• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2022

Haploidization in somatic cells is the process of reducing the diploid somatic chromosomes to haploid. Several studies have attempted somatic haploidization using oocytes in mice and humans. Some researchers showed partial somatic haploidization, but none observed embryo development. Our study attempted somatic haploidization using the modified somatic nuclear transfer (SCNT) protocol with various combinations of chemicals or proteins in mice. This study induced the proper segregation of somatic homologous chromosomes and full embryo development in vitro. Furthermore, somatic haploid embryos established embryonic stem cells and produced live births. The current review summarizes this recent study on the success of somatic haploidization and provides an overview of other related studies on somatic haploidization.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2009

본 연구에서 한국산 갈퀴덩굴속(Galium) 14 분류군의 체세포염색체수를 밝혔다. 본 속의 체세포염색체수는 2n = 22, 24, 44, 48, 66, 72, 77, 88로 나타났으며, 기본염색체수는 x = 11, 12로 확인되었다. x = 11의 기본염색체수를 갖는 분류군들은 2배체, 4배체, 7배체, 8배체의 다양한 배수체로 나타났으며, x = 12의 기본염색체수를 갖는 분류군에서도 4배체, 6배체가 확인되었다. 갈퀴덩굴(G. spurium var. echinospermon (Wallr.) Hayek, 2n = 44)을 비롯하여 좀네잎갈퀴(G. gracilens (A. Gray) Makino, 2n = 22), 산갈퀴(G. pogonanthum Franch. & Sav., 2n = 22, 44), 네잎갈퀴(G. trachyspermum A. Gray, 2n = 22, 44), 검은개선갈퀴(G. japonicum (Maxim.)Makino & Nakai, 2n = 77), 개선갈퀴(G. trifloriforme Kom., 2n = 44), 큰잎갈퀴(G. dahuricum Turcz. var. dahuricum, 2n = 48, 72), 흰갈퀴(G. dahuricum var. tokyoense (Makino) Cufod., 2n = 22), 민둥갈퀴(G. kinuta Nakai & Hara, 2n = 66), 흰솔나물(G. verum var. trachycarpum for. nikkoense (Nakai) Ohwi, 2n = 44), 애기솔나물(G. verum var. asiaticum for. pusillum (Nakai) M. Park, 2n = 44) 등 11분류군의 염색체수가 본 연구를 통해 새로이 밝혀졌다. 긴잎갈퀴(G. boreale L., 2n = 22)와 솔나물(G. verum var. asiaticum Nakai for. asiaticum, 2n = 44)의 염색체수는 기존의 연구결과와 동일하였고, 가는네잎갈퀴(G. trifidum L., 2n = 22)의 염색체수는 이전의 연구 결과와 달랐다. 큰잎갈퀴와 흰갈퀴는 Sect. Leptogalium의 같은 종(G. dahuricum)에 속하지만 기본염색체수는 각각 x = 12, x = 11로차이가 났다. 체세포염색체수에서도 큰잎갈퀴는 2n = 48(4배체) 또는 2n = 72(6배체)인 반면, 흰갈퀴는 2n = 22(2배체)로 확인되어 뚜렷하게 구별되었다. 본 연구 결과 체세포염색체수는 갈퀴덩굴속의 절간 유연관계를 파악하고 분류군의 한계를 논의하는데 유용한 형질로 파악되었다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.153-156
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• 2010

한국산 솜다리속 4종에 대한 염색체수를 조사하였다. 산솜다리(L. leiolepis)의 염색체수는 설악산에서 채집된 개체에서 2n = 24로 처음으로 보고되었다. 왜솜다리(L. japonicum) 염색체수는 국내 3지역에서 조사된 개체에서 모두 2n = 28로 동일하였다. 하지만 기존 보고된 한국(2n=26)과 일본산(2n=21, 26)과는 차이를 보였다. 같은 sect. Nobilia에 속하며 형태적으로 유사한 왜솜다리와 한라솜다리(L. hallaisanense)는 염색체수가 2n = 28로 동일하였다. 한국산 들떡쑥(L. leontopodioides)의 염색체수(2n = 24)는 기존 러시아산에서 보고된 것(2n = 26)과 차이를 보였다. 한국산 솜다리속 종들의 염색체는 모두 4배체이거나 이수체로 생각된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.47-49
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• 1991

