• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.685-690
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• 2009

Purpose: Autologous fat graft is a widely accepted technique used for soft tissue augmentation. Nonetheless, the use of fat graft is limited by unpredictable survival rates and repeated grafting. To avoid repeated grafting, cryopreserved fat graft technique has recently been widely used. On the other hand, the number of patients with chronic infection(who received cryopreserved fat injection) has currently been increasing. Therefore, this study was focused on the safety of cryopreserved fat injection from the infection. Methods: We collected 150 samples from local aesthetic clinics to examine the safety of cryopreserved autologous fat. To test for microbacterial contaminations of the cryopreserved fat specimens, microbacterial cultures & antibiotics sensitivity tests were performed. Then, we examined possible correlation between the preservation period and donor sites, focused on the results of microbacterial culture. Results: Cultures were positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis in 5 samples(methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in 4 samples), Micrococcus species in 3 samples. An average duration of preservation was 191 days and there was no significant correlation between the duration of preservation and microbacterial growth. Conclusion: Staphylococcus epidermidis was the leading cause of cryopreserved fat contamination, and the resistance to methicillin is common. Based on the above results, aseptic handling of fat during harvesting and preservation appeared to be most important.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1055-1065
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• 2002

The specific objectives of the survey were as follows: 1) to survey the knit wear purchasing behavior of the women in their twentieth and thirtieth, 2) to investigate the popular design, color, pattern and material, 3) to analyze the difference of knit wear purchasing behavior and preference. The data was on the base of the results of 321 pcs survey reports. The analysis methods was Means, Percentage, Frequencies, t-test and One-way ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Most women were purchasing knit wear for combination with having other clothes. They were satisfied for design, color, activity and quality, but not for size changing after washing, keeping problems and raising of pilling. They liked simple or classic design, mono or pastel color, and no or simple skip pattern, check pattern. 2) The Single women were more purchasing knit wear by impulse for soft and easy handling, combination with other clothes, meet fashion trend than married women. And the women in their twentieth were get more informations for knit wear from mess media and displayed shop than the women in their thirtieth.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.75-90
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• 2022

In this paper, functionality of soft computing algorithms such as Group method of data handling (GMDH), Random forest (RF), Random tree (RT), Linear regression (LR), M5P, and artificial neural network (ANN) have been looked out to predict the compressive strength of concrete mixed with marble powder. Assessment of result suggests that, the overall performance of ANN based model gives preferable results over the different applied algorithms for the estimate of compressive strength of concrete. The results of coefficient of correlation were maximum in ANN model (0.9139) accompanied through RT with coefficient of correlation (CC) value 0.8241 and minimum root mean square error (RMSE) value of ANN (4.5611) followed by RT with RMSE (5.4246). Similarly, other evaluating parameters like, Willmott's index and Nash-sutcliffe coefficient value of ANN was 0.9458 and 0.7502 followed by RT model (0.8763 and 0.6628). The end result showed that, for both subsets i.e., training and testing subset, ANN has the potential to estimate the compressive strength of concrete. Also, the results of sensitivity suggest that the water-cement ratio has a massive impact in estimating the compressive strength of concrete with marble powder with ANN based model in evaluation with the different parameters for this data set.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2014

국내 딸기는 영양학적으로 우수한 과실로 소비자들은 대부분 신선한 생과로 이용하지만, 유통 기간이 매우 짧고 경도가 약하며 곰팡이에 의한 부패가 쉽게 발생하여 선도유지에 어려움이 있다. 딸기의 주요 부패균인 Botrytis cinerea, Rhizopus stolonifer는 생존율이 높고 쉽게 전이되어 품질 저하가 심각한 수준으로 이의 성장을 제어하기 위하여 수확 후 예냉, 이산화탄소, 이산화염소 처리 등을 있으며, 포장 처리 방법으로 modified atmosphere 포장, 가식성 코팅, 고산소 포장, 산소 흡착제 등을 적용하여 유통기간 연장 및 품질 개선 효과를 가진다고 연구 보고되었다. 딸기는 1차 포장 형태인 PET 용기에 담아 이를 골판지 상자에 포장하여 국내 및 해외 유통에 주로 이용하며 주요 수출국은 홍콩, 싱가포르를 대상으로 해마다 수출국이 늘어나고 수출양이 증가하고 있다. 최근 수출 딸기의 유통 기간 연장을 위한 품질 개선 필요성에 따라 다양한 유통 과정에 적합한 수확후 선도 유지 처리 연구가 요구되고 있으며 상품성 부여를 위한 수출 대상국 소비자의 기호성에 맞춘 개선된 포장이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.483-490
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• 2003

