• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.508-519
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to quantitatively estimate $PM_{2.5}$ source contribution in Gyeongsan. Ambient $PM_{2.5}$ samples have been collected on zefluor, quartz and nylasorb filter by $PM_{2.5}$ samplers of cyclone method from September 2010 to December 2012. Collected samples were analyzed for determining 17 inorganic elements, 8 ions, and 8 carbon components after pretreatment. Based on these chemical information, the PMF model was applied to estimate the quantitative contribution of air pollution sources. The results of the PMF modeling showed that the sources were apportioned by biomass burning source (15.5%), secondary sulfate source (16.0%), industry source (10.4%), soil source (7.0%), gasoline source (9.1%), incinerator source (10.4%), diesel emission source (11.0%), and secondary nitrate source (20.6%), respectively. To analyze local source impacts from various wind directions, the CPF analysis were performed using source contribution results with the wind direction values measured at the site.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.27-43
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• 2017

The transient thermo-mechanical behavior of a simply-supported beam made of a functionally graded material (FGM) under the effect of a moving heat source is investigated. The FGM consists of a ceramic part (on the top), which is the hot side of the beam as the heat source motion takes place along this side, and a metal part (in the bottom), which is considered the cold side. Grading is in the transverse direction, with the properties being temperature-dependent. The main steps of the thermo-elastic modeling included deriving the partial differential equations for the temperatures and deflections in time and space, transforming them into ordinary differential equations using Laplace transformation, and finally using the inverse Laplace transformation to find the solutions. The effects of different parameters on the thermo-mechanical behavior of the beam are investigated, such as the convection coefficient and the heat source intensity and speed. The results show that temperatures, and hence the deflections and stresses increase with less heat convection from the beam surface, higher heat source intensity and low speeds.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.359-364
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• 2008

PM10 samples were collected from July 2007 to Oct. 2007 at Gwaebopdong(inland area) and Dongsamdong(coastal area), in Busan. This paper investigates the contribution of emission sources to PM10 mass in Busan. Source apportionment results derived from the chemical mass balance(CMB) method. A source profiles applied in this study is organized to minimize the collinearity among sources type via statistical method. Source profiles applied in this study utilized a measured value of fine particle directly sampled from metropolitan area such as Seoul and Incheon, After a CMB modeling, sulfate and nitrate related sources among those contributing to PM10 in Busan showed high contribution by 36.53% in Gwaebopdong and 42.02% in Dongsamdong.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2005

Laser keyhole welding is investigated using a three-dimensional Gaussian heat source, and the heat source parameters such as the keyhole depth, welding efficiency and power density distribution factor are determined in a systematic way. For partial penetration, the keyhole depth is same as the penetration and is predicted using the experimental data. The welding efficiency is calculated using the ray-tracing method and the power density distribution factor is determined from the bead shape. Full penetration is classified into the transition, normal and excessive modes depending on the degree of keyhole opening. Thermal analysis of the bead-on-plate welds is conducted using the Gaussian heat source, and the calculated weld geometries show reasonably good agreements with the experimental results.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 B
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• pp.703-705
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• 1999

In this paper, we introduce the direction of arrival(DOA) estimation of distributed signal based on the improved ESPRIT algorithm. Most research on the estimation of DOA has been performed based on the assumption that the signal sources are point sources. However, we consider a two-dimensional distributed signal source model using improved ESPRIT algorithm. In the distributed signal source model, a source is represented by two parameters, the azimuth angle and elevation angle. We address the estimation of the elevation and azimuth angles of distributed sources based on the parametric source modeling in the three-dimensional space with two uniform linear arrays. The array output vector is obtained by integrating a steering vector over all direction of arrival with the weighting of a distributed source density function. We also develop an efficient estimation procedures that can reduce the computational complexity. Some examples are shown to demonstrate explicity the estimation procedures under the distributed signal source model.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.774-780
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• 2016

In this paper noise source and transfer path of tactical vehicle are analyzed with partial coherence function and spectrum analysis. Engine, transmission, structure panel and aerodynamic are main source of cabin noise. To reduce cabin noise, identifying transfer path of sources and analyzing their contribution is important. With modeling of transfer path and partial coherence function, transfer path and principal noise source can be identified. Engine/transmission and structural resonance are principal source of low frequency noise and by adding stiffener and sound absorbing material, resonance of vibration and inflow air problem can be solved.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.573-582
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• 2006