In an attempt to analyse the variation of chromosome numbers in Cododopsis lanceolate, 28 species of Deo-Deong have been examined for determination of chromosomenumbers. Tlle somatic chromosone numbers were counted to be 2n=16 of C. lanceolata.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.590-594
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• 2008

brc-2, an ortholog of BRCA2 in Caenorhabditis elegans, is essential in the maintenance of genetic integrity. In C. elegans, cellular location correlates with meiotic progression, and transgene-induced cosuppression is observed in the germ line but not in somatic cells. We used these unique features to dissect the role of brc-2 in the germ line from that in somatic cells. In situ hybridization of wild type animals revealed that brc-2 gene expression was higher in oocytes than in other germline cells, and was barely detectable in mitotic cells. In contrast, germ cells containing multicopies of the brc-2 transgene showed no significant in situ hybridization signal at any oogenesis stage, confirming that brc-2 expression was functionally cosuppressed in the transgenic germ line. RAD-51 foci formation in response to DNA damage was abrogated in brc-2-cosuppressed germ cells, whereas wild-type germ cells showed strong RAD-51 foci formation. These germ cells exhibited massive chromosome fragmentation and decompaction instead of six bivalent chromosomes in diakinesis. Accordingly, lethality was observed after the early stage of germline development. These results suggest that brc-2 plays essential roles in chromosome integrity in early prophase, and therefore is crucial in meiotic progression and embryonic survival.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2002년도 국제심포지엄
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• pp.73-73
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• 2002

Nuclear transfer (NT) techniques have advanced in the last years, and cloned animals have been produced by using somatic cells in several species including pig. However, it is difficult that the nuclear transfer porcine embryos development to blastocyst stage overcoming the cell block in vitro. Abnormal segregation of chromosomes in nuclear transferred embryos on genome activation stage bring about embryo degeneration, abnormal blastocyst, delayed and low embryo development. Thus, we are evaluated that the correlations of the frequency of embryo developmental rates and chromosome aberration in NT and In viかo fertilization (IVF) derived embryo. We are used for ear-skin-fibroblast cell in NT. If only karyotyping of embryonic cells are chromosomally abnormal, they may difficultly remain undetected. Then, we evaluate the chromosome aberrations, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with porcine chromosome 1 submetacentric specific DNA probe were excuted. In normal diploid cell nucleus, two hybridization signal was detected. In contrast, abnormal cell figured one or three over signals. The developmental rates of NT and IVF embryos were 55% vs 63%, 32% vs 33% and 13% vs 17% in 2 cell, 8 cell and blastocyst, respectively. When looking at the types of chromosome aberration, the detection of aneuploidy at Day 3 on the embryo culture. The percentage of chromosome aneuploidy of NT and IVF at 4-cell stage 40.0%, 31.3%, respectively. This result indicate that chromosomal abnormalities are associated with low developmental rate in porcine NT embryo. It is also suggest that abnormal porcine embryos produced by NT associated with lower implantation rate, increase abortion rate and production of abnormal fetuses.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.53-54
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• 2001

The chromosome number of Morus bombycis Koidz. and Morus monogolica C.K.Schn. growing wild in the Korea Peninsula is diploid (2n=28) and that of Morus tiliaefolia Makino is hecxaploid (2n=84). The somatic cell division of each species is nomal.

• 한국동물학회:뉴스레터
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.130.2-130
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• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1995년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.306.2-306
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• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.18-18
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• 2001

Despite of importance of integrated events of nucleus and microtubule remodeling in nuclear transferred embryos with somatic cells, little information is available on this subject. In this study we configured chromatin and microtubule organization following somatic cell nuclear transfer in pre- and non-activated bovine oocytes in order to clearify nuclear remodeling process and to demonstrate centrosome inheritance during nuclear transfer. The cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected from slaughterhouse and were matured in vitro for 20 h in TCM 199 supplemented hormone. Matured bovine oocytes were enucleated by aspirating the frist polar body and metaphase chromatin using a beveled pipette. Bovine fibroblast cells were fused into enucleated oocyte by electrical stimulation. Reconstructed oocytes were activated with ionomycine and 6-dimethylaminopurin, and then cultured in CRlaa medium. The organization of nuclear and microtubules were observed using laser-scanning confocal microscopy. At 1 hour after fusion, microtubule aster was seen near the transferred nucleus in most oocytes regardless activation condition. While most of fibroblast nuclei remodeled to premature chromosome condensation (PCC) and to the two masses of chromosome in non-activated oocytes, a few number of fibloblasts went to PCC and multiple pronuclear like structures in activated oocytes. Microtubular spindle was seen around condensed chromosome. Gamma-tubulin was detected in the vicinity of condensed chromosome, suggesting this is a transient spindle. The spindle seperated nucleus into two masses of chromatin which developed to the pronuclear like structures. Two pronuclear like structures were than apposed by microtubular aster and formed one syngamy like nuclear structure at 15 h following nuclear transfer. At 17 to 18 h after fusion, two centrosomes were seen near the nucleus, which nucleates micrtubules for two cell cleavage. While 31% of reconstructed oocytes in non-activated condition developed to morulae and blastocysts, a few reconstructed oocytes in pre-activated condition developed to the blastocyst. These results suggested introduction of foreign centrosome during nuclear transfer, which appeared to give an important role for somatic cell nuclear reprogramming.