• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.231-242
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• 2012

The purposes of this study were to identify the needs for ubiquitous home services in residential environment of elderly single or elderly couple households living without children and also to analyze the differences of the needs according to their demographic and housing characteristics. For this study, a literature review and field works on ubiquitous home services for older people were performed. Also, 1 to 1 interview by using the questionnaire which was developed by the researchers in this study was conducted and 270 elderly residents in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Do were responded. Seventy-one ubiquitous service items which were adopted to home electronic appliances and furniture for older people were developed for 1 to 1 interview questionnaire. The major findings of the study were as follows: the elderly residents expressed highest need for ubiquitous home service items related to safety and health issues. Among ubiquitous service items applied to gas stove, vacuum cleaner, TV, telephone, sofa and toilet, the items related to safety and health aspects were most needed. And residents' income level and health status were the two major variables to show group differences in the need of ubiquitous home services. In other words, the elderly residents who were high income and frail tended to have the highest demand for ubiquitous home services adopted to home electronic appliances and furniture.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.225-236
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• 2010

This study proposes a method for the recognition of emergency situation according to the bimodal information of camera image sensor and gravity sensor. This method can recognize emergency condition by mutual cooperation and compensation between sensors even when one of the sensors malfunction, the user does not carry gravity sensor, or in the place like bathroom where it is hard to acquire camera images. This paper implemented HMM(Hidden Markov Model) based learning and recognition algorithm to recognize actions such as walking, sitting on floor, sitting at sofa, lying and fainting motions. Recognition rate was enhanced when image feature vectors and gravity feature vectors are combined in learning and recognition process. Also, this method maintains high recognition rate by detecting moving object through adaptive background model even in various illumination changes.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.97-114
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to analyze style and usage of furniture for rural house and to organize the changing process of the furniture. The data were collected from 32 residences in Samga 3-ri village in Youngin Kyungkido by field survey measuring and sketching the furniture were also performed as a supplement of investigation. Qualitative analysis were done by discriptive method. 1) It was found that the major furniture for rural household were storing furniture such as wardrobes, blanket chests, drawer chests, cupboards until 1976. The time when the supportive furniture such as sofa sets and dining sets were purchased on the rural area was after late 1970's. 2) The style of the furniture was investigated through the analysis of the size, material, structure, finishing and ornamentation. The changing process of style was from luxurious look to natural look. Therefore the storing furniture of the rural household showed a state of transition between traditional and modern style. 3) As a result of analyzing the place where the furniture were used, the cupboards showed to move from Marus (the living room area) to Buauks (the kitchens). The wardrobes were mainly used in An-Bangs(the master bedrooms) and Kuhnnun-Bangs(the room opposite the master bedrooms), but the style of those wardrobes were different each other.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.92-95
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• 2008

As society ages increasingly, maintaining an independent lifestyle at home becomes an important issue for older people. The elderly themselves demand an independent lifestyle despite their health status and living arrangements. The purpose of this study is to provide basic guidelines for the elderly housing through the analysis of seniors' housing behavior. The total of 438 residents take part in the questionnaire survey research through the quota sampling method grouped by age (60-64 group, 65-69 group, 70-74 group, over 75 group). The results are as follows. (1) Seniors' subjective physical and functional status is not differed one age group from the others, but it is differed by the sex. (2) Seniors spend more than three hours on watching TV. The male spend more time on information search, while the female on the house chores. (3) The older use the bedroom more than the younger. Living rooms are more frequently used among the young old and the residents live in the apartment houses. (4) More than half senior use a sofa in the living room, a table in the dining room, and a bed in the bedroom. The young old and the apartment residents use such furniture more than the other groups.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.89-101
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• 1986

