• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.580-587
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• 2010

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary water-soluble carbohydrate extract from Renga renga lily (Arthropodium cirratum) and a commercial product, $Frutafit^{{\circledR}}$ (both fructans) on the performance, organ weights, ileal digestibility and gut morphology of male Cobb broiler chickens. There were six treatment groups: a negative control with no supplements, a positive control supplemented with 45 ppm Zn-bacitracin, and four test diets each supplemented with Renga renga lily extract or Frutafit at 5 or 10 g/kg diet. Supplementation with low levels of Renga renga lily extract and Frutafit in the diet did not affect productive parameters, whereas the inclusion of a high level of Frutafit had a negative effect on BWG and FI compared with birds fed the negative control diet. The addition of an antibiotic to the diet significantly improved (p<0.05) the BWG and FCR of broilers. Apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter, starch, protein and fat was not affected (p>0.05) by supplementation with both levels of lily extract and the low level of Frutafit. The apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter, protein and fat was decreased (p<0.05) by the high level of Frutafit. The apparent metabolisable energy (AME) of the diets fed the high level of Frutafit was approximately 0.2 MJ/kg DM lower than that of the negative control group. The addition of Zn-bacitracin increased (p<0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility of fat. The relative weight of the liver was higher (p<0.05) in broilers supplemented with the high level of Frutafit than for negative control birds at 14 and 35 d of age. Feeding Renga renga lily extract or Frutafit had no effect on the gut morphology of birds on d 14 and 35. It can be concluded that dietary inclusion of fructans from the two sources used in this study affected broiler performance differently and in a dose-dependent manner.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2016

Objectives : In order to confirm whether extracts of different parts of Zostera marina (ZM), a marine flowering plant, can be used as cosmetic ingredients, this study evaluated their cytotoxicity and cytoprotective effects against ultraviolet B (UVB). Inflammatory responses induced by UV stimuli are also associated with the aging of the skin.Methods : We investigated the effects of ZM extracts on cells through the water soluble tetrazolium salt-1(WST-1) assay for cell viability. In order to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects, we evaluated the suppression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by ZM extracts in HaCaT cells with UVB-induced damages, and also evaluated the production of Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) in RAW 264.7 cells with LPS-induced damages.Results : High cell viabilities above 90% were observed in all types of ZM extracts, except for whole ZM extract at 0.5 mg/ml; in keratinocytes with UVB-induced damages, the cell viabilities were above 80% when treated with all types of ZM extracts. We confirmed their anti-inflammatory effects by investigating the suppression of inflammatory mediators. In keratinocytes with UVB-induced damages, COX-2 expression decreased in the experimental group treated with ZM extract. Similarly, in RAW 264.7 cells where inflammation was induced with LPS, the biosynthesis of PGE₂ was inhibited.Conclusion : These results suggest that ethanol extracts from Zostera marina may have value as the potential anti-inflammatory medicinal plant. Also based on the abovementioned results, ZM extract protects skin cells from UV-induced damages, and thus can be used in topically applied products for skin protection.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 1993

Contamination of heavy metals in water and sediments along Mantyeong (river) has reached up to critical level, The object of the study is to dlucidate some macroinvertebrates which inhabit along the river in respect to the modulatory role in reducing the pollution. For the purpose, Scapharca subcrenata(sea shell) which is common in numbers and biomass in the area was collected, and cadmium (Cd) was subjected as a reference metal in the experiment. The seashell was dried and autoclaved, followed by pellet preparation under various concentration of Cd: 50,100,250,500 and 1,500 ug /pellet. Mice were fed for 3 months, althrough last group(5 mice), 1,500 ug/pellet, died within 4 weeksof the administration.MT-Cd in liver and kidney increased in correlation with the amont of Cd concentration in pellet, especially in kidney than in liver. Liver and kidney of the mice showed pathological changes such as cellular infiltration and focal necrosis in liver, and peri-tubular cell infiltration or tubular necrosis etc. The changes were more intensive by amount of the Cd. Overall results in the present study suggest that Cd may eventually combine with soluble-protein forming metalloprotein, then reduce the toxicity of heavy metal, How the formed Mt-Cd is discharged from the kidney and the mechanism shall be the further subject to be clarified.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.290-298
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• 2013

