• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 1998

The object of this study was to investigate the relationship between stress and the extent of coronary artery stenosis in 101 patients with coronary artery diseases. Global assessment of recent stress(GARS) scale and perceived stress response inventory were used to measure perception for stressors and stress responses. Biological variables such as the extent of coronary artery stenosis, the number of the affected lesions on coronary angiography, serum Low Density Lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol, and total cholesterol were measured in all the subjects. Scores of perceived stress related to changes in relationship and overall global scores on GARS scale had significantly positive correlation with the extent of coronary artery stenosis. On the other hand, scores of percieved stress related to changes in relationship and changes or no changes in routine had significantly positive correlation with the number of the lesions. Scores of perceived stress related to change or no change in routine also positively correlated with serum level of LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol. In contrast, general somatic symptoms negatively correlated with the extent of coronary artery stenosis. Impulsive-aggressive behavior negatively correlated with the number of the lesions. However, impulsive-aggressive thinking positively correlated with LDL-cholesterol. The above results suggest that perception for stressors may negatively affect the extent of coronary artery stenosis, the number of the lesions, serum LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol. However, some stress responses showed inconsistent effect on the above biological variables. Thus, strategies designed to modify perception for stressors and some stress responses are likely to help the patients minimize the extent of coronary artery stenosis and prevent the diseases.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.107-126
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• 1996

The Purpose of this study was to build a substantive theory about the experience of postpartum depression. The qualitative research method used was rounded theory. The interviewees were eight others who had experienced postpartum depression. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with audiotape recording done by the investigator over a period of twelve months. he data were analyzed simultaneously by a constant comparative method in which new data were continuously coded into categories and properties according to Strauss and Corbin's methodology. Analysis the grounded data resulted in 28 concepts being identified. Eight categories emerged from the analysis. The categories were regret, loss of freedom, isolation of oneself, heartache, loss, emotional upset, avoidance, recovery. These substantive categories are consistent with precious research results. Causal conditions included : regret, loss of freedom. Phenomena : heartache, loss, emotional upset. Context : isolation oneself. Intervention condition : avoidance. Action/interaction strategies : desire for recovery. Consequences : recovery. These categories were synthesized into the core concept-The process of filling the empty loss of self. The process of the experienced postpartum depression was ① change after delivery, ② searching for a reason for depression, ③ effort to recover from postpartum depression, ④ recovery from postpartum depression and return to previous life. The process of recovery from postpartum depression was proceeded by ① support from others, especially husband, ② resolution of stressful life events, ③ reconstructing of life goals and resolution strategies, ④ acceptance of depression and seeking psychiatric treatment. Seven hypotheses were derived from the analysis. ① Mothers who experienced stressful life event and economic problem are more depressive. ② Mothers who have conflict with parents are more depressive. ③ The more somatic symptoms, the more depression. ④ Social support facilitates recovery from postpartum depression. ⑤ Mothers who have lower self-esteem are more depressive. ⑥ Mother's role overload disturbs recovery from postpartum depression. ⑦ Ideal maternal identity facilitates recovery from postpartum depression. Through this substantive theory, nurses can understand the importance of postpartum depression management.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.24 no.spc1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2013

Objectives : The Hwabyung Research Center of The Korean Society Of Oriental Neuropsychiatry has attempted to develop the 'Clinical Guidelines for Hwabyung'. Methods : The Hwabyung Research Center constructed a committee of experts and advisory group. Relevant literature was collected and evaluated in order to find out effective Pharmacotherapy (Herbal medicine), acupuncture and moxibustion, and cupping of Hwabyung. Results : We found some evidences that proved the effectiveness of Pharmacotherapy (Herbal medicine), acupuncture and moxibustion, and cupping in the treatment of Hwabyung. 1) We recommend Pharmacotherapy (Herbal medicine), acupuncture and moxibustion, cupping, psychotherapy and management, other therapeutic approaches and education for Hwabyung. 2) Pharmacotherapy (Herbal medicine) should be determined according to the pattern identification of Korean medicine. Further, the prescription should be cost-effective, safe and have no side effects. Also, the interaction between Herbal and Western drugs should be considered carefully. 3) There are general acupuncture, scalp acupuncture, Pharmacopuncture, Sa-am acupuncture as well as acupuncture treatments for Hwabyung. 4) Moxibustion and cupping are useful, relieving various somatic symptoms of Hwabyung. Conclusions : Pharmacotherapy (Herbal medicine), Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Cupping for Hwabyung were studied. We hope that the 'Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of Hwabyung' are helpful for oriental medical doctors and patients.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.6 s.73
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• pp.1028-1033
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• 2005

