• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.697-711
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• 2023

The global waste crisis has been escalating and its consequent impact on soil, water, air pollution, and eventually climate change acceleration has shed light on the importance of reducing waste. Amidst COVID-19 and the following surge in single-use plastics for food delivery, waste generation is on the incline. Companies and governments have embarked on developing various eco-friendly packaging technologies, but their effectiveness on the consumers is vague as definitions of eco-friendly packaging are vague, and research on its link to purchase intention remains scarce. Thus, the adoption of eco-friendly packaging has been slow. To address this issue, this study analyzes the awareness and purchase intention of four visual attributes of eco-friendly packaging-material, verbal statement, eco-label, and color-along with the environmental consciousness among undergraduate university students in Korea through online surveys and the ordered logit regression model. The study distinguished the attributes into evidence-based and conjectural categories. The findings revealed that eco-friendly visual attributes had a positive effect on purchase intention amongst undergraduate students in Korea; however the level of environmental consciousness had marginal effect on the purchase intention of eco-friendly visual attributes. The level of effectiveness also varied with each visual element. Analyses revealed that visual attributes to eco-friendly material had marginal effect on purchase intention; color was deemed not an "Eco-friendly attribute" by most students, and although eco-friendly labels were deemed as an eco-friendly attribute, trust in the labels varied according to environmental consciousness. These findings have implications for businesses and policymakers aiming to promote eco-friendly consumption within packaged food products.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.436-446
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• 2020

In this study, we verified the effects of organic amendment application based on soil testing in potato cultivation. The application rate of organic amendments was determined based on the inorganicization rate of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium in the organic amendments. There was no significant difference in the length, stalk number, stalk diameter, and leaf color of potato plants under organic amendment application compared with those under chemical fertilization. The quantity of potato tubers and yield of marketable tubers under organic amendment application were higher than those under chemical fertilization. The top fresh weight and top-to-root ratio were the highest under organic amendment application, followed by those under chemical fertilization and the control. The inorganic nitrogen content in the leaves and stems of potato plants was the highest under chemical fertilization. There was no difference in the phosphoric acid content between the potatoes under chemical fertilization and those under organic amendment application. The potassium content in potatoes was higher under chemical fertilization than that under organic amendment application. While the change trend of inorganic nitrogen content in the roots was similar to that in the leaves and stems, the potatoes under organic amendment application, with the highest yield, showed the highest dry weight. The tuber weight showed a positive correlation with plant length, stalk number, and stalk diameter. The higher the weight of the tuber, the higher the weight of the marketable tuber, and the higher the top fresh weight, the higher the yield. Therefore, to increase yield, it is necessary to supply nutrients to improve the top fresh weight to the optimal level. There was no difference in the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and potassium between the potatoes under chemical fertilization and those under organic amendment application. The utilization efficiency of phosphoric acid was increased by 0.1% in potatoes under organic amendment application compared with that under other treatments. Regarding soil chemistry after harvest, the soils under organic amendment application showed a higher electrical conductivity and higher nitrogen and phosphoric acid content than those under other treatments. Therefore, the organic amendment method used in this study can be an alternative to chemical fertilization. It is also advantageous for the cultivation of subsequent crops in potato fields.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.301-315
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• 2000

Every, year, a great amount of site investigation data is collected on site to obtain sufficient conditions. Investigation of subsurface conditions is prerequisite to the design and construction of structures and also provides information on ground properties such as geologic formation and types of soil. This data set, which portrays real representation of ground conditions over the existing geologic and soil maps, could be further utilized for analyzing the subsurface conditions. It is therefore necessary to develope a subsurface exploration analysis system which is able to extract the valuable information from the heterogeneous, non-normalized subsurface investigation data. This paper presents the overall design scheme and implementation on a subsurface exploration analysis system. The analysis system employs one of data set such as bore-hole data. The clustering technique employed in the developed system makes a large volume of bore-hole data into several groups in terms of ground formation and geographical vicinity. As a result of clustering, each group or cluster consists of bore-hole data with similar characteristics of subsurface and geographical vicinity. In addition, each clustered data is displayed on digital topographical map with different color so that the analysis of site investigation data could be performed in more sensible ways.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 1987

