3{\sim}171.7)$ of indoor-dried red peppers were much higher than other dried peppers. Red pigment in HL was destroyed easily during sun drying, showing values of only $49.2{\sim}69.2$. By excessive hot-air drying, the redness did not decrease, compared to normal hot-air drying. The organic acid contents of both cultivars were higher in sun- and hot-air-dried ones than freeze- and indoor-dried ones. Copsaicinoid contents of both cultivars decreased up to 22% by excessive hot-air drying compared to normal hot-air drying. Sugar contents were lower in all drying methods other than freeze drying for both cultivars.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.57-73
• /
• 2020

A study was conducted to present the criteria for evaluating the revegetation method of the slope of the expressway. The results of comparative analysis between 2019-2020 field survey and existing research data (2015-2016) are as follows. Soil is a very important factor at the beginning of revegetation work. However, after the plant has settled, the importance of the soil composition diminishes. Among the plants used, the number of plants sown at the beginning gradually decreases. And it changes as it competes with invading plants. Among the plants used for sowing, it was found to affect the vegetation composition in the order of exotic grass > native herb and wildflower > native tree. Plant coverage is continuously evaluated as an important factor regardless of the time. The vegetation structure on the slope will change continuously over time. New items need to be evaluated in situations where a lot of time has elapsed since the application of revegetation work. It is desirable to use the current evaluation standard only to perform the evaluation within 1 to 2 years. In the long run, it is necessary to establish a new evaluation standard that adjusts the weights of each item.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.299-304
• /
• 2014

Effects of false seedbed procedures in organic corn field were evaluated as affected by preparation date and method. False seedbed was prepared at May 7, 14, 21, 28 and June 5 with shallow tillage or flame weeding. Weed suppression rate of each treatment was evaluated 3 weeks after sowing. Optimal false seedbed preparation time was between end of May and early in June. Weed suppression rate of early false seedbed preparation was quiet low. Flaming weed treatment was better than shallow tillage. Weed suppression rate by the second treatment was increased approximately 30-60% compared to $1^{st}$ treatment. Weed suppression rate at 3 weeks after sowing was 70-90% by the second false seedbed preparation. The results showed that the false seedbed technique between end of May and early in June preparation has some potential weed control to reduce weed population during crop growth. Therefore late planting time crop such as corn, sorghum and soybean would be possible to apply false seedbed for organic weed control.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2024

This study was conducted to validate the growth and productivity of cucumber hydroponics using coir as the medium, different types of nutrient solutions and formal methods, in order to select the most efficient cultivation method. The nutrient solutions consisted of culture solution (S) and raw water (W), the planting methods were rockwool cube seedlings (RC), rockwool plug seedlings (RP), and slab directly seedlings (DS). The reference date was set the sowing date. The initial growth showed a significant increase in the culture solution treatment, the differences among treatments decreased as the growth period lengthened. There was no apparent correlation between the planting methods and growth, but different results were observed among the same planting methods depending on nutrient solution used. Similarly, productivity followed a similar trend, with significantly higher harvest in the culture solution treatment during the initial harvest period of 6-8 weeks after sowing, but the harvest gap among treatments were diminished in the after period. The cumulative harvest was significantly higher in the culture solution treatment due to the initial difference in harvest quantity. Plant growth and fruit productivity exhibited a similar trend, showing a linear relationship. There was no correlation among the planting methods, but direct seedling with the culture solution showed the highest initial growth and harvests due to stable nutrient and moisture supply in the initial root zone. Therefore, it is believed that direct seeding method on the culture solution medium would be most advantageous for plant growth and productivity. Additionally, it is expected to contribute to cost effectiveness from an economic perspective through simplification of the cultivation process, labor costs and production cost reduction

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.59 no.3
• /
• pp.131-144
• /
• 2009

