• Toxicological Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.303-310
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• 2018

The methods of applied genetic toxicology are changing from qualitative hazard identification to quantitative risk assessment. Recently, quantitative analysis with point of departure (PoD) metrics and benchmark dose (BMD) modeling have been applied to in vitro genotoxicity data. Two software packages are commonly used for BMD analysis. In previous studies, we performed quantitative dose-response analysis by using the PROAST software to quantitatively evaluate the mutagenicity of four piperidine nitroxides with various substituent groups on the 4-position of the piperidine ring and six cigarette whole smoke solutions (WSSs) prepared by bubbling machine-generated whole smoke. In the present study, we reanalyzed the obtained genotoxicity data by using the EPA's BMD software (BMDS) to evaluate the inter-platform quantitative agreement of the estimates of genotoxic potency. We calculated the BMDs for 10%, 50%, and 100% (i.e., a two-fold increase), and 200% increases over the concurrent vehicle controls to achieve better discrimination of the dose-responses, along with their BMDLs (the lower 95% confidence interval of the BMD) and BMDUs (the upper 95% confidence interval of the BMD). The BMD values and rankings estimated in this study by using the EPA's BMDS were reasonably similar to those calculated in our previous studies by using PROAST. These results indicated that both software packages were suitable for dose-response analysis using the mouse lymphoma assay and that the BMD modeling results from these software packages produced comparable rank orders of the mutagenic potency.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.566-572
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• 2016

Software Reliability implemented in software development is one of the most important issues. In finite failure NHPP software reliability models for software failure analysis, the hazard function that means a failure rate may have constant independently for failure time, non-increasing or non-decreasing pattern. In this study, software development cost analysis considering the variable shape parameter of Erlang distribution as the failure life distribution in the software product testing process was studied. The software failure model was applied finite failure Non-Homogeneous Poisson Procedure and the parameters approximation using maximum likelihood estimation was accompanied. Thus, this paper was presented comparative analysis by applying a software failure time data to the software, considering the shape parameter of Erlang distribution for development cost model analysis. When compared to the cost curve in accordance with the shape parameter, the model of smaller shape can be seen that the optimal software release time delay and more cost. Through this study, it is thought that it can serve as a preliminary information which can basically help the software developers to search for development cost according to software shape parameters.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.638-645
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• 2007

Computers are increasingly being introduced into safety and reliability critical systems. The safe and reliable operation of these systems cannot be taken for granted. Malfunctions of these systems can have potentially catastrophic consequences and they have already been involved in serious accidents. Software fault prevention, fault tolerance, fault removal and fault forecasting are the techniques to be used, implemented and verified for embedded software in critical systems as the contributors to safety and reliability of the software. To use them when developing a software product, a relationship must be established between them and the development processes, the methods and techniques to be used to develop software, as well as with the different product architectures. Railroad signaling system software is a safety-critical embedded software with realtime and high reliability requirements. The primary purpose of the safety management is to prevent the loss of lives or physical damages arising from potential hazards in the railroad signaling system. This study provides a systematic approach to analysis of potential hazards for their management during the system life cycle to assure the identification and definition of the most appropriate hazards.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2016

This study conducted an evaluation of the extent of debris flow damage using SINMAP, which is slope stability analysis software based on the infinite slope stability method, and FLO-2D, a hydraulic debris flow analysis program. Mt. Majeok located in Chuncheon city in the Gangwon province was selected as the study area to compare the study results with an actual 2011 case. The stability of the slope was evaluated using a DEM of $1{\times}1m$ resolution based on the LiDAR survey method, and the initiation points of the debris flow were estimated by analyzing the overlaps with the drainage network, based on watershed analysis. In addition, the study used measured data from the actual case in the simulation instead of existing empirical equations to obtain simulation results with high reliability. The simulation results for the impact of the debris flow showed a 2.2-29.6% difference from the measured data. The results suggest that the extent of damage can be effectively estimated if the parameter setting for the models and the debris flow initiation point estimation are based on measured data. It is expected that the evaluation method of this study can be used in the future as a useful hazard mapping technique among GIS-based risk mapping techniques.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2533-2538
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• 2014

In this study, 2-zone model CFAST software was used to predict the fire hazard of karaoke. Model is a three-dimensional unsteady state. Accuracy of CFAST is verified by comparing result of CFAST analysis with result of real fire experiment. For analysis results, the oxygen concentration were reduced to 10% within 5 minutes in room 5, the carbon dioxide concentration were increased to 5%. Therefore, at the enclosed space like karaoke, we can predict that dangerous situation would occur and people be suffocated because of toxic gas.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1289-1293
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• 2008

