• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.78-83
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• 2009

17 kinds of fire resistant paint which are currently used were painted on the MDF, to find flame resistance performance and smoking characteristics according to principal ingredient and characteristics of fire resistant paint. 45 degree combustion test and smoke density test were conducted to investigate the flame resistance performance and smoking characteristics. According to the 45 degree combustion test, acrylic resin type fire resistant paint showed the most excellent fire resistance performance. And the water soluble fire resistant paint showed better fire resistance performance compare to the solvent soluble paints. Also gloss paint showed better fire resistance performance than the flat paint. Based on the smoke density test, the smoke generation of fire resistant treated specimen of acrylic resin type was least. And the water soluble fire resistant paint generate little smoke than solvent soluble fire resistant paint.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.34-39
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• 2003

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.199-211
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• 2004

The drying speed of gravure ink are very fast because of evaporation drying type. The gravure ink are fitly selected variety resin and solvent for a wide range printing are adopted. Moreover, after-manufacture handling is necessary to various purposes. Though composition of gravure ink are same those of another printing ink, the viscosity of it are vary low compare with another printing inks. As property of variety printed matters, improvement of performance of printing layer and suitable after-manufacture handling, the more research of gravure ink are to be continue for development of printing technology. Generally, the gravure ink are made up resin, pigment, solvent and additive. Especially solvent are fitly selected for solution of resin, viscosity, and drying speed. Furthermore, it tis care of bad smell of remaining resin, poison and danger of fire of it. Because of the prevention of air pollution as restriction deflation of solvent, custody of dangerous object and improvement of work environment as labor safety hygiene and fire-low, the environment restriction of printing business become strict. This study has purpose of development of gravure ink of involved 30% below of alcohol is used for PVC film printing.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2013

This study analyzes the explosion hazard of dry cleaning solvent recovery machine in laundry shop in two aspects, i.e. combustible and ignition source, and determines the explosive conditions of this machine by conducting mockup explosion tests repeatedly, varying conditions and using real dry cleaning solvent recovery machines. As to combustibles, two kinds of combustibles used widely in Korea have been selected and tested. The flash points, LEL's, and saturation vapor pressures of those combustibles have been measured, and their explosion specific curves have been drawn, based on the results of the measurements, so that the explosion risks of those materials may be determined, depending on the temperatures. Potential voltages generated from materials for laundry and foreign materials of metals have been assumed to be the ignition sources in this application, and their potential voltages have been measured, depending on temperature, humidity, and antistatic agent, by using real materials for laundry and a potential voltage measuring device. Tests have been conducted, varying the quantities, concentrations, and operating temperatures of materials for laundry. As a result, explosions have not been generated with potential voltages of materials for laundry, but explosions have been observed when applying artificial spark energy of 2.0 mJ.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Currently, flammable liquids account for more than 87 wt% of the hazardous materials in circulation in Korea, and paint products are the most commonly used mixed hazardous materials. Therefore, one of the most urgent and important issues is that we have to secure the safety for manufacturing, storage and transport of paint products. In this study we investigated and analyzed the domestic hazardous materials safety management method, the international GHS test method and so forth. We tested risks for a variety of oil paints and found a relation between the results. Furthermore, the risk test method and criteria adapted for domestic situation was presented. Paints were classified as hazardous or non-hazardous according to the results of the flash point test, the amount of flammable liquid or the UN-combustion persistence test. It was revealed from the test results of 6 kind of oil-based paints using different resins that they were hazardous materials with very high risks and belonged to the Category 1 or the Category 2.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.44-49
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• 2014

The autoignition temperaturs (AIT) of solvent mixture is important index for the safe handling of flammable liquids which constitute the solvent mixtures. This study measured the AIT and ignition delay time for Propionic acid and 3-Hexanone system by using ASTM E659 apparatus. The AITs of Propionic acid and 3-Hexanone which constituted binary system were $511^{\circ}C$ and $425^{\circ}C$, respectively. The experimental AIT of Propionic acid and 3-Hexanone system were a good agreement with the calculated AIT by the proposed equations with a few average absolute deviation (A.A.D.). And Propionic acid and 3-Hexanone system was shown the minimum autoignition temperature behavior (MAITB).

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2016

The composites of EVA/EPDM including aluminum trioxide (ATH) as a fire retardant were manufactured for the purpose of improving low temperature property and flame resistance in the rubbery materials. The ratio of EVA to EPDM didn't affect the flame resistance of the rubber composites. The addition of ATH resulted in increase of the flame resistance. In the evaluation of the cold resistance, the increasing EPDM content showed enhancement of cold resistance in the composites due to increasing low Tg EPDM. It was found out that tensile strengths of the composites showed a maximum value at 100 phr of ATH by reinforcing effect, but a minimum value at 200 phr of ATH owing to slippage between the flame retardant by the external stress. In the measurement of solvent resistance in tetrahydrofuran, the increasing ATH content yielded enhancement of solvent resistance by reducing swelling of the composite, and increasing EPDM content also resulted from increase of the solvent resistance by reduction of polarizability as well as increase of crosslink in the composites.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2005

Competitive solvent extraction of alkaline earth metal cations from water into organic solvent containing the carboxylic acid crown ether and analogous crown ether phosphonic acid monoethyl esters were investigated. sym-(n-Decyldibenzo)-16-crown-5xyacetic acid $\underline{1}$ and monoethyl sym-(n-decyldibenzo)-16-crown-5-oxymethylphosphonic acid $\underline{3}$ are structurally identical except for the ionizable groups. Both of them provide similar extraction behavior in terms of efficiency and selectivity, but monoethyl sym-(n-decyldibenzo)-16-crown-5-oxymethylphosphonic acid $\underline{3}$ showed higher alkaline earth metals loadings at acidic or neutral media. Monoethylsym-(n-octyldibenzo)-16-rown-5-oxymethylphosphonic acid $\underline{2}$ showed better selectivity and alkaline earth metals loading than did the analogous sym-(n-octyldibenzo)-16-crown-5-oxymethyldiphosphonic acid $\underline{6}$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.50-55
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• 2023

Lithium-ion secondary batteries are currently in high demand and supply. The purpose of this study is to secure the safety of the process by studying the combustion characteristics of EC(Ethylene Carbonate), Which is mainly used as an electrolyte organic solvent for lithium ion batteries. The flash points of the EC by using Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers were experimented at 141 ℃ and 143 ℃, respectively. The flash points of the EC by Tag and Cleveland open cup testers were experimented at 152 ℃ and 156 ℃, respectively. The AIT(Auto Ignition Temperature) of the EC was experimented at 420 ℃. The LEL(Lower Explosive Limit) calculated by using lower flash point of Setaflash was calculated at 3.6 Vol.%.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.9-15
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• 2019

The flash points of DMF based organic solvent mixtures used in the synthetic leather manufacturing process were measured. The test group was composed of seven types of solvent mixtures, which included DMF, toluene, and MEK. Each flash point was tested according to the international standard test methods of KS M 2010. The flash points were then predicted using some prediction models and compared with the measured data. From the analysis results, the binary mixtures with a mole ratio of less than approximately 0.7 showed that the measured values were under 25 ℃. This showed that the expectation for the flammable risk lowering effects due to the mixing of high flash point materials was reduced. In addition, the predicted values were evaluated using the average absolute deviation (A.A.D). The results showed that the Le Chatelier's models had an "A.A.D" of 1.95 ℃ and were the closest to the measured values.