Exochorda serratifolia, broad-leaved shrub has beautiful flowers and is resistant to cold, shade and decease. New this native plant is considered to be worth being exploited as the outstanding plant for landscaping and horticulture. So this study was executed to utilize Exochorda serratifolia as the planting material for landscaping and horticulture through the survey of its habitat environment and the experimennt of its seed physiology and germination, vegetative propagation, culture and utilization, etc.. The results are as follows ; 1. The color of the flower is white, blooming in the early and middle of May and the seeds ripen late in Sep.. 2. The elevation, elevation, gradient and direction of the native habitat were 250m, 20-25$^{\circ}$and northern side respectively. 3. The soil pH of the natural habitat was 5.3 and soil fertility was poor. 4. Exochorda serratifolia appeared as indicator within P. densiflora community and its neighboring species were Q. mongolica, Q. dentata, R. mucronulatum, L. obtusiloba, E. oxyphillus, C. heterolphylla, var thunbergii, etc.. 5. The optimum temperature for seed germination was found at 20$^{\circ}C$ and the longer the stratification period at 5$^{\circ}C$ was, the lower the germination rate was. 6. The treat merits of GA and Kinetin increased the seed germination rate, especially under the dark condition but their high concentrations decreased the seed germination rate. 7. The rooted rate of the greenwood cutting was the highest at IBA 100ppm plot of vermiculite bed but its high concentration decreased the rooted rate conspicuously. 8. In the tissue culture, the each 1.0 ppd plot of NAA, Kinetin and NAA 1.0ppm + Kinetin showed the best growth. And the mixture of NAA 1.0ppm and Kinetin showed better growth than the single treatment of NAA or Kinetin did. 9. Transplanted Exochorda serratifolia showed healthy growth with shaded environmental condition(42.1% light intensity), therefore they can be cultivated as a shade tolerant landscape plant. 10. It was considered that Exochorda serratifolia was applicable to group planting at shade places or under trees in parks, homes, etc..

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 1999

Effect of an antagonistic bacterium AF-2001, Pseudomonas cepacia, on control of turfgrass diseases as brown patch, Pythium blight, dollar spot, and large patch were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results obtained in this study are summarized as follows. 1. Pseudomonas cepacia AF-2001 showed antagonism against to the pathogens causing brown patch, Pythium blighe, dollar spot and large patch. Especially, the biological agent showed strong antagonistic effect on the causal pathogens of brown patch, dollar spot, and anthracnose, but weak on Pythium blight 2. Populotion density of P. cepacia AR-2001 decreased ra;idly in turfgrass soils. Initial population of the agent was 2.4$\times$107 cfu/g soil, however, decreased to 1.4$\times$103, 6$\times$102 and 0 cfu/g soil on 10, 20, and 30 days after application, respectively. 3. Under the controlled controlled conditions of $27^{\circ}C$ and 95% RH, P. cepacia AR-2001 showed 100% control efficacy on brown patch either by pre-treatment or post-treatment of infection. However, Pythium blight was controlled about 94% by pre-treatment and only 29% by post-treatment 4. In field trials, P. cepacia AF-2001 did not suppress large patch and the control efficacy on other turfgrass diseases was lower than agro-chemicals such as tebuconazole and metalaxyl. Control efficacy of brown patch, Pythium and dollar spot by the biological agent was 57.4%, 40.4%, 61.5~87%, respectively. 5. Growth, color and texture of creeping bentgrass were not differ significantly between AF-2001 treatment and untreated control.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.180-184
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• 2003

Several bacteria and yeasts were isolated from soil and characterized for the development of functional probiotics which can be used as a livestock feed additive. From the soil, the microbial strains which have acid/bovine resistance, antibiotics resistance and high stability, were isolated. Most strains selected were very tolerable against acids and very stable in a broad range of pH. Some strains could survive 100% at pH 2.5. The growth of the strains was not affected in the presence of bile acid, pathogenic E. coli and several antibiotics such as tetracycline, nisin, kanamycin, streptomycin, ampicillin. Acidogenic capability test showed that all the strains can produce acids. The hydrolytic activities were analysed for amylase, protease, lipase and cellulase to decompose various organic compounds. All the strains were found to be gram negative, round type, non-kinetic and the color is yellow or white.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.109-121
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• 2016