A technology for inevitable integration as well as an ability of development of technology according to professional fields is needed and supported for securing technology in the era of international competition. In other words, advanced business technique and technology applied for streamlining of management are required and the relations between operations and systems could be clarified. This paper reviews the course for development of process used in the systems engineering and business administration and tries to seek the way of training professionals in a variety of fields for elevating domestic technologies in different fields to the international level. Particularly, it tries to get the way of overcome the present technical restriction that depends on imports through matching a hazard analysis method with the method above mentioned. Especially, it tries to present the way of contributing to securing software safety on the basis of the importance of development of process model that takes the life cycle into consideration.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.382-391
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• 2016

For safety-critical systems including railways, there has been a growing need for effective and systematic safety management processes. The outcomes of efforts in this area are international safety standards, such as IEC 61508, 62278, and ISO 26262. One of the principal activities in the safety process is hazard analysis. For this reason, considerable efforts have been directed toward methods of hazard analysis. On the other hand, the hazard analysis methods reported thus far appear to be unclear in terms of their relationship with the system design process. In addition, in some cases, the methods appear to rely heavily on information regarding the hardware and software components, the number of which is increasing. These aspects can become troublesome when design changes are necessary. To improve the situation, in this paper, hazard analysis was carried out using the result of functional analysis early in the concept development stage for a safety-critical system design. Because hazard analysis is carried out at the system level and the result is then used to develop the safety requirements, improvements can be expected in terms of the development time and cost when design changes are required due to changes in the requirements. As a case study, the generation of safety requirements for the development of light rail transit stations is presented.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

Software reliability in the software development process is an important issue. Software process improvement helps in finishing with reliable software product. In this field, SPC (Statistical process control) is a method of process management through application of statistical analysis, which involves and includes the defining, measuring, controlling, and improving of the processes. The proposed process involves evaluation of the parameter of the mean value function and hence the values of the mean value function at various inter failure times to develop relevant time control chart. In this paper, was proposed a control mechanism, based on time between failures observations using Rayleigh and Burr distribution property, which is based on Non Homogeneous Poisson Process (NHPP). In this study, the proposed model is reliable in terms of hazard function, because it is more efficient in this area can be used as an alternative to the existing model. Through this study, software developers are considered by the various intended functions, prior knowledge of the software to identify failure modes to feed to some extent shall be able to help.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2016

This study conducted a basic design of system and interface which provide both of spatial and non-spatial data for water hazard information management. This helps to decide directions of the future integrated water hazard information platform and possible technical examinations of the web-based system for the realization of the prototype. For user friendly system, this study did a survey to investigate the data format, service environment, image processing level and visualization type that users prefer. Also, authorization range was set up by type of the user group. In the water hazard information platform, the data and analysis algorithm were classified by the fields. Furthermore, the platform was consisted with six block systems according to the function and the interface and designed to flexibly mount or modify the additional functions. For a basic design of the data exchange method and protocols, a prototype was constructed by using the spatial information web service technology. The portal service system to visualize and provide spatial data was designed by the WMS/WFS type of OGC standard interface and the FTP/HTTP interface type through open source GIS software for server environment.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.605-616
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• 2018

In this paper, an extended Cloud analysis method is developed for seismic fragility assessment of existing highway bridges in the southeast Queensland region. This method extends the original Cloud analysis dataset by performing scaled Cloud analyses. The original and scaled Cloud datasets are then paired to generate seismic fragility curves. The seismic hazard in this region is critically reviewed, and the ground motion records are selected for the time-history analysis based on various record selection criteria. A parametric highway bridge model is developed in the OpenSees analysis software, and a sampling technique is employed to quantify the uncertainties of highway bridges ubiquitous in this region. Technical recommendations are also given for the seismic performance evaluation of highway bridges in such low-to-moderate seismic zones. Finally, a probabilistic fragility study is conducted by performing a total of 8000 time-history analyses and representative bridge fragility curves are generated. It is illustrated that the seismic fragility curves generated by the proposed extended Cloud analysis method are in close agreement with those which are obtained by the rigorous incremental dynamic analysis method. Also, it reveals that more than 50% of highway bridges existing in southeast Queensland will be damaged subject to a peak ground acceleration of 0.14 g.