• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.57-67
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• 2010

Specific yield is an essential parameter of the water table fluctuation method for recharge calculation. Specific yield is not easily estimated because of limited availability of aquifer test data and soil samples at National Groundwater Monitoring Stations in South Korea. The linear relationship between rainfall and water level rise was used to estimate the specific yields of aquifer for 34 shallow monitoring wells which were grouped into three clusters. In the case of Cluster-1 and Cluster-2, this method was not applicable because of low cross correlation between rainfall and water level rise and also a long lag time of water level rise to rainfall. However, the specific yields for 19 monitoring wells belonging to Cluster-3, which have relatively high cross correlation and short lag time, within 2 days after rainfall, range from 0.06 to 0.27 with mean value of 0.17. These values are within the general range for sand and gravel sediments and similar to those from aquifer test data. A detailed field survey is required to identify monitoring sites that are not greatly affected by pumping, stream flow, evapotranspiration, or delayed response of water levels to rainfall, because these factors may cause overestimation of specific yield estimates.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.51-66
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to suggest the ecological management based on ecological characteristics of urban forest in Bucheon city. The actual vegetation area in the survey sites(7,426,587$m^2$) consisted of Robinuia pseudoacacia forest(61.6%; 5,574,168 $m^2$), Pinus rigida forest(6.1%), Quercus mongolica community(3.2%), Q.spp.community(2.9%), etc. According to the importance value of artificial planting forest, 58(/300$m^2$) survey plots were divided into 6 groups; 1) R. pseudoacacia forest, 2) R. pseudoacacia-Q.serrata community, 3) R. pseudoacacia-Q.mongolica community, 4) P.rigide forest, 5) P.rigida-Q.serrata community, 6) P.rigida-Q. mongolica community. As the result, the artificial planting forest was expected to the proceeded to Q. serrata community and Q.mongolica community. The ecological succesion stage in the survey sites (7,426,587$m^2$) was divided into 5 states based on actual vegetation, succession trend of artificial planting forest in Bucheon; 1) Stage of impossible succession(4.7%, 2)Stage of inducible succession(78.7%), 3) Stage of progressive succession(2.7%), 4)Sage of last succession(1.4%), 5)Stage of native plant forest(12.5%). The ecological management of urban forest was suggested as the management method for succession promotion, according to density controlling and native species planting in Bucheon. Individual numbers of R. pseudoacacia might be reduced to 6~8 individuals/300$m^2$ at canopy, 9~21 individuals/300$m^2$ at under-story by selective cutting in order to keep 63~70% of total basal area at R. pseudoacacia forest. Individual numbers of P.rigida might be reduced to 8~9 individuals/300$m^2$ at canopy, 27~30individuals/300$m^2$ at under-story by selective cutting in order to keep 68~75% of total basal area at P. rigida forest. 24 species that were selective by constancy analysis were chosen as the ecological appropriate species. Since, this studyis discussing the ares of urban forest and botanical ecology, it is suggested that a study on the relations between of environmental factors such as soil, climate, and vegetation will be performed in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.97-111
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• 2012

This study aims to find a proper construction cost calculation method by comparing unit prices of cost estimate in landscape construction among other public ordering construction projects. There were 7 out of 12 items from the actual work cost in the first half of 2011 were compared. The 12 items were classified as landscape Architectural construction and the 7 items were the approximate standard. As applied construction types, the comparable 35 items out of the 80 actual work cost items applied to 5 sites were compared to the unit price of the standard quantity per unit in March 2011, which was the approximate standard. Actual construction rate of the 7 items in the category of landscape sector was 104.86% for each item and 92.09% as a total construction cost. The high actual construction rate was caused by the high rate of seed spray depending on the status of applying rocks. However, there were more fundamental reasons for the cost generated from aslope treatment for grass and seed spray. So, it requires more detailed regulations on the modification factors for each soil type, the standard and needs to improve theillogical standard quantity per unit system. Actual construction rate of the 35 items in the applied sectors of civil engineering and architecture was 78.65% for each item and 71.31% (70.17%) as a total construction cost. This shows that actual unit cost cannot reflect actual cost structurally and standard quantity per unit system lacks practicality in terms of construction due to thelabor force. 85.1~91.2 % actual construction rate announced by the Ministry of Land and Maritime Affairs referred to the newly switched items. So the result was estimated as actual construction rate. This requires supplementation after verification in order to make the actual work cost produce at a proper rate. Also, standard quantity per unit system needs complementation with these actual data and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

This study investigates the environmental factors of endemic species in Korea in order to understand their ecological characteristics, and to investigate the target species of their natural habitats to find similar sites. The purpose is to restore and follow suitable growth methods for the appropriate highway facility of target species to establish a management system via monitoring. This study endeavors to restore the target species near highway facilities on the basis of monitoring data and restore sites have similar natural characteristics of the target species. After restoring the target species, a restoration strategy and management plan will be established for breeding and continuation. The restoration strategy and management plan of the target species is divided into breeding, restoring, maintaining and monitoring plans. Specially management plans include several divisions such as soil, water, non-point pollution source reduction and naturalized plants. The results of this study can be used as reference materials for the restoration of endemic Korean plants in the future of highway routes, and for systematic management measures in habitats.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.149-159
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• 2017

There are many studies on the health and protection of Old-growth and Giant Trees, concentrating on empirical judgment and basic protection measures. The problem this study addresses is the relative importance and priority of the health evaluation indicators of Old-growth and Giant Trees. Firstly, this study exports the evaluation indicators of Old-growth and Giant Trees. The evaluation system for the degree of danger of Old-growth and Giant Trees are composed of two layers: 5 fields and 46 indicators. Secondly, using the AHP and PCA method can determine the weight of each field and each index factor. The process of AHP establishes the relative importance judgment matrix of each field and fully proves that the main cause of danger is individual aging. The PCA method suggested that trunk rot status, light conditions, tree surgeries, bacterial diseases, and soil moisture level are the most important factors in each field. These aspects should be given priority in the management and protection of Old-growth and Giant Trees. Weight values obtained in this study seemed to be useful in the evaluation of Old-growth and Giant Trees.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2016

