• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to propose rational methods in order to maintain vegetation condition and soil environment based on the analysis of tree growth in relation to the soil environment, which is one of the most significant environmental factors on vegetation condition in urban parks and open spaces. The result of the study can be described as below;The soil on every study site had strong acidity. In particular, study sites around industrial district and central business district showed extreme soil acidity. Therefore, soil management system is needed in urban parks and green spaces around those areas. Among Cambium Electric Resistance classified by locations of urban parks and open spaces, one in the costal area was the lowest. The Cambium Electric Resistance in the industrial area was the highest. Therefore, soil condition and locational environment in the industrial area are highly related to the Cambium Electric Resistance. Among the factors, which affect Cambium Electric Resistance in different locations, inorganic content was found to be the main factor in all of the study sites. Inorganic content was an important factor to the Cambium Electric Resistance in study sites located in industrial and central business districts. In the study sites located in costal area, Soil acidity was found to be other important factors that affect Cambium Electric Resistance. To improve the soil acidity, soil buffering ability should be improved from activating microorganisms in the soil by using lime and organic material, Since it takes a long time to make a change in the soil structure, well planed maintenance system is required by mid-term or long-term plans.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2002

This study was conducted to analyze the change of soil characteristics effect on the condition of urban forest in Sasang parti located near Sasang Industrial Complex. The results of this study are as follows; 1. Soil hardness is increasing from the area of forest, to the entrance, to facilities in that order. Soil acidity pH4.19∼4.23 in Sasang park indicated a high acidity condition. High levers of K, Na, Mg, Ca are shown in the areas composed of high soil hardness. 2. Pinus thunbergii in the overstory tree layer, Alnus japonica in the understory tree layer, and Rhus sylvestris in the shurb layer are shown respectively as dominant species based on the ground survey and the compution of important value. Pinus thunbergii is decreasing, while Alnus japonica and increasing. 3. Oplismenus undulatifolius which has a strong tolerance for air pollution, is shown as a dominant species of herbaceous plants in Sasang park. There are 10 species of Harbaceous in Sasang park compared to 20 species in Molundae park. This shows that deversity in herbaceous plants are imported by air pollution. 4. Species diversity indices of Sasang park is 0.8738∼0.9700 compared to 1.0817∼ 1.233 in Molundae park is due to the good condition of soil environment in addition to air pollution effects. 5. The vitality of Pinus thunbergii is 16.41∼20.42ER in Sasang park, and 12.42∼ 16.81ER, in Molundae park. This shows that tree vitality are impacted by soil characteristics. The regression analysis between tree vitality and soil environment shows the effects of is soil hardness, soil moisture, soil acidity, K, Na, Mg, Ca.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.255-262
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• 1996

다양하고 복잡한 환경요인에 의해 발생된 산림쇠퇴에 대한 회복책의 하나로 1990년 11월부터 1993년 8월까지 3년에 걸쳐 서울시 중심에 위치한 남산과 광릉지역의 소나무 우점종인 군집에 석회, 마그네슘, 석회+마그네슘+ 복합비료를 시용한 후 소나무잎의 왁스함량, 접촉각 및 무기양이온 함량, 토양의 산도를 분석하여 시비처리의 효과를 알아보고자 실시한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 남산, 광릉지역 소나무잎의 왁스함량 및 접촉각값은 토양시비에 따라 증가하였고, 엽령이 증가함에 따라 접촉각값은 작아졌다. 2. 소나무잎의 K, Ca 함량은 남산에서 높았으나, Mg 함량은 광릉지역에서 높았다. 소나무잎의 K, Mg 함량은 남산과 광릉 모두 시비가 계속됨에 따라 증가하여 시비의 효과가 나타났다. 3. 토양산도는 남산지역이 pH 4.2$\sim$4.3, 광릉지역이 pH 4.6$\sim$4.9이였고, 토양시비처리에 따른 토양 산도는 변화가 없었다. 그러나 토양시비처리 기간이 경과함에 따라 무시비구에 비하여 시비처리구의 토양 pH가 상대적으로 높아지는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.400-406
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• 1998