Estrogen deficiency in peri-and postmenopausal women results in variety of neurovegetative, psychic and somatic symptoms, and may contribute to severe diseases within the aged female population. Capsosiphon fulvecense (CF), green algae, loaded with large amount of proteins, calcium and ion. This seaweed is distributed in the Southern coast in Korea and widely throughout the world. Our objective was to investigate the effects of Capsosiphon fulvecense (CF) extract on serum lipid concentration and platelet aggregation in ovariectomized rats. Three groups were surgically ovariectomized (OVX). The fourth group was sham operated. Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups : sham-operated rats (Sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-Control), ovariectomized rats supplemented with CF at 50mg/kg bw/d (OVX-CF5O) and ovariectomized rats supplemented with CF at 200mg/kg bw/d (OVX-CF200). The serum triglyceride level was significantly decreased after supplemented with the CF extracts. The serum HDL-cholesterol level in the OVX-CF group was significantly higher than the level in the OVX-control group. The ability of platelet aggregation treated with CF extract (CF group) was $7\%$ less than OVX-control group. Taken these together, CF extract may be used to improve the quality of life in menopausal women.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.67-72
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• 2022

Objectives: This study investigated the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Depression and the Irritability for parents of children aged 6-17 years. Methods: Participants were 190 children diagnosed with depressive disorder (n=14), anxiety disorder (n=21), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n=111), ADHD with anxious depression (n=13), and tic disorder with somatic symptoms (n=31). Patients were 8-15 years of age. The participants' mothers completed the Korean versions of the DSM-5 Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-PROMIS Depression and Irritability (Affective Reactivity Index, ARI), and the Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL). Using these data, we calculated the reliability coefficient and examined the concurrent and discriminant validity of the PROMIS Depression and the Irritability (ARI) scales for assessing depression and irritability in children. Results: The reliability coefficient of the PROMIS Depression scale (Cronbach's α) was 0.93. The correlation coefficient with the K-CBCL DSM emotional problem score was 0.71. The PROMIS Depression scale significantly discriminated children with depressive disorders from those with other conditions. The reliability coefficient of the Irritability (ARI) scale was 0.91, suggesting its high reliability. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the Korean version of the DSM-5 Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure for Depression and Irritability Scales for parents of children aged 6-17 years is reliable and valid and may be an efficient alternative to the K-CBCL.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2023

Modern industrial society demands socially-prescribed perfectionism from office workers and causes self-discrepancy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to propose a counseling strategy that integrates the divided self based on Fairbairn's psychological structure and reduces self-discrepancy by changing interpersonal relation patterns. 14 sessions were conducted once a week from March 2022 to July 2022. T-test was used as a research method to compare the level of self discrepancy by conducting the Self Questionnaire before and after. During the initial stage, the client was in conflict with his boss and showed anger, depression, somatic symptoms such as gastrointestinal disorder, strict judgement on himself and others, and high self-discrepancy. This research showed that the client's libidinal ego and anti-libidinal ego were de-repressed and integrated into his central ego, and his self-discrepancy level was decreased, which was confirmed through the pre-post test. This research, as a case study applying Fairbairn's psychological structure, has a meaning that it confirmed a change in the interpersonal relation patterns of a socially-prescribed perfectionistic client.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.381-400
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• 2019

This study investigated how abuse and neglect experience by parents affect self-respect, relationship with teachers and variance of emotional problem. Also we verified whether self-respect and relationship with teachers mediates relation between abuse and neglect experience and variance of emotional problem. The results of this study are as follows. First, adolescents who experienced abuse and neglect appear to have emotional problems such as depression, social withdrawal, and somatic symptoms. Furthermore, youth who have abuse and neglect experience have difficulties in self-respect and relation with teachers. Second, self-respect and relationship with teachers have significant indirect effect on relation between abuse and neglect experience and variance of emotional problem. Third, although relation between abuse and neglect experience and relationship with teachers represent positive correlation, the regression coefficients in the direct path are significant in the opposite direction, resulting in a suppression effect. Finally, implications for interventions, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research were discussed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2024