PSE 발생원인을 규명하고자 제주소재 J 도축장에 출하된 돼지에 대하여 PSE 발생원인을 규명한 결과 도축전 돼지의 취급이 돼지 출하일령을 180일 이상과 이하로 나누어 비교한 결과 PSE 발생율은 180일령 미만은 24.9%, 180일령 이상은 18.9%로 비육일령 연장에 의한 PSE 발생율 감소는 6%인 것으로 분석되었다. 조사두수 50두 이상 농가의 농가별 PSE 발생율을 조사한 결과, 가장 낮은 농가가 17.30%, 가장 높은 농가가 80.36%로 63.06%의 큰 차이를 보였다. 수송 소요시간별 PSE 돈육 발생율은 30분 미만, 30분～1시간 미만에서는 각각 46.66 %, 45.65%로 큰 차이는 보이지 않았지만 1시간 이상 수송시는 35.44%로 수송시간이 증가됨으로 약 9%의 PSE 발생율이 감소하였다. 절식과 계류 유무에 따른 도체율은 당일 도축 72.68%에 대하여 계류시 72.67%로 조사되어 차이가 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 도축전 돼지의 계류 유무에 따른 PSE 발생율은 무계류시 55.66%, 계류시 33.88%로 전일 계류를 실시함으로서 PSE 발생율을 21.74% 감소시킬 수 있었다. 본 연구결과 출하일령의 연장, 도축전 적절한 계류는 돈육의 품질향상에 매우 중요한 요소임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 도축전 돼지의 관리와 계류의 중요성에 관심이 필요하다고 하겠다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제84권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate inhaler device handling in elderly patients. Inhaler devices with respect to misuse and error correction were also compared. Methods: Inhaler use technique was assessed using standardized checklists at the first visit and 3-month follow-up visit after retraining. The primary outcome was difference in the acceptable use ratio among inhaler devices. Secondary outcomes included differences in error correction, the most common step of misuse, and factors affecting the accuracy of inhaler use. Results: A total of 251 patients (mean age, 76.4 years) were included. The handling of 320 devices was assessed in the study. All patients had been trained before. However, only 24.7% of them used inhalers correctly. Proportions of acceptable use for Evohaler, Respimat, Turbuhaler, Ellipta, and Breezhaler/Handihaler were 38.7%, 50.0%, 61.4%, 60.8%, and 43.2%, respectively (p=0.026). At the second visit, the acceptable use ratio had increased. There were no significant differences among inhaler types (Evohaler, 63.9%; Respimat, 86.1%; Turbuhaler, 74.3%; Ellipta, 64.6%; and Breezhaler/Handihaler, 65.3% [p=0.129]). In multivariate analysis, body mass index, Turbuhaler, and Ellipta showed positive correlations with acceptable use of inhalers, whereas Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test score showed a negative correlation. Conclusion: Although new inhalers have been developed, the accuracy of inhaler use remains low. Elderly patients showed more errors when using pressurized metered-dose inhalers than using dry powder inhalers and soft-mist inhalers. However, there were no significant differences in misuse among inhaler devices after individual training. Results of this study suggests that repeat training is more important than inhaler type.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제54호
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• pp.149-179
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• 2018

2017년 10월 31일, 미국 맨해튼에서 ISIS를 추종하는 사이포브가 트럭으로 강변 자전거 도로에 난입하여 8명이 사망하고 20여명이 부상하는 테러 발생, 2017년 6월 5일, 이슬람 극단주의자 야쿱 카이리는 호주 멜버른 교회지역에서 여성을 납치하여 인질극을 벌이다 경찰에 사살되는 등 영국, 프랑스, 독일 등 세계 각 지역에서 테러와의 전쟁이 벌어지고 있다. 수법은 정부 요인 등 주요 하드타겟(Hard target)에서 불특정다수의 소프트타겟(Soft target)으로 바뀌면서 국민들의 공포감을 키웠고, 국가나 조직이 주도를 하던 방식에서 ISIS 등 추종세력이 독단으로 테러를 시도하는 자생테러로 바뀌었다. 또한, 일상생활에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 차량, 압력 밥솥 등을 테러에 이용하면서 이에 대한 경찰의 대비도 어렵게 되었다. 한편, 일부 테러관련 학자들은 2001년 9월 11일 미국 세계무역센터 테러나 2016년 7월 14일 프랑스 니스 트럭 테러 같이 경찰에게 시간적 여유를 주지 않고 테러를 저지르는 사례들을 예로 들면서 이제는 경찰의 대화기법(협상)이 무용지물이며 전술적인 진압방법을 발전 시켜야 한다는 주장을 펼치기도 한다. 이와 관련, 본 연구에서는 경찰의 협상기법이 테러뿐만 아니라 지구대 파출소에서 만날 수 있는 주취자 등 경찰의 업무 전반에 필요한 부분임을 강조하면서 경찰기관의 대화법의 활성화 방향에 대한 대책을 제시하고자 한다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.101-105
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• 1998