사양토, 양토, 식양토의 3 가지의 토양을 $2^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\times}30cm(D{\times}L)$ column에 충진한 후 인공 산성비(pH 2.0, 4.0, 6.0) 1,200mm를 처리하여 산성비의 토양내 침투수량에 따른 토양의 산성화 경향, 토양 중 무기양분의 용탈과 이동양상과 산성비 토양투입에 따른 석회 중화양을 비교검토한 결과, 산성비 처리에 따른 각 토양의 pH 변화는 산성비의 pH가 4.0과 6.0에서는 별 차이가 없었으나, pH 2.0에서는 토심별로 큰 차이를 보였으며 pH감소는 사양토>양토>식양토의 순이었고, 치환산도(치환성 Al+H)는 식양토>양토>사양토의 순위였다. 산성비에 따른 각 토양의 토심별 양분 용탈량은 산성비의 pH 2.0에서 많았으며, 사양토, 양토와 식양토의 경우, 각토양 공히 Ca>K>Mg 순위였다. 토양의 pH감소와 치환산도(치환성 Al+치환성 H)는 사양토 > 양토 > 식양토의 순위였으나, pH감소에 따라 증가되는 치환산도는 그 토양의 CEC범위내 이었다. 토양내의 치환성 Al는 토양의 pH가 5이하에서는 거의 없었다. pH 3.0인 산성비(황산:질산=2:1, $1,200mm\;year^{-1}$)의 유입에 따른 H이온의 유입은 $12kg\;ha^{-1}\;year^{-1}$, 산성비의 토양유입은 S와 N가 각각 128과 $56kg\;ha^{-1}{\cdot}year^{-1}$이었으며, 이를 중화할 수 있는 소석회의 양은 $444kg\;ha^{-1}\;year^{-1}$이지만 실제로 용탈된 염기는 소석회로 사양토 923, 양토 1,731, 식양토 $1,608kg\;ha^{-1}\;year^{-1}$로 추정되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2019

This study was composed of four treatments [no treatment, phosphate + limestone layer treatment, phosphate + sodium bicarbonate + cement layer treatment, and phosphate + sodium bicarbonate + limestone layer treatment] for figuring out vegetation effects on the acid drainage slope. Treated acid neutralizing techniques were effective for neutralizing acidity and vegetative growth in order of [first: phosphate + sodium bicarbonate + limestone layer treatment, second: phosphate + sodium bicarbonate+cement layer treatment, third: phosphate + limestone layer treatment and fourth: no treatment] on the acid drainage slope. We found out that sodium bicarbonate treatment was additory effect on neutralizing acidity and increasing vegetaive growth besides phosphate and neutralizing layer treatments. In neutralizing layer treatments, Limestone layer was more effective for vegetation and acidity compared to cement layer treatment. Cement layer showed negative initial vegetative growth probably due to high soil hardness and toxicity in spite of acid neutralizing effect. Concerning plants growth characteristics, The surface coverage rates of herbaceous plants, namely as Lotus corniculatus var. japonicus and Coreopsis drummondii L were high in the phosphate + sodium bicarbonate + limestone layer treatment while Festuca arundinacea was high in the phosphate + sodium bicarbonate + cement layer treatment. We also figured out that soil acidity affected more on root than top vegetative growth.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.303-309
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• 1997

The investigation was cycle of aluminum of surface soil elements in dynamic grassland ecosystems at a steady state in a Zoysia japonica and a Miscanthus sinensis ecosystem in Mt. Kwanak, Korea. Average amounts of total storage for aluminum in Z japonica and M. sinensis grasslands were 8,426mg /$m^2$ and 7,849mg /$m^2$ respectively. Decay constants estimated on the base of experimental and mathematical model, were 0.04 in Z japonica grassland, and 0.08 in M. sinensis grassland. Half time to decay aluminum of litter soils were 17.33 years in Z japonica grass-land, and 8.66 years in Al. sinensis grassland. 95% decay times in Z japonica, and in M. sinensis grassland were 75.0 years and 35.0 years respectively. Needed times to lose almost all of elements in Z japonica and M. sinensis grassland were 125.0 years, and 62.50 years respectively. The metals were losed more rapidly in M. sinensis than in Z japonica grassland. The cycle of aluminum was investigated to be related with soil acidity. Key words: Cycle of aluminum, Zoysia japonica. Miscanthus sinensis, Mt. Kwanak, Decay constants, Soil acidity.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.319-323
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• 2014