This study examined the effects of calcium (Ca) gluconate on collagen-induced DBA mouse rheumatoid arthritis (CIA). A single daily dose of 200, 100 or 50 mg/kg Ca gluconate was administered orally to male DBA/1J mice for 40 days after initial collagen immunization. To ascertain the effects administering the collagen booster, CIA-related features (including body weight, poly-arthritis, knee and paw thickness, and paw weight increase) were measured from histopathological changes in the spleen, left popliteal lymph node, third digit and the knee joint regions. CIA-related bone and cartilage damage improved significantly in the Ca gluconate-administered CIA mice. Additionally, myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in the paw were reduced in Ca gluconate-treated CIA mice compared to CIA control groups. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of oxidative stress, decreased in a dose-dependent manner in the Ca gluconate group. Finally, the production of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$, involved in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis, were suppressed by treatment with Ca gluconate. Taken together, these results suggest that Ca gluconate is a promising candidate anti-rheumatoid arthritis agent, exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and immunomodulatory effects in CIA mice.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.428-435
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• 2006

Specific interaction of the epsin N-terminal homology(ENTH) domain with the plasma membrane appears to bridge other related proteins to the specific regions of the membrane that are invaginated to form endocytic vesicles. An additional $\alpha$-helix, referred to as helix 0 (H0), is formed in the presence of the soluble ligand inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate [$Ins(1,4,5)P_3$] at the N terminus of the ENTH domain (amino acid residues 3-15). The ENTH domain alone and full-length epsin cause tubulation of liposomes made of brain lipids. Thus, it is believed that H0 is membrane-inserted when it is coordinated with the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [$PtdIns(4,5)P_2$], resulting in membrane deformation as well as recruitment of accessory factors to the membrane. However, formation of H0 in a real biological membrane has not been demonstrated. In the present study, the membrane structure of H0 was determined by measurement of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) nitroxide accessibility. H0 was located at the phosphate head-group region of the membrane. Moreover, EPR line-shape analysis indicated that no pre-formed H0-like structure were present on normal acidic membranes. $PtdIns(4,5)P_2$ was necessary and sufficient for interaction of the H0 region with the membrane. H0 was stable only in the membrane. In conclusion, the H0 region of the ENTH domain has an intrinsic ability to form H0 in a $PtdIns(4,5)P_2$-containing membrane, perhaps functioning as a sensor of membrane patches enriched with $PtdIns(4,5)P_2$ that will initiate curvature to form endocytic vesicles.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 탈지참깨박의 기능성을 검토하기 위하여 탈지참깨박으로부터 페놀산을 추출하여 이들 추출물의 항산화 효과를 합성항산화제인 BHA, AP 및 TBHQ의 항산화 효과와 비교하였다. 탈지참깨박 중 페놀산 추출물은 유리형, 에스터형, 불용성 페놀산이 각각 246.8, 109.6, 85.8mg/100g으로 유리형이 가장 높았으며, 유리형 페놀산에는 6종류의 페놀산이 다량 함유되어 있었고 에스터형과 불용성 페놀산에는 각각 3종류의 페놀산이 함유되어 있었다. 탈지참깨박 중의 3가지 형태의 페놀산의 항산화력은 유리형이 가장 컸고 에스터형, 불용성 순으로 나타났는데 이것은 유리형 페놀산 group의 종류와 함량이 가장 많은 것에 기인하는 것으로 생각된다. 탈지참깨박 페놀산 추출물의 항산화 효과는 BHA나 AP(0.02%)보다 강한 것으로 나타났으며, 유리형 페놀산의 경우는 합성 항산화제 중 가장 우수한 것으로 나타난 TBHQ의 항산화력과 거의 유사할 정도로 높았다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: 'Shiranuhi' mandarin is one of the popular citrus cultivars in Jeju Island, Korea. However, the emergence of scion roots since the past few years has altered its flowering, fruiting, and quality. Girdling of branches is one of the methods of increasing flowering in citrus trees. METHODS AND RESULTS: This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of girdling on the flowering and yields of scion rooted 'Shiranuhi' mandarin hybrid. We selected normal trees without scion roots as controls. The trees with scion roots were divided into two groups: trees without girdling and with girdling on main branches. Each group contained five replications and the experiment was conducted in Gosan and Harye of Jeju Island. The scion rooted trees revealed severely decreased flowering and low flowering/leaf ratios; however, the leaf/fruit ratio significantly increased. But, girdling on main branches significantly increased flowering and the flowering/leaf ratio. In the scion rooted trees, yields dropped due to poor flowering; however, girdling of branches efficiently improved the yields of the trees. Fruit quality, fruit size, and fruit weight of scion rooted trees were low in comparison with the control, whereas girdling of the branches improved flowering and the fruit weight to some extent. No significant difference in soluble solid contents was observed. CONCLUSION: Girdling is an effective method to induce flowering of the scion rooted 'Shiranuhi' mandarin trees. In addition, yields of scion rooted trees were improved.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.362-363
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• 2012