This study is about single-layered $Chog{\breve{a}}ri$ excavated from SongHyosang(宋效商, 1430-1490, SHS hereafter), SongHeeJong(宋喜從, the late 1500s, SHJ hereafter) tombs. There are 7 single-layered $Chog{\breve{a}}ris$ for men. We focus on comparison of their design and sowing method. 1. Design: Investigating collar, $Chog{\breve{a}}ris$ from SHS have MokpanGit and $Chog{\breve{a}}ris$ from SHJ have KalGit. KalGit has been seen from SHJ to 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. After the late 1500s, there is no MokpanGit single-laTered $Chog{\breve{a}}ri$ for men. Side panel under arm has various shapes(triangle, trapezoid, triangle+trapezoid) in 15th century. After the late 1500s, It changes into no side panel. Two $Chog{\breve{a}}ris$ with no side panel from SHJ reveals that the late 1500s is a period of transition. 2. Sewing method: First, researching lengthwise grainline of the fly, the left fly has lengthwise grainline outside In four, inside in three. The right fly has lengthwise grainline outside in just one, the others have lengthwise grainline inside. Compared with today's way, there is a great difference, but in those times there isn't an established rule. This is true of side panel under arm. The sewing method are backstitch, running stitch, and hemming. Researching the construction method of seam, in putting two selvages together, open seam and plain seam are used. In putting selvage and bias, bias and bias together, flat felled seam and french seam are used. This study shows that single-layered $Chog{\breve{a}}ri$ far men from 15C. to 16C. has changes of design such as collar(Git) and side panel undo. arm. But there is little change in sewing method.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.65 no.2
• /
• pp.130-141
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine which fermented liquid fertilizer and application method yields the greatest amount of growth in red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum MILL.) plants. Additionally, we investigated which extraction methods produce the most effective fertilizer with the highest levels of mineral nutrients. The liquid fertilizers used in this study were made from fish, bone and fish meal, red pepper leaves, and oil cake, and were extracted using fermentation or water and boiled water. In tomato plants, foliar-application of fermented fertilizer is known to promote more growth than application by drenching, regardless of the number of treatments (once or twice). In our studies, however, drenching with fertilizer promoted growth more effectively than foliar-application in red pepper plants. Studies in both tomato and red pepper have shown that the number of treatments does not significantly alter growth. Liquid fertilizers produced by a fermentation-extraction method promoted greater levels of growth in tomato compared to red pepper, and growth was greater when fertilizers were applied 20 (rather than 40) days post-sowing. Red pepper and tomato shoot fresh weight were affected more by fermented fertilizers than plant height 20 days post-sowing. In red pepper, we observed increased shoot fresh weight when using fermented liquid fertilizers with concentrations of 0.1% or greater. Tomato shoot fresh weight increased similarly in response to fermented fertilizer treatments at the same concentration levels, except those derived from fish. Fermented fish liquid fertilizer was only effective in increasing tomato shoot fresh weight in concentrations exceeding 1%. Red pepper and tomato shoot fresh weight also increased more than plant height in our studies using fermentation liquid fertilizers at 40 days after sowing. Red pepper fresh weight increased with application of bone + fish meal, red pepper leaf, and oil cake fertilizers at concentrations of 0.1%, but not with fish liquid fertilizer in concentrations under 0.5%. Shoot fresh weight in tomato increased with all liquid fertilizers. Growth in red pepper and tomato may be influenced by different kinds of fertilizers due to combinations of macro- and micro-nutrients, or specific macro-nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium. The mineral nutrients found in fish, bone and fish meal, red pepper leaves, and oil cake were not easily extracted by fermentation; thus, liquid fertilizers made using water and boiled water methods more effectively promoted growth in red pepper and tomato due to the larger amounts of macronutrients eluted.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.362-367
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to develop an efficient control method for water foxtail in the field sowing barley and wheat seeds before rice harvesting. When thifensulfuron-methyl (75%) was applied 0, 5 and 10 days after rice harvesting, little phytotoxicity was observed on both barley and wheat. Percent of water foxtail control with thifensulfuron-methyl (75%) was more than 88% at three different application timing. When butachlor (5%) was applied 5 days before barley and wheat sowing, phytotoxicity on barley and wheat was severe. However, no phytotoxicity was observed on barley and wheat 5 and 10 days after rice harvesting. Percent of water foxtail control with butachlor 0 and 5 days after rice harvesting was 85-89%. However, it dropped to 74-80% when applied 10 days after rice harvesting. In the thifensulfuron-methyl treatment, the dry matter of barley and wheat was 96-108% and 100-108%, respectively when compared with untreated control. While, in the butachlor treatment, the dry matter of barley and wheat was 53-73% and 106%, respectively when compared with untreated control. Therefore, we recommend thifensulfuron-methyl (75%) 0-10 days after rice harvesting or butachlor (5%) 5 days after rice harvesting to provide efficient water foxtail control and safe barley and wheat production.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.322-326
• /
• 2013

