• Title/Summary/Keyword: solid phase method

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Determination of Siloxanes in Biogas by Solid-phase Adsorption on Activated Carbon

  • Kim, Nack-Joo;Chun, Seung-Kyu;Cha, Daniel K.;Kim, Cheal
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.34 no.8
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    • pp.2353-2357
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    • 2013
  • The objective of this study was to develop a simple, less time-consuming and accurate sampling technique based on solid-phase sorption with activated carbon as the sorbents. The results from solid-phase sorption techniques were compared to that from a conventional solvent impinger-based technique to confirm the efficacy of the proposed method. The laboratory results indicated that the solid-phase sorption method was suitable for the determination of siloxanes as the measured concentrations were similar to that from a solvent impinge method. The data from solid-phase sorption method showed excellent recovery and reproducibility while the sampling was less labor intensive and less time consuming than the solvent impinge method. Following the laboratory tests, the solid-phase sorption technique was successfully applied to sampling biogas from a field site. This study shows that the activated carbon-based solid-phase sorption can be a reliable and less time-consuming option for the sampling and collection of siloxanes under various different landfill conditions.

Synthesis of $WS_2$ Solid Lubricant ($WS_2$ 고체 윤활제의 합성)

  • 신동우;윤대현;황영주;김성진;김인섭
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.60-65
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    • 1997
  • The tungsten disulfide $(WS_2)$ solid lubricant was synthesized by two different reaction processes, i.e., the reaction between $CS_2$ gas phase and solid $WO_3$powder, and the vapour phase transport method of tungsten and sulfur in a high vacuum. The chemical and physical characteristics of synthesized $WS_2$powder were analyzed in terms of the average particle size, morphology, crystalline phase etc. in comparison with those of commercial $WS_2$powder. The solid $WO_3$ powder with the average size of 0.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ was reacted with $CS_2$gas flowed with$N_2$or 96%$N_2{\times}4%H_2$forming gas for 36 h and 24 h at 90$0^{\circ}C$ respectively. $WS_2$ crystalline phase was then formed through the intermediate phase of .$W_{20}O_{58}$ In the case of vapour phase transport method, the 3.5 wt% iodine was added as a vapour transport reagent into the composition of tungsten and sulfur powders maintaining a constant molar ratio of W:S=1:2.2. The mixture was then heat treated at 85$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 weeks in vacuum. The reaction product obtained showed the average size of 12 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and the hexagonal plate shape of typical solid lubricant with 2H-$WS_2$crystalline phase.

Characterization of Synthesized WS$_2$ Solid Lubricant (합성 WS$_2$ 고체윤활제의 특성 분석)

  • 신동우;윤대현;최인혁;김인섭
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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    • 1997.10a
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    • pp.211-216
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    • 1997
  • The tungsten disulfide (WS$_2$) solid lubricant was synthesized by two different reaction processes, and the chemical and physical characteristics of synthesized WS$_2$ powder were analyzed in terms of the average particle size, morphology, crystalline phase. The solid WO$_3$ powder with the average size of 0.2 $\mu$m was reacted with CS$_2$ gas flowed with N$_2$ or 96% N$_2$ + 4% H$_2$ forming gas for 36 h and 24 h at 900$\circ$C respectively. In the case of vapour phase transport method, the 3.5 wt% iodine was added as a vapour transport reagent into the composition of tungsten and sulfur powders maintaining a constant molar ratio of W : S = 1 : 2.2. The mixture was then heat treated at 850$\circ$C for 2 weeks in vacuum The reaction product obtained showed the average size of 12 $\mu$m and the hexagonal plate shape of typical solid lubricant with 2H-WS$_2$ crystalline phase.

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Deformation Analysis of Semi-Solid Aluminum Material Considering Seperation Phenomena of Solid Particles (고상입자의 분리현상을 고려한 Semi-Solid 알루미늄재료의 변형해석)

  • 최진석;강충길;김기훈
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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    • 1997.03a
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    • pp.98-105
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    • 1997
  • The behaviour of alloys in the semi-solid state strongly depends on the imposed stress state and on the morphology of the phase which can very from dendritic to globular. The estimation of behaviour characteristic in the compression simulation with seim-solid materials are calculated by finite element method with proposed algorithm. The proposed theoretical model and a various boundary conditions for compression process is investigated with the coupling calculation between the liquid phase flow and the solid phase deformation. The simulation process considering soldification phenomena is performed to the isothermal conditions of two dimensional problems. To analysis of compression process by using semi-solid materials, a new stress-strain relationship is described, and compression analysis is performed by viscoelastic model for the solid phase and the Darcy's law for the liquid flow. The calculated results for compression force and ram displacement will be compared to experimental data.

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Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Flow field and Performance Prediction for Solid Rocket Motor Nozzle

  • Wahab, Shafqat;Kan, Xie;Yu, Liu
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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    • 2008.03a
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    • pp.275-282
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    • 2008
  • This paper presents numerical investigation of multi-phase flow in solid rocket motor nozzle and effect of multi-phases on the performance prediction of the Solid Rocket Motor. Aluminized propellants are frequently used in solid rocket motors to increase specific impulse. An Eulerian-Lagrangian description has been used to analyze the motion of the micrometer sized and discrete phase that consist of the larger particulates present in the Solid Rocket Motor. Uniform particles diameters and Rosin-Rammler diameter distribution method has been used for the simulation of different burning of aluminum droplets generating aluminum oxide smokes. Roe-FDS scheme has been used to simulate the effects of the multi-phase flow. The results obtained show the sensitivity of this distribution to the nozzle flow dynamics, primarily at the nozzle inlet and exit. The analysis also provides effect of two phases on performance prediction of Solid Rocket Motor.