A new cross-linkable polymer, cross-linked d-PBAB, which has the triphenylamine as the hole transporting moiety and ethynyl group as the thermal cross-linker is firstly synthesized by the combination of anionic polymerization and deprotection process. The thermal cross-linking reaction was performed at $240^{\circ}C$ for 50 min and cross-linked d-PBAB layer showed smooth surface and is not soluble at organic solvent under spin-coating of emitting layer (EML). The solution-processed PLED which was fabricated with cross-linked d-PBAB as HTL showed approximately two times higher Lmax and four times higher LEmax than those obtained from PLED with PEDOT:PSS as the HTL. These result is ascribed to better ability of cross-linked d-PBAB to block electrons and to prevent exciton-quenching than those of PEDOT : PSS at the EML interface. This results strongly suggested that cross-linked d-PBAB can be a promising material to replace conventional PEDOT : PSS. It can be suspected that PLEDwith cross-linked d-PBAB would show longer lifetime compared with that of PLED with PEDOT : PSS, and thus further studies are under investigation.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.196-201
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Bioavailability enhancement by solubilization of lipophilic drugs in nano-emulsion has been reported and it may be useful in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. This study was performed to compare in vivo bioavailability of nano-emulsion formulation with that of the general product as control. METHODS AND RESULTS: The pharmacokinetics assessment of Vitamin A, D and E complex of nanoemulsion formulation (LaVita), in comparison to the general product, was performed in the male rat plasma by a single oral dose at 20 mL/kg body weight (n=3/group). For nano-emulsion formulation (LaVita), $C_{max}$ of vitamin A and E in plasma were much higher and the area under the curve (AUC) of vitamin A, D and E were 14-63% higher, and the half-life of vitamin E was 2-fold longer than the general product. According to statistical analysis, each $C_{max}$ of vitamin A, D & E was significantly higher (p<0.01, 0.05 and 0.01, respectively) than that of general product. Half-life of vitamin A was significantly higher (p<0.01) and AUC of vitamin A and D were also significantly higher than the general product. CONCLUSION(s): Considering significant increment of $C_{max}$ and AUC, LaVita made of nano-emulsion could be more effective the absorption rate and extent for bioavailability of vitamin A, D & E than those of general product.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.832-839
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• 2014

To evaluate the digestive characteristics and bioavailability of dietary soybean meal (SBM), the post-prandial changes in the gastric contents of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were determined for 24 h after feeding of SBM diets. A curve estimation of regression diagnostics using a comparison of the adjusted $r^2$ and probability was performed to test the tendency of the post-prandial changes and gave a quadratic polynomial (exponential) regression for all experimental groups. The gastric evacuations rates (GER) for higher-SBM groups were slower than those for lower-SBM groups. The estimated GER (digestion time) for 75% gastric content for fish fed a 70% SBM diet was 1.63 times longer than that for fish fed the control diet. Despite the fact that the pH values in the gastric contents rose from 4.05 at 0 h to 5.12-5.38 at 1 h after feeding, then dropped to 4.57-4.83 at 9 h, with no significant differences among experimental groups, the gastric moisture contents increased significantly in the higher-SBM groups. This is most likely due to an increase in digestive juices in the higher-SBM groups, rather than water introduced externally. The percentage of soluble nitrogen in the gastric contents of fish fed the higher-SBM diets was higher than that in the fish fed the control diet, and the SBRs (stomach weight/body weight${\times}100$) in the higher-SBM groups (diets 4, 5, 6 and 7) were also significantly higher than the SBR of the control group (P<0.05). This may indicate that the protein in SBM can be digested slowly due to physiological digestive adaptation in rainbow trout.