This study was tried to control the weedy rice using minimum tillage direct seeding of rice on dry paddy. Minimum tillage direct seeding on dry paddy is tilled with 4 cm in width at 27 cm intervals by 1-shaped rotary blade. Using this cultivation method can control weedy rice effectively by minimizing the soil disturbance. In this study, weedy rice was firstly emerged at April 28 in 2012. After 11 days emergence rate of weedy rice at May 9 was 61.9%. At this time rice was sown and then herbicides was treated at 10 and 15 days after sowing. When herbicides was treated at 10 days after sowing the control effect was 89-96%, and when treated at 15 days the control effect was 97-99%. However emergence of weedy rice differ according to the year and year. It was thought to be affected by April average temperature and total precipitation. So, for effective weedy rice control and stable rice yield, it was considered that irrigation at April 15-20 to induce the emergence of weedy rice is required.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.470-477
• /
• 2021

Amsonia ellipotica (Thumb.) Roem. & Schult. has less than 10 native places nationwide and is evaluated as an endangered species (EN) on the Korean Red List, so systematic breeding and cultivation methods are required. This study was carried out to establish an effective method for seedling production in A. elliopotica that can be developed as a genetic resource conservation and new ornamental material. This experiment was performed by varying the seedling production container (72, 105 and 128 cell trays), number of seeds sown in a cell (1, 2, and 4 per cell), soil type [horticultural soil and neutralized peat-moss: perlite mixed in 3:1, 4:1 (v:v)], additional fertilizer concentrations (0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L) and shading degrees (0, 55 and 75%). As a result of the study, growth increased with the increased in measuring capacity per cell of sowing container. According to number of seeding growth, sowing one seed per cell was the best. Seedling growth increased as the treatment concentrations increased, higher growth was in 1000 mg/L. On the other hand, during the shading treatment, growth significantly decreased regardless of shading degrees.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2022.10a
• /
• pp.95-95
• /
• 2022

Maize is one of the world's three largest crops and has a long cultivation history, and is an important crop used for various purposes such as food, feed, and industrial raw materials. Recently, the agricultural environment is changing, in which the limit of cultivation of crops is shifted to the north due to the rise in temperature due to climate change. This study was conducted in experimental field of Suwon in 2022 by setting a seeding period earlier than the sowing time to establish the North Korean agricultural climatic zone and meteorological conditions. The test cultivars were silage cultivars, Kwangpyeongok and Dacheongok. As a priming test method, it was used to directly plant seeds in the field through immersion using 4mM zinc (Zn) and 2.5mM manganese (Mn), which are trace elements for seeds. The planting season was early on March 15th, April 1st, and April 15th. The number of days from sowing to silk stage of the two cultivars sown on March 15, April 1, and April 15 was 107, 93, and 85 days for Kwangpyeongok and 109, 95, and 87 days for Dacheongok, respectively. The seed priming test did not show any difference from the control group in the growth survey up to the middle stage of growth. In another test, low-temperature recovery was confirmed through nitrogen (2-5%) foliar fertilization after 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days in refrigeration (0 degrees), a selective low temperature treatment for com in the third leaf stage. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that the low-temperature damaged com treated at 0℃ showed the same growth as that of the untreated com through nitrogen foliar fertilization. These results suggest that urea foliar fertilization for low-temperature damage reduction of corn for silage in high-latitude climates will be helpful. In addition, through the results of the study, additional studies are needed on the recovery mechanism and field application through urea foliar fertilization.