Compound comminuted mandibular fracture is defined as the presence of multiple fracture lines with open wound resulting in many small pieces within the same area. The incidence of mandibular comminution is difficult to determine but reported as 2.7~18.6 % incidence among mandibular fractures. There are controversies in the treatment of mandibular comminuted fractures. Treatment of comminuted mandibular fracture has traditionally involved closed reduction in an effort to avoid stripping periostcum from the bony segments, but rigid internal rigid fixation is used more popular at present. The extent of comminution, displacement of bony fragments and patient general conditions are important factors in decision of the treatment methods. When significant bone displacement is present, it is necessary to reduce these comminuted fragments to an anatomic, pretraumatic relationship to restore facial form and function. In these cases, ORIF allows anantomic reduction of comminuted segments as well as pretraumatic occlusion. Gentle handling of the soft tissue, rigid fixation of bony fragments and adequate immobilization are essential for reducing the complications. This is the report the incidence, causes, complications and treatment of the patients who visited our department for compound comminuted mandibular fractures.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.303-313
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• 1994

저자들은 최근 실험과 임상에서 활발히 연구 및 응용되고 있는 정맥 피판 중에서 동맥혈을 유입시킨 '유리 동맥화 정맥 피판술'을 수부의 각 부위 즉 수장부, 소지구, 제 1 수지간 공간, 다발성 수지 첨부 및 수배부 등의 연부조직 결손시에 즉시 혹은 이차적으로 재건에 이용하여 수부의 기능과 모양의 회복에 있어서 만족할 만한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 이를 위해서는 술자가 정맥피판에 대한 확신을 가지고, 피부 결손 부위보다 크게 피판을 박리하고 지나친 동맥혈의 유업을 피하면서 유출정맥의 수를 증가시켜 술 후 부종으로 인한 피판의 긴장을 감소시킴으로 변연부의 괴사를 방지해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1577-1583
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• 2000

Objectives : Among the various types of minimally invasive spine surgeries, thoracoscopic surgery is becoming more widely accepted and increasingly utilized. This report delineates our clinical experience using thoracoscopy to resect herniated thoracic discs in 16 patients who suffered from myelopathy or intolerable radiculopathy. Patients and Methods : Between Mar. 1997 and Sep. 1999, 16 consecutive patients underwent thoracoscopic discectomy for treatment of herniated thoracic discs. There were 12 men and 4 women(mean age 43.5 years ; range 18-61 years). Eleven patients presented with myelopathic signs and symptoms from spinal cord compression and 5 patients had incapacitating thoracic radicular pain without myelopathy. The surgical level was varied between T3 and T12. The pathology of specimen were 11 hard discs and 5 soft discs herniations. Thoracoscopic techniques were performed with long narrow spine instruments and high speed drill through 3 or 4 ports under one lung ventilated general anesthesia. During the operation three patients were converted to open thoracotomy due to intolerable one lung ventilation, excessive bleeding and inadequate operation field. The mean operation time was 264min.(range : 100-420min.), and postoperative mean admission period was 11 days. Results : Clinical and neurological outcomes were good in all patients(mean follow-up period 20 months). Among the eleven myelopathic patients, 8 improved neurologically, and 3 stabilized. Among the five radiculopathic patients, 4 recovered completely and no patient had worsened. Postoperative complications were pleural effusion in one case, intercostal neuralgia in one, delayed hemopneumothorax in one, prolonged air leakage in one and pneumonia in one case. Conclusions : Thoracoscopic discectomy needs a steep learning curve to be familiar to anatomical space and handling of endoscopic instruments. However, it is technically feasible and can be effectively performed with acceptable results.