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A Study on Solid-Phase Epitaxy Emitter in Silicon Solar Cells (고상 성장법을 이용한 실리콘 태양전지 에미터 형성 연구)

  • Kim, Hyunho;Ji, Kwang-Sun;Bae, Soohyun;Lee, Kyung Dong;Kim, Seongtak;Park, Hyomin;Lee, Heon-Min;Kang, Yoonmook;Lee, Hae-Seok;Kim, Donghwan
    • Current Photovoltaic Research
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.80-84
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    • 2015
  • We suggest new emitter formation method using solid-phase epitaxy (SPE); solid-phase epitaxy emitter (SEE). This method expect simplification and cost reduction of process compared with furnace process (POCl3 or BBr3). The solid-phase epitaxy emitter (SEE) deposited a-Si:H layer by radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) on substrate (c-Si), then thin layer growth solid-phase epitaxy (SPE) using rapid thermal process (RTP). This is possible in various emitter profile formation through dopant gas ($PH_3$) control at deposited a-Si:H layer. We fabricated solar cell to apply solid-phase epitaxy emitter (SEE). Its performance have an effect on crystallinity of phase transition layer (a-Si to c-Si). We confirmed crystallinity of this with a-Si:H layer thickness and annealing temperature by using raman spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry and transmission electron microscope. The crystallinity is excellent as the thickness of a-Si layer is thin (~50 nm) and annealing temperature is high (<$900^{\circ}C$). We fabricated a 16.7% solid-phase epitaxy emitter (SEE) cell. We anticipate its performance improvement applying thin tunnel oxide (<2nm).

Analysis of Volatile Components of Sancho(Zanthoxylum schinifolium)by Solid Phase Micro Extraction (Solid Phase Micro Extraction을 이용한 산초의 휘발성 성분 분석)

  • 장희진
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.119-123
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    • 1999
  • Test of the optimum condition of solid phase micro extraction(SPME) was performed by use of 5 vol-atile components in dilute aqueous solution. Volatile components of Sancho(Zanthoxylum schinifolium) were isolated by SPME method and were analyzed by GC/MSD and compared with volatile compone-nts isolated by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) method. Total 31 components were identified by comparing gas chromatography retention time and mass spectral data. The major compounds were limonene geranyl acetate $\beta$-phellandrene phellandral mycene linalool rose oxide caproic acid and caprylic acid SPME sampling procedure was found to be a good method for qualitative analysis of the volatile components.

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Numerical Study of Interfacial Flows With Immersed Solids (잠겨진 물체를 포함하는 계면유동의 수치적인 연구)

  • Kim, Sung-Il;Son, Gi-Hun
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.706-711
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    • 2003
  • A numerical method is presented for computing unsteady incompressible two-phase flows with immersed solids. The method is based on a level set technique for capturing the phase interface, which is modified to satisfy a contact angle condition at the solid-fluid interface as well as to achieve mass conservation during the whole calculation procedure. The modified level set method is applied for numerical simulation of bubble deformation in a micro channel with a cylindrical solid block and liquid jet from a micro nozzle.

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A Theoretical Study for the Thermal Diffusivity Measurement of Solid Material using Photothermal Displacement Method (광열변위법을 이용한 재료의 열확산계수 측정에 대한 이론적 연구)

  • Jeon, Pil-Soo;Lee, Eun-Ho;Lee, Kwang-Jai;Yoo, Jai-Suk;Kim, Ki-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2000.04b
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    • pp.132-137
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    • 2000
  • A complete theoretical treatment of the photothermal displacement technique has been performed for thermal diffusivity measurement in solid materials. The influence of parameters - radius and modulation frequency of pump beam and thickness of material - on the phase lag was studied. The phase decreases up to a certain position, then starts to increase and does have an asymptotic value. The position, where phase has the minimum value, is a function of thermal diffusion length thickness of sample, and radius of pump beam. A new method based on minimum phase lag is described to determine the thermal diffusivity of solid material.

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Solid-Phase Extraction of Curcuminoid from Turmeric Using Physical Process Method (물리적 가공법을 이용한 강황으로부터 Curcuminoid의 고체상추출)

  • Lee, Kwang-Jin;Yang, Hye-Jin;Jeong, Sang-Won;Ma, Jin-Yeul
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.250-256
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    • 2012
  • In order to extract the curcuminoid such as curcumin, demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) in turmeric (Curcuma longa), solvent extraction methods (dipping and ultrasonic extraction method) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) were used. RP-HPLC (reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography) and TLC (thin-layer chromatography) were used for identification and analysis the three curcuminoid. From the experimental results, it is evident that the percentage of curcuminoid extracted from turmeric by ultrasonic extraction method was higher than dipping method. The percentage of curcumin extracted from turmeric by pure methanol was higher than any aqueous methanolic composition. Moreover, the total peak area of three curcuminoid was above 92% in RP-HPLC using solid-phase extraction. These results will form a database for investigating the constituents of natural products and the resources of pharmaceutical, nutrition, and cosmetic products.