게임은 텍스트, 그래픽, 애니메이션, 동화상, 음악 등 모든 미디어가 서로 연결되어 게임의 스토리에 맞게 진행된다. 또한 게이머의 판단에 의한 전략 전술은 그 게임의 결과를 다르게 만들어 낼 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 게임을 개발하는데 있어서 핵심 구성원들 즉 게임 기획자, 게임 프로그래머, 게임 그래픽 디자이너들의 역할을 언급하였다. <중략>또한 게임 캐릭터를 처음 개발하는 초보자나 중급자를 대상으로 보다 빠른 모델링을 할 수 있도록 150개 이내의 폴리곤을 사용하여 $5\sim8$등신의 RT캐릭터 포맷을 만들어 그것을 기반으로 다양한 모델링을 개발을 할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 그리고 그 SourceModel을 사용함에 있어서 3D Modeling 툴중 하나인 3D MAX 환경 안에 SourceModel이 포함된 Character Primitives 인터페이스를 제공함으로써 사용자가 게임 캐릭터 개발을 쉽고 빠르게 할 수 있도록 하였다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.34-46
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• 2008

Emissions inputs for use in air quality modeling of Korea were generated with the emissions inventory data from the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), maintained under the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) database. Source Classification Codes (SCC) in the Korea emissions inventory were adapted to use with the U.S. EPA's Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) by finding the best-matching SMOKE default SCCs for the chemical speciation and temporal allocation. A set of 19 surrogate spatial allocation factors for South Korea were developed utilizing the Multi-scale Integrated Modeling System (MIMS) Spatial Allocator and Korean GIS databases. The mobile and area source emissions data, after temporal allocation, show typical sinusoidal diurnal variations with high peaks during daytime, while point source emissions show weak diurnal variations. The model-ready emissions are speciated for the carbon bond version 4 (CB-4) chemical mechanism. Volatile organic carbon (VOC) emissions from painting related industries in area source category significantly contribute to TOL (Toluene) and XYL (Xylene) emissions. ETH (Ethylene) emissions are largely contributed from point industrial incineration facilities and various mobile sources. On the other hand, a large portion of OLE (Olefin) emissions are speciated from mobile sources in addition to those contributed by the polypropylene industry in point source. It was found that FORM (Formaldehyde) is mostly emitted from petroleum industry and heavy duty diesel vehicles. Chemical speciation of PM2.5 emissions shows that PEC (primary fine elemental carbon) and POA (primary fine organic aerosol) are the most abundant species from diesel and gasoline vehicles. To reduce uncertainties in processing the Korea emission inventory due to the mapping of Korean SCCs to those of U.S., it would be practical to develop and use domestic source profiles for the top 10 SCCs for area and point sources and top 5 SCCs for on-road mobile sources when VOC emissions from the sources are more than 90% of the total.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.349-354
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• 2019

최근 프로그래밍 교육이 중요해짐에 따라, 객체지향 프로그래밍에 있어 작성한 소스코드가 어떻게 객체지향 개념을 반영하고 있는지를 분석하는 것은 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 UML과 소스코드의 실시간 동기화를 제공하는 웹 기반 환경에서 객체지향 개념을 분석 및 학습하기 위해 Unified Modeling Language(UML) 클래스 다이어그램과 자바 소스코드를 상호 변환하는 Round-Trip Translator(RTT)를 제안한다. RTT는 기존 Round-Trip Engineering(RTE)기반 도구를 개선시켜 구현 하였으며 작성된 UML 혹은 소스코드가 어떻게 객체지향 개념을 반영하는 지에 대한 이해도를 높이기 위한 도구이다. 본 논문은 기존 RTE 기반 도구와 RTT의 효율성과 사용자의 편의성을 비교한 결과 UML과 소스코드 상호 변환을 통해 객체지향에 대한 이해도가 향상되었음을 보여준다. 우리는 또한 학생들이 기존 도구보다 더 효율적이고 편리한 사용자 인터페이스를 제공하는 RTT 사용에 만족한다는 사실을 알아냈다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of head scatter factor (S_c) by applying a developed multi-leaf collimator (MLC) scatter source model for an unflattened photon beam. Methods: Sets of S_c values were measured for various jaw-defined square and rectangular fields and MLC-defined square fields for developing dual-source model (DSM) and MLC scatter model. A 6 MV unflattened photon beam has been used. Measurements were performed using a 0.125 cm³ cylindrical ionization chamber and a mini phantom. Then, the parameters of both models have been optimized, and S_c has been calculated. The DSM and MLC scatter models have been verified by comparing the calculated values to the three S_c set measurement values of the jaw-defined field and the two S_c set measurement values of MLC-defined fields used in the existing modeling, respectively. Results: For jaw-defined fields, the calculated S_c using the DSM was consistent with the measured S_c value. This demonstrates that the DSM was properly optimized and modeled for the measured values. For the MLC-defined fields, the accuracy between the calculated and measured S_c values with the addition of the MLC scatter source appeared to be high, but the only use of the DSM resulted in a significantly bigger differences. Conclusions: Both the DSM and MLC models could also be applied to an unflattened beam. When considering scattered radiation from the MLC by adding an MLC scatter source model, it showed a higher degree of agreement with the actual measured S_c value than when using only DSM in the same way as in previous studies.