Mother-of-pearl turtle shell lacquerware refers to a decoration made of a mother-of-pearl, a turtle shell and metal wires. This lacquerware features bright color tone as it is produced by sprinkling metal powder over its entire surface. This study aimed to find out its material properties and characteristics by using an optical microscopy and conducting a SEM-EDS analysis on the cross section of lacquer coating. As a result, it was found that charcoal powder and soil powder were mixed for undercoating. Then a mixture of cinnabar lacquer and monoclinic arsenic sulfide mineral ($As_2S_3$) was coated on the undercoating and brass powder was sprinkled on top of it. Especially, a little amount of pigment was found on the lacquer layer, which is distinguished from the colors used for conventional lacquer patterns. In addition, it was also found that the cinnabar lacquer and monoclinic arsenic sulfide mineral were mixed together.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.4
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• pp.25-28
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• 1965

The study was carried on a new disease of rice seedling which named 'Black rot of rice seedling'. None of papers on this disease was reported recently. The symptom of this disease was quite different from other seedling rot of rice plant. Submerged mycelial growth in water was black colored and it was surrounded whole surface of seed. Soil on which diseased seedlings were placed was black colored by this disease and the seedlings, finally stopped to grow within 3 em in height, and appeared with black rot symptom. Sporulation of the pathogen does not occurred under both of natural and artificial conditions. The mycelium appeared in dark color and with distinguished septation under the microscope. With those results it is easily recognized that the pathogen does not belong to those which causal organism:; of other seedling rot of rice plant like as Phycomycetes or Fusarium species. The study should be continued on identification of the causal organism. Favorable environments for the disease did not differ from other seedling rot of rice plant, and varietal resistance also did not significantly differ among the varieties used in this experiment. Dissemination of the disease was carried out not by planted seeds but by infected soil.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2020

A fungal isolate US-18-11 was isolated from the soil in Uiseong, Korea. The mycelium growth measured after 7 days of incubation at 22℃ on malt extract agar (MEA) and oatmeal agar (OA) media was 42-43 mm and 41-44 mm in diameter, respectively. The fungal colony formed white to dull green aerial mycelia that were floccose with regular margins and olivaceous black with leaden gray patches on the reverse side. The conidia were hyaline to brown in color, ellipsoidal to ovoid, guttulate, abundant, globose, solitary, or confluent measuring 3.2-7.2×1.1-2.3 ㎛. A BLAST search of the large subunit (LSU), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, second largest subunit of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and β-tubulin (TUB2) gene sequences revealed that the isolate US-18-11 has similarities of 99, 100, 97, and 99% with those of Epicoccum draconis CBS 186.83, respectively. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree constructed based on the concatenated dataset of above-mentioned sequences showed that isolate US-18-11 clustered with Epicoccum draconis CBS 186.83 in the same clade. Based on the results of morphological, cultural, and phylogenetic analysis, the isolate US-18-11 was identical to the previously described E. draconis CBS 186.83. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. draconis in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.144-151
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• 2009

An optode for cadmium ion determination has been designed by immobilization of dithizone on triacetylcellose membrane. When the optode membrane is introduced into a real samples containing cadmium, there is a color change from green to red, making it possible to use the change in absorbance at 611 nm as the analytical signal. The sensor could be used in the range of 0.3-3 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ (2.67-26.67 ${\mu}M$) of $Cd^{2+}$ ions with a limit of detection of 0.025 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ (25 ng $ml^{-1}$). The response time of optode is within 15 min depending on the concentration of $Cd^{2+}$ ions. It can be easily and completely regenerated by dilute EDTA solution. The effect of different possible interfering species has been examined and was shown the optode has a good selectivity. The results obtained for the determination of cadmium ion in polluted soil and water samples using the proposed optode was found to be comparable with the well-established atomic absorption method.