This study sought to investigate the presence and characteristics of postulated variables(involvement & empathy) that may moderate the need for overt conflict - resolving behavior when husbands and wives disagree on a certain purchasing subdecision and that may explain husband - wife decision - making patterns. For the above purpose, the analyses of this study are based on response of 180 husbands and wives(90 couples) to questions concerning 11 subdecisions of house and sofa-set purchasing decisions. The results are summarized as follows; 1) Income, education, and wives job do not significantly differenciate the levels of involvement and empathy except that education does the levels of wives involvement and empathy and that wives job does the levels of husbands involvement. 2) Husbands and wives indicate significantly different levels of involvement and empathy on most subdecisions. i. e., wives regard all subdecisions importantly. and on 3 subdecisions of joint decision - making pattern, they have the higher consideration for their husband's preferences. 3) Incongruency in husband - wife responses to the questions of decision - making patterns are moderate. 4) Husbands and wives involvement / empathy discriminate well the patterns of decision - making on various subdecisions within 2 product classes. Wives empathy accounts for much discriminating power in both instances. Thus, the need to add these involvement and empathy variables to models of family decision - making is sugguested.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.226-236
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• 2016

Single-person household is estimated to be about 26.5% of the total household in 2015, which counts as 5060000 in numbers. We opt to acknowledge the various requests of these single residents, and in order to raise their satisfaction, we investigated on how personal taste, psychological interest, and personality attribute affects the user's preference of space organization and furniture in one room housing. Using the qualified psychology program, Enneagram Personality Type Indicator, we surveyed young people under 30 years old (majority of single-person households), regarding space organization and furniture preference. With the help of a specialist, the survey was constructed with appropriate evaluation items (space organization in one room households, bed, sofa, furniture material, etc), and analyzed the relationship between the evaluated items and personality types. Results showed there is a relationship between personality types and spatial structure. First, preference of spatial structure differed for different personality types. Second, the shape and size of furniture was dependent more on the ease of usability and design rather than on the personality types. One thing to consider is that type 1 and 9 accounted for about 50% of the total surveys. This emphasizes that the preferred spatial structure of a dominant specific personality type should not be overlooked.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2003

The full-scale compartment fire tests were carried out to evaluate the characteristics of fire resistance of window material under actual fire conditions. The room size used for full-scale room fire tests was 4 by 3.8 m with 2.4 m high ceiling. The windows with PVC, Aluminum and AL+Wood frame materials were established, sofa and mattress were used as fire sources. The window contained pair glasses with the air between 6 mm glasses. Temperatures at total 32 points in the room were measured to find the temperature distribution in the room fire. It is examined that thermal effects on window frame materials such as charring, distortion, melting, structural collapse, and other effects.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2011

While the crime scene investigation, evidences are found to search with the naked eyes and to use science equipments. Crime evidences, which are used as judgement, have various things: blood, sperm, saliva, hair, fingerprint, fiber, soil, paint, and so on, especially, fingerprints could take through crime scene investigation, and in there, it could distinguish individually. In this case study, sort of leathers: a wallet, a belt, and a sofa, which are needed special identification even thought people experience easily in usual day, are tried many of the identification tests. As a result, using fluorescent magnetic powder method or fluorescent powder method as identification of many leathers is most efficient.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 1997

The objective of this research is to study on the decision of the interface height in a room in case of trashcan, chair, carpet and sofa as a fire starter in a residential room by performing the experimental studies. For the decision of the interface height, the temperatures of various positions in fire room are measured and the averaged temperatures are calculated from these measured temperatures every time and height. The temperatures of all positions in fire room are obtained as the basis of the measured temperatures and the middle point of the highest temperature slope is decided as the interface point. The interface heights were distinct and were around 1[m] maintaining constant state. However, at the time of the maximum temperature, the interface height was lowered to 0.25[m]-0.75[m] from the floor.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.197-204
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• 2013

The crystal structure of the potential active 4,6-dimethyl-9-phenyl-8,12-dioxa-4,6-diazatetracyclo [8.8.0.02,7.013,18] octadeca-2(7),13,15,17-tetraene-3,5,11-trione 2-ethoxyphenyl (2E)-but-2-enoate ($C_{22}H_{18}N_2O_5$) has been determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. In the title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group $P_12_1/c_1$ with unit cell dimension a=15.2039(8), b=12.3888(6) and c= 9.8162(5) [alpha & $gamma=90^{\circ}$ beta=98.113(2)]. In the structure fused pyrone and pyran rings each adopt a sofa/envelop conformation. The crystal structure is stabilized by intramolecular C-H... O hydrogen bond interaction.