This study investigates the prediction of soil chemical properties (organic matter (OM), pH, Ca, Mg, K, Na, total acidity, cation exchange capacity (CEC)) on 688 Korean soil samples using the visible-near infrared reflectance (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy. Reflectance from the visible to near-infrared spectrum (350 to 2500 nm) was acquired using the ASD Field Spec Pro. A total of 688 soil samples from 168 soil profiles were collected from 2009 to 2011. The spectra were resampled to 10 nm spacing and converted to the 1st derivative of absorbance (log (1/R)), which was used for predicting soil chemical properties. Principal components analysis (PCA), partial least squares regression (PLSR) and regression rules model (Cubist) were applied to predict soil chemical properties. The regression rules model (Cubist) showed the best results among these, with lower error on the calibration data. For quantitatively determining OM, total acidity, CEC, a VIS-NIR spectroscopy could be used as a routine method if the estimation quality is more improved.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.30-44
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• 2002

This study is conducted to analyze the change of location and soil characteristics effect on the condition of urban forest in Urban Park and Green Open Space The results of this study are as fallows; 1. Soil acidity is indicated pH 3.88 in Sasang park, pH 4.38 in Hwaji park, pH 4.40 in Daeyeon park, pH 4.68 in Sanseong amusement park, pH 5.15 in Molundae amusement park. 2. Species diversity indices of indicated Sasang park 0.9932, Hwaji park 1.1975, Daeyeon park 1.2160, Sanseong amusement park 1.3080, Molundae amusement park 1.3233 is due to location and soil environment in addition to air pollution effects. 3. The vitality of Pinus thunbergii 27.5ER in Sasang park, 24.9ER in Hwaji park, 24.5ER in Daeyeon park, 23.6ER in Sanseong amusement park, 21.0ER in Molundae park. This shows that tree vitality are impacted by location and soil characteristics. On the basis of the result above, vegetation devices are suggested : 1) Robinica pseudo-acacia management, 2) removing the hazard plants; Smilax china, Humulus japonicus, Pueraria thungergiana, 3) improving soil hardness and soil acidity.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.291-300
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• 1998

The forest vegetation of Mt. Odae based on the interspecific relationship was classified into 4 groups : Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora, Quercus variabilis and Patrinia saniculaefolia. Thirty-one species of Quercus mongolica group including Quercus mongolica and Acer mone, 12 species of Pinus densiflora group comprising Pinus densiflora and Spodiopogon sibiricus, 6 species of Quercus variabilis group and 4 species of Patrinia saniculaefolia were positively correlated. in the results of species ordination by principal component analysis, 7 clusters by the humidity and acidity of soil, 4 clusters by the humidity and light intensity and 7 clusters by the acidity and light intensity were formed. The plot ordination showed that the distribution of species based on the humidity, soil acidity and total organic matters was in the order of Pinus densiflora, Quercus variabilis and Quercus mongolica groups, and based on the light intensity was in the order of Quercus variabilis, Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica groups.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제19권
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• pp.31-37
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• 2001

Uyeki(1928) classified Pinus densiflora into six ecotypes(Northeastem type, Middle-southern flat type, middle-southern upland type, Wibong type, Ankang type, and Geumgang type) based on the pine tree type. The bark color of Geumgang type was ash-brown color on the lower parts of stem and yellowed color on the upper parts of stem. We investigated the physicochemical properties of soil forests to obtain basic data for preservation of exellent pine (Pinus densiflora for. erecta Uyeki). The results were as follows; The soil texture of the Pinus densiflora for. erecta Uyeki forests were showed nearly as sandy loam, that is, sand, silt and clay were consisted of 72%, 15% and 13%, respectively. Soil acidity(pH 4.6) was lower than Korea average forest soil acidity(pH 5.2). The average contents of available phosphate was 11.7ppm at Sokwang-ri, 26.8ppm at Mt. Eungbong, 24.2ppm at Mt. Kumma. It was the lowest at Uljin(4.6ppm). The contents of carbon was 6.2% at Mt. Chungok, 6.1% at Mt. Eungbong. This value was more than average of Korea forest soil.