This study was conducted to explore the efficacy of bee venom as a treatment for mastitis and to determine the optimal dosage and treatment period. When 6 mg or 12 mg of bee venom was administered to each experimental quarter of mastitis in dairy cow, the clinical symptoms in the 12 mg quarter were noticeably improved compared to those in the 6 mg quarter. There was no significant difference in the somatic cell count (SCC) in the milk between normal and mastitis quarters between the 6 and 12 mg doses, but there was a steady decrease in the 12 mg-treated quarter (p = 0.34). To determine the treatment period, bee venom was administered for 2, 4, and 7 days. After administering 12 mg of bee venom for 7 days, the SCC in the milk was compared before 6 days and after 7 days, and the SCC was significantly decreased to less than 100,000 SC/mL after 7 days (p = 0.01). In addition, to investigate the efficacy of bee venom, the minimum inhibitory concentration for S. aureus, E. coli, and coagulase negative staphylococci was measured, and the results showed that Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to bee venom than Gram-negative bacteria, and treatment for Gram-negative bacteria was limited. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that a dose of 12 mg of bee venom and a treatment period of more than 7 days were required to treat mastitis, and that treatment with bee venom alone against Gram-negative bacteria was negative.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.176-184
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• 1997

Abnormal illness behavior in patients with somatoform disorders were known formed by their traditional disease concepts and somatization-prone socio-cultural factors. The authors evaluated the characteristics of abnormal illness behavior in patients with somatoform disorders(who had somatization) by using abnormal illness behavior questionnaire. Methods : 29 somatoform disorders(SD) and 57 disease controls were compared by clinical characteristics, severity of pain, state anxiety(by Spielberger's State & Trait Anxiety Inventory), depression(by Beck's Depression Inventory) and level of psychosocial stess(by DSM-III-R). The illness behavior was measured by illness Behavior Questionnaire(IBQ). Results SD group had longer period of somatic symptoms with less severity in pain. The degree of anxiety and depression were higher in SB compared with controls. However, the degree of psychosocial stress was almost same between both groups. In IBQ, SD showed higher scores in general hypochondriasis, disease conviction, and affective disturbance subscales compared to control group. Conclusion: High disease conviction and hypochondriacal nature revealed by IBQ seemed to be a role in making somatization by way of somatic focusing and hypervigilance. And those tended to lead patients visit hospital frequently and report various somatic complaints. Evaluating abnormal illness behavior in somatoform disorders would be not only helpful in understanding the natures of somatoform disorders but also useful differentiating SD with other psychiatric conditions.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2019

Purpose: Isolated methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of propionate metabolism. There are two subtypes of MMUT gene defects. $Mut^0$ represents complete loss of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM) activity while mut- is associated with residual MCM activity, which can be stimulated by hydroxocobalamin (OHCbl) supplementation. The objective of this study is to investigate cobalamin responsiveness and mutations present in Korean MMA population. Methods: We evaluated 10 MMA patients using somatic cell complementation analysis on their fibroblasts to measure MCM activity and vitamin B12 responsiveness for the optimal treatment. MMUT gene was sequenced to identify the MMA mutations. Results: For all patients, the incorporation of $[^{14}C]-propionate$ was low, and there was no response to OHCbl. The incorporation of $[^{14}C]-methyltetrahydrofolate$ and $[^{57}Co]-CNCbl$ fell within the normal range. There was adequate synthesis of methylcobalamin while the synthesis of adenosylcobalamin was low. The complementation analysis showed all patients were $mut^0$. The sequence analysis identified 12 different MMUT mutations, including 2 novel mutations, p.Gln267Ter and p.Ile697Phe, were identified. All the patients in this study had neonatal onset of symptoms, belonged to $mut^0$ complementation class, and as a result, showed no cobalamin responsiveness. Conclusion: No Korean MMA patient showed cobalamin responsiveness.