This study provides the numerical model to assess retrofit and strengthen levels in the dispersal and combat facilities. First of all, it is verified that direct-hitting projectiles are more destructive to the structures rather than close-falling bombs with explosion tests. The protective capacity of dispersal and combat facilities, which are modeled with soil uncertainty and structural field data, is analyzed through finite element method. With structural survivability and facility data, the logistic regression model is drawn. This model could be used to determine the level of the retrofit and strengthen in the dispersal and combat facilities of contact areas. For more reliable model, it could be better to identify more significant factors and adapt non-linear model. In addition, for adapting this model on the spot, appropriate strengthen levels should be determined by hands on staffs associated with military facilities.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.507-511
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• 1995

In an attempt to improve the productivity of ${\beta}-galactosidase$ from Bacillus sp. A1, which was isolated from soil and has remarkably higher transgalactosylation activity than lactose hydrolysis activity, a chemical mutation procedure using N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine followed by selection was conducted. The final selection, designated as Bacillus sp. A4442, turned out to show a substantially increased enzyme productivity. Catabolite repression by glucose and lactose requirement as an inducer for the enzyme biosynthesis, which were shown in the parent strain, was markedly diminished; instead it was found out that galactose acts as another inducer. Because pH of medium, one of the most important factors for cell growth as well as enzyme production, is closely related with the sugar concentration during culture, it was kept in the optimum range of $6.5{\sim}7.5$; for this the initial glucose concentration was adjusted to be 0.5% which was thereafter maintained by the controlled pumping-in of lactose using the pH-stat technique. By doing so, we were able to increase the productivity of ${\beta}-galactosidase$ with high transgalactosylation activity up to $44\;unit/m{\ell}-broth$.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 2012

It has been known that the proteome profiles in the period of growth and development of rice are changed by the growth conditions including temperature, soil, and fertilization. In this study, the proteome profiles of Odae polished white rice grown in Chulwon and Chilgog were compared on 2-dimensional(D) gels. The differentially expressed proteins were selected from the 112 identified total proteins and classified into functional groups. The most significantly differentially expressed proteins were stress responsive proteins; Ent-kaur-16-ene synthase, which is responsible for synthesizing a plant hormone gibberellin, was expressed in Chulwon rice and heat shock proteins were in Chilgog rice, respectively. Xylanase inhibitor protein, which inhibits the enzyme xylanase produced by pathogenic fungi and Bacilli, was expressed significantly high in Chilgog rice grown at high temperature. Differential expressions of transporter proteins were observed both in Chulwon and Chilgog rice. Regarding the facts that Chilgog rice contained relatively higher amount of proteins than Chulwon rice and Chulwon rice showed large number of proteins were differentially expressed, it can be concluded that different cultivation conditions could change the protein expression profiles in rice in various ways, including elevation of protein amount or differential expressions of specific proteins, etc. The results suggest that the characteristics of the profiles of the proteome in the polished white rice are definitely changed by the environmental factors including high temperature. The results can be utilized for the development of the proper cultivation conditions for the production of high quality rice with good palatability.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.164-168
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• 2002

Yield prediction model of rice based on the boundary line analysis of the relationships between rice yield and meteorological conditions during rice growing period was reported in the previous report (Kim et al, 2001). Using the 15-year data of the 20 locations used for the model formulation and of the 12 locations not used, the model was tested for its predictability of location to location, year to year, and variety to variety variation of rice yield. The model predicted reliably the mean yield differences among locations, the yearly yield variation in each location, and the yield variation by variety. However, the model showed relatively lower predictability for the years of cool weather injury especially in mountainous locations. In conclusion, the model using boundary line analysis could be used to predict the yield responses to meteorological conditions during rice growth period and the locational, yearly, and varietal variations of rice yield. And the predictability of the present yield prediction model might be improved by including the boundary line analysis for the other factors such as soil characteristics, fertilization levels, etc.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2012

Eupatilin, one of representative medical components of mugwort, can be efficiently extracted from the 'Gangwha Sajabalssuk'. The Eupatilin content may depend on environmental factors such as soil and regional climate in addition to a genetic factor and Gangwha region has a profitable environmental condition for the mugwort growth. In this study, the climatological characteristics of Gangwha was analyzed in order to find the environmental condition of mugwort containing high Eupatilin in term of atmospheric, oceanographic and land variables. The climate of Gangwha is characterized by the relatively low daily temperature and large diurnal variation with plenty of solar radiation, long sunshine duration and less cloudiness. According to our correlation analysis, the long sunshine duration and the large diurnal temperature variation are highly correlated with the Eupatilin contents. The result implies that Gangwha has the favorable conditions for the cultivation and the habitat of the high-Eupatilin concentrated mugwort. Because of the sea surrounding Gangwha Island with low salinity and moderate wind, the salt contained in sea breeze is relatively low compared to other regions. Furthermore, Gangwha has clean atmospheric environment compared to other regions because the concentrations of toxic gases harmful to crop growth such as nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$), sulfite gas ($SO_2$) and fine dust (PM-10) are lower in the air. The ozone ($O_3$) concentration is moderate and within the level of natural production. It is also found that moderately coarse texture or fine loamy soils known as good for water drainage and for the growth and cultivation of the 'Gangwha-mugwort' are distributed throughout the areas around mountainous districts in Gangwha, coinciding with